English name: Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Category of cultural relics: ancient buildings
Age of cultural relics: Tang Dynasty
Primitive cultural relics: stupas used to place the scriptures that Xuanzang brought back from India.
Status of cultural relics: It is located in Xi 'an Anji Temple.
Introduction of Big Wild Goose Pagoda
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Great Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, was built by Master Xuanzang in the third year of Yonghui, Tang Gaozong (AD 652) in Jionji West Pagoda, with a height of 180 feet, and was later converted into a seven-story brick pagoda during the Chang 'an period of Wu Zetian.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is 64.5 meters high, with a square cone, simple shape and magnificent momentum. It is a rare masterpiece of Buddhist architectural art in China.
Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Pagoda, towering into the sky, reaches the Heavenly Palace. Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, and our overlooking steps are hanging in space. It is above a holy land and can only be built by spiritual hard work. Its four sides are covered with brilliant sunshine, and its seven-story building cuts through the gray clouds, and the "Big Wild Goose Pagoda" is magnificent.
The Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Ji 'an, the southern suburb of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province. It is a famous ancient building in China and is considered as a symbol of the ancient capital Xi. Painted in the center of the emblem of Xi 'an is this magnificent, simple and magnificent ancient tower of the Tang Dynasty. This tower is the place where Master Xuanzang specially translated and collected scriptures after returning from India (ancient Tianzhu). It was named Big Wild Goose Pagoda because it was modeled after the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in India. Therefore, a smaller Big Wild Goose Pagoda was later built in Jianfu Temple in Chang 'an. People called Ci 'en Pagoda Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Jianfu Pagoda Small Wild Goose Pagoda, which has been passed down to this day. The plane of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is square and built on a platform about 45 meters square and 5 meters high. This tower has seven floors, the bottom is 25 meters long and the height from the ground to the top is 64 meters. The tower is made of bricks, and the ground brick joints are firm and abnormal. There are stairs in the tower, which can spiral up. There is an arched ticket doorway on all sides of each floor, which can be seen through the railing and have a panoramic view of Chang' an. The bottom of the tower is surrounded by stone gates, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues on the mast. Ximenmei is a picture of Amitabha, engraved with magnificent halls. The layout of the picture is rigorous and the lines are vigorous and smooth. It is a masterpiece of Yan, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, and it is an important material for studying ancient architecture in China. The brick niches on both sides of the south gate of the tower are embedded with two stone tablets, Preface to the Three Monks of Datang and Preface to the Three Monks, written by Chu Suiliang, one of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. The fonts are delicate and natural. After the end of the Tang Dynasty, temples were repeatedly set on fire and burned, and only the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was isolated.
On the other hand, the Wild Goose Pagoda was built in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong for three years. Because it is located in Jean Temple, it is also known as the West Courtyard Pagoda of Jean Temple.
When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it had five floors, the surface of which was made of bricks, and then it collapsed. It was ten stories when it was rebuilt. In 704 AD, Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty was transformed into a pavilion-style blue brick pagoda, which broke the convention that pagodas in the Tang Dynasty were all odd floors and increased to 10 floor. In 93 1 year, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in the Tang Dynasty after the Five Dynasties. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is reduced to seven floors, and the plane is square, which consists of two parts: the tower foundation and the tower body. 1604, the basic shape of the Tang Dynasty tower was maintained in the twenty-third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and a 60 cm thick coating was built outside it. The side of the tower foundation is 48 meters long and 4.2 meters high, and the tower body is on it, with a side length of 25 meters and a height of 59.9 meters. The height of the tower foundation and tower body is 64. 1 m. Each wall of the tower is made of brick flat columns and wall frame, with a big barrel at the upper part of the column and a brick coupon door in the middle of each floor. The plane inside the tower is also square, and each floor has floors. An escalator is installed to spiral up to the top of the tower. The Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there are a large number of inscriptions by literati, including more than 200 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Today, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is still a landmark building in Xi 'an, an ancient city, and a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. The State Council was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units 196 1.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the full name of which is "Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Ci 'en Temple", was founded in 652 AD. Pavilion-style brick pagodas are welded by grinding bricks. Prisms are displayed on the brick wall, which can obviously divide the wall into bays. It is a unique traditional architectural art style in China.
