Why are there fewer flights in Hongqiao?

Hongqiao Airport is the first civil airport in Shanghai. All civil aviation flights in Shanghai used to take off and land at Hongqiao Airport. After the civil aviation process in China started in 1990s, the problem of insufficient capacity of single runway in Hongqiao Airport gradually began to appear. At that time, the Civil Aviation Administration and the Shanghai Municipal Government made one of the most wrong decisions in China's civil aviation history-building Shanghai Pudong Airport and keeping Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. After the completion of Pudong Airport, according to the internationally accepted way at that time, Pudong Airport and Hongqiao Airport were positioned as international airports and domestic airports respectively, that is, all international routes took off and landed at Pudong Airport, domestic routes mainly took off and landed at Hongqiao Airport, and overflowed ones took off and landed at Pudong Airport. As everyone knows, at that time, global civil aviation had gradually completed the transformation from point-to-point operation to hub operation, and the division of labor between Shanghai and Shanghai was a typical idea in the 1970s and 1980s. Since 2007, Tokyo, Seoul and Taipei, which have the same two contradictions with Shanghai, have gradually implemented flights from domestic airports to airports, namely "Northeast Asia Golden Navigation Circle". 1979 After the opening of Chiang Kai-shek Airport (Taoyuan Airport), Songshan Airport became a domestic airport. After the opening of 200 1 Incheon Airport, Gimpo Airport became a domestic airport. 20 12, Hongqiao Airport, Haneda Airport, Gimpo Airport and Songshan Airport realize two or two flights. At the same time, Hong Kong has successfully strived for the re-opening of Haneda Airport in 2008 and Hongqiao Airport in 20 10 (if the relocation of Hong Kong Airport is considered, it can also be called sailing), and half of them will join this golden navigation circle in Northeast Asia. Macau hitchhiked to Hong Kong and sailed to Hongqiao Airport on 20 10. Hardware limitation Hongqiao Airport currently has only two short-distance parallel runways, with a capacity of only 43 sorties during peak hours. However, it is close to the urban area, and there is a curfew at night to reduce noise pollution. At present, Hongqiao is completely saturated. Under these two hardware constraints, the time resources of Hongqiao Airport are very limited, which is not enough for domestic routes, let alone international routes. After the Hongqiao comprehensive transportation hub is officially completed (that is, the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station is put into use), there is no possibility of expansion of Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. The surrounding area is already Hongqiao business district, and the economic cost and other costs of demolition are too high, so the surrounding residents will not allow Hongqiao Airport to expand again. Therefore, the current throughput capacity of Hongqiao Airport is basically impossible to be greatly improved. Only by improving the capacity of air traffic control can we increase a small amount of time resources in the future. Limited time resources are bound to be used by the most precious route. Most international routes are not very profitable or even lose money. Hongqiao's routes to and from Haneda, Gimpo, Songshan, Hong Kong and Macao are relatively profitable in international routes, even surpassing many domestic routes. It is reasonable for Hongqiao Airport to open this part of international routes from the economic point of view. There are two main ways of route layout: by destination and by route. Classification by destination (restricting an airport to fly only domestic routes or only short-haul routes) used to be the mainstream. Besides Shanghai Hongqiao, Tokyo Haneda, Seoul Gimpo and Taipei Songshan mentioned above, There are Osaka Itan (domestic only), London City (domestic only), Paris Orly (short-distance mainly), new york La Goitia (short-distance mainly), Dallas Aitian (short-distance mainly), Houston Hobi (short-distance mainly), Rio Santos Dumont (domestic only), Sao Paulo Kongonias (domestic only), Buenos Aires Jorge Nurburgh (short-distance only) and Milan Rinat. Other examples are: Newark, new york (mainly United Airlines and its allies), Tagore, Berlin (Western camp during the Cold War->; Traditional aviation after the cold war) vs Berlin Sch? Neifield (Eastern camp during the Cold War->; Low-cost airlines after the Cold War) Moscow (too complicated, skip) London Luton+Stansted+Southend (mainly low-cost airlines) Chicago Midway (mainly southwest airlines) Fort Lauderdale in Miami metropolitan area (mainly low-cost airlines) Bangkok Longman (only low-cost airlines) Brussels Shaleroy (only low-cost airlines) Bangkok Frankfurt Hahn (only low-cost airlines and freight) Montreal mirabel (only low-cost airlines) Paris has also joined this camp. So why can't Shanghai be divided into airlines like Dallas and Houston? First of all, due to the time limit of Hongqiao Airport, the total number of flights of China Eastern Airlines based in Shanghai cannot be guaranteed by Hongqiao Airport at all. Therefore, it is impossible for China Eastern Airlines to only use Hongqiao Airport. Secondly, Hongqiao Airport is not an airport that only serves one city in Shanghai. Not to mention the suburban counties under the jurisdiction of Shanghai, Hongqiao Airport is a first-class airport serving Suzhou and Jiaxing, and its actual hinterland covers the core area of the entire Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (Nanjing-Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo). Pudong airport is located in the corner, and its ground connection capacity is much worse than Hongqiao airport, so it is difficult to have such a vast hinterland as Hongqiao airport. If China Eastern Airlines is asked to abandon Hongqiao Airport and only use Pudong Airport, China Eastern Airlines will definitely disagree. If China Eastern Airlines is allowed