According to historical records, the Cixi Hall was built by Tang Gaozong Li Zhi to pray for her mother, Empress Wende. In the north, it faces the Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall, surrounded by Qujiang Pool, Xingyuan and Leyuan Scenic Area, with beautiful scenery. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is the first abbot of Ji 'an Temple, Master Xuanzang, who returned from India and brought back a large number of Sanskrit classics and Buddhist cultural relics. In order to consecrate and store these treasures, he personally designed and guided the construction. Xuanzang was honored as the "Master Sanzang", who once ruled out eighty-one difficulties to learn from the West. Tang Gaozong and Emperor Taizong personally wrote Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-style brick pagoda, with a height of 64.517m and a base length of 25m. The tower is square pyramid-shaped and located on a square brick platform, with a bottom area of 42.5×48.5 meters and a height of 4.2 meters. The tower body made of blue bricks is spliced by grinding bricks, and the structure is regular. The exterior is made of wood-like structure, and the size decreases proportionally from bottom to top. There is a spiral wooden ladder in the tower. There is an arched ticket gate on both sides of each floor, which can be overlooked through the railing. The whole building is magnificent, solemn and simple, with simple and steady modeling and moderate proportion, which is a masterpiece of architectural art in Tang Dynasty.
Many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving a beautiful sentence that has been passed down to this day, such as Du Fu's "high standards cross the sky, the wind keeps going"; Chapter 8 of the "strange bird enclave, mid-air self-alarm language" and so on. Especially Cen Can's "Go to Ji 'an with Gao Shi and Xue Zhi"; "Pagoda, suddenly rising from the ground, reached the palace of heaven; Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, and our overlooking steps are hanging in space. It is above a holy land and can only be built by spiritual hard work; Its four sides darken the bright sun, and its seven floors cut through the gray clouds. Birds fly where we can't see, and high winds blow where we can't hear; The mountains, facing the east, run together as if facing the east. In the distance, green Sophora japonica trees are arranged on wide roads, leading to dense palaces and buildings; The colors of autumn come out from the west and go through the city. In the north, there are five cemeteries, which are always quiet under the dew and green grass. Those who know the ultimate meaning of life, this is what all mankind must learn; From now on, I will put my official hat aside and find the eternal road is the only happiness. " The poet's magnificent description and philosophical exclamation often cause people to sing when they climb the tower.
As early as the year of Tang Zhongzong Dragon, the title of Big Wild Goose Pagoda has already formed a custom. Each new Jinshi first had a banquet in Qujiang and Xingyuan, and then climbed the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving the wall of the pagoda as a souvenir. At the age of 27, Bai Juyi became a scholar and wrote the poem "The kindness tower is the smallest among seventeen people". Liu Cang is even more heroic to "choose the victory tour in the Spring Festival, and the apricot garden banquet Qujiangtou; The title of "the purple powder wall is a fairy, the willow flute blows the jade building", and the title of Yanta and Dengxian is mentioned together, which shows that their hearts are full of the joy of spring breeze and regard the title of Yanta as a great honor. Later, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda formed the scene that "the walls of the small courtyard of the pagoda were all inscribed by Qing Xiang", but unfortunately, a fire in northern Song Shenzong destroyed the precious inscribed walls.
In Jionji, people naturally think of Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, who was the first abbot here. Xuanzang, a native of Yanshi, Henan Province, was a famous traveler, translator and Buddhist in the history of China. In 628 AD, he traveled westward from Chang 'an and arrived in India through difficulties and obstacles. He was carefully guided by Master Jie Xian. When he returned to the motherland in 645 AD, the imperial court held an unprecedented grand welcoming ceremony in Jionji, and dispatched 1500 mysterious vehicles and more than 200 embroidered Buddha statues and statues. Xuanzang brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, and translated 74 Buddhist scriptures in Hongfu Temple, Jionji and Yuhua Temple successively, with a total volume of 1, 335. Among the four major Buddhist translators in China, he translated the most books and translated them best.
At the request of Emperor Taizong, Xuanzang also recorded the history, mountains and rivers, folk customs, product climate, political culture and religious beliefs of 16, 5438+00 cities and 28 regions and countries during his trip to 17, and compiled them into "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" 65438+. This legendary figure is honored as "Master Sanzang", and the story that he overcame 81 difficulties to learn from the West has been widely circulated since the Tang Dynasty. On this basis, Wu Cheng'en, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty, created The Journey to the West, one of the ancient Four Great Classical Novels in China.
The Wild Goose Pagoda is indeed the hometown of Buddhist classics, a temple built under the royal auspices, with a prominent position and a large scale, and it is also a scenic spot that cannot be ignored in your trip to Xi. According to the latest report, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was not built by Prince Li Zhi to commemorate his mother, Empress Wende, but was built by Xuanzang exorcists in the 22nd year of Zhenguan at the suggestion of the then emperor Tang Gaozong, and rebuilt in the post-Empress Wu Zetian and Ming Dynasties.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong for three years. Because it is located in Jionji, it is also called Ci 'en Temple Tower. Daxiong Hall is the most famous and magnificent Buddhist temple in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, which was built by imperial edict in Tang Dynasty. Tang Sanzang, Xuanzang, once presided over the temple affairs here, led the Buddhist translation field and founded the Buddhist Sect. He personally supervised the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the temple. Therefore, Dali Temple has a very prominent position in the history of Buddhism in China, and it has always been concerned at home and abroad.
When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it had only five floors. It was rebuilt by Wu Zetian and later renovated many times. Now the tower has seven floors, ***64 meters, in the shape of a square pyramid; The tower body is made of blue bricks, and the walls of each floor are made of wood-like structures such as columns and columns. There are coupon arches on all sides of each floor. This pavilion-style brick tower is a masterpiece of Buddhist architectural art in China, with simple shape and magnificent momentum. On both sides of the south gate of the ground floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there are two stone tablets written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. One is Preface to the Three Monks of Datang; The other is Tang Gaozong's Preface to Sanzang. The creeping grass pattern on the side of the monument is beautiful and vivid. These are important cultural relics for studying calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty. This is an important historical heritage of our country.
[Edit this paragraph] Big Wild Goose Pagoda Underground Palace
In May 2008, Wang Yarong, director of the Institute of Religion of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said recently that just like the underground palace under the Famen Temple pagoda in Shaanxi, there may be a thousand-year-old underground palace under the Wild Goose Pagoda in xi. It is speculated that the treasures Xuanzang brought back from India may be hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
According to historical records, in the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan, Xuanzang returned from India, bringing back a large number of Buddhist relics, hundreds of Sanskrit scriptures of Beye and eight gold and silver Buddha statues. With the approval of the imperial court, Xuanzang personally designed and built the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in order to worship and treasure the Buddhist scriptures, gold and silver Buddha statues, relics and other treasures brought back. But until now, no one knows where the treasure Xuanzang brought back is.
Wang Yarong thought there was a dungeon under the ancient pagoda. Just as there is a dungeon under the Famen Temple Pagoda, there must be a millennium dungeon under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, but it has not been excavated yet. Therefore, it is very likely that the treasures that Xuanzang brought back at the beginning were hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Xie Shoutao, director of the Xi Wild Goose Pagoda Storage Center, said that in 2007, the relevant departments had detected the internal structure of the Wild Goose Pagoda, and the ground penetrating radar had detected holes in the underground of the Wild Goose Pagoda, which should be the underground palace of the Wild Goose Pagoda.
[Edit this paragraph] Wild Goose Pagoda Sightseeing
Tower seat
There is a stone gate at the bottom of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues and brick carved couplets on the lintels and doorframes.
On the east and west sides of the South Gate, there are stone tablets engraved with Preface to Tang Sanzang by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and Preface to Sanzang by Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong. They were all written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription highly praised Master Xuanzang for learning from the West and carrying forward the historical achievements and extraordinary spirit of Buddhism. It is a fine work in the inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty and a precious calligraphy inscription protected by the state.
A layer or layer.
After the new Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong gave a banquet in Xingyuan, met in Qujiang and drank wine, and inscribed Ci 'enta. This is what people often call "Qujiang Liu Yin" and "Wild Goose Pagoda Inscription".
Entering the south gate, there are many Ming Dynasty inscriptions on both sides of the cave wall. Among them, "Wild Goose Pagoda" is the first between heaven and earth, which is a portrayal of the scenery of "Wild Goose Pagoda" at that time. In addition, Xuanzang's masterpiece and Xuanzang's translated classics are also worth seeing.
There are four long couplets hanging on the first floor of the tower, which are written about the history, characters and stories of the Tang Dynasty. They were there, talking, and feeling the same words.
On the first floor of the tower, there is also a common sense photo exhibition of ancient pagodas and famous pagodas in China, which shows the origin and development of the tower, its structure and classification.
There is a "Xuanzang Footprint Stone" on the tower brick, and the carved pattern vividly reflects the legendary story of Xuanzang's trip to Wan Li, which began with footsteps and ended with the pursuit of truth.
two-double
In the tower room on the second floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a bronze gilded Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, which is a precious cultural relic in the early Ming Dynasty and is regarded as the "treasure in the tower". All the tourists here are scrambling for a quick look.
On both sides of the tower wall, there are also two murals of Manjusri, Bodhisattva Samantabhadra and many modern celebrity calligraphy. Most of the poems are catchy and meaningful when poets in the Tang Dynasty boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Three - story building
There is a wooden chair in the middle of the tower room on the third floor. There are precious relics and models of Wild Goose Pagoda on the seat. There is a beautiful story about the origin of the relic, which was given by Master Janice, the abbot of Xuanzang Temple in India, and belongs to a Buddhist treasure.
The model of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is made by famous artists in strict accordance with the ratio of 1: 60, with excellent materials and lifelike appearance.
Five-layer
On the fifth floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a Ni Gu Mei Footprint Monument, which is modeled after the statue of Buddha's foot carved by Master Xuanzang at Yuhua Temple in Tongchuan in his later years. There are many Buddhist patterns in the world with rich connotations. Known as "seeing your feet is like seeing Buddha, worshipping your feet is like worshipping Buddha".
In the five-story tower room, there are also some little-known poems of Xuanzang. We can get a glimpse of Xuanzang's superb artistic attainments in poetry.
Six floors
On the sixth floor, there are masterpieces of five poets in the Tang Dynasty. In the late autumn of 752 A.D., Du Fu, the poet sage, met Cen Can, Gao Shi, Xue Zhi and Chu Guangxi and boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, overlooking the scenery by the railing, drinking and entertaining, and composing a poem. They are all brilliant, and their poems are excellent. Everyone gives a five-character poem, which will last forever.
Seventh Floor
When you come to the top of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, you can see the ancient city in all directions, just like being in a magical and wonderful Buddhist wonderland. At the top of the seventh floor, there is a well-carved holy lotus algae, with a huge lotus flower in the middle. The petals have the word 14, which is connected in series to form a poem with several pronunciations. Xuanzang wrote on the wall "The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang", which recorded the legend of monks burying geese and building pagodas in India, and explained the most credible theory of the origin of wild goose pagodas to tourists.
[Edit this paragraph] Wild Goose Pagoda Tourism
1. Transportation: Take bus No.5, 4 1, 60 1 and 27 and get off at Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station.
2. Opening hours are 09:00- 17:00 (daily).
Big Wild Goose Pagoda bus platform and nearby platforms
========
Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (Yanta Road/Big Wild Goose Pagoda Cross North): 5 265 438+0 23 27 30 465 438+0 224 320 401500 501527 601606 609 715.
Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (Northwest Exit/Xiaozhai East Road/Big Wild Goose Pagoda Cross West):19 24 34 44 400 408 521610 7016.
Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (East Exit/Furong East Road):19 34 44 400 408 521701.
Big Wild Goose Pagoda Station (southwest exit/Ci 'en West Road): 6 10 24 Tour 6
Yanta West Road East Exit Station (Yanta West Garden): 5192124 27 30 34 4144 224 320 400 401408 500 50152152.
South Square Station of Big Wild Goose Pagoda: 5192124 27 30 344124 400 401408 500 501526 5438+0 527 601600.
Qujiang Ocean World Station: 21501601610715.
Goose guide station: 5192124 27 30 344144 224 320 400 401408 500 501521527 60/kloc-.
Datang Furong Garden Station (North Gate): 21501601610715.
Datang Furong Garden (West Gate) Station (West Gate): 24 609
Datang Furong Garden (South Gate) Station: 24 609
Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History (Cuihua Road) Station (Cross East): 70 1
Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History (Cuihua Road) Station (Cross South): 27 527
Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History (Cuihua Road) Station (Cross West): 519 24 26 30 34 400 401521610 Tour 6
Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History (Cuihua Road) Station (Cross North): 70 1 7 10
Yannan Road Station (Shizi West Road): 320 407
Yannan Road Station (Cross East): 24 44 320 609
Datang Furong Garden (West Gate) Station (at the entrance of Qujiang Administrative Committee): 24 44 609
Yanta West Road Station (Cuihua Road-Yanta West Road Cross West): 408 605 720
Yanta West Road Station (Cuihua Road-Yanta West Road Cross North): 27 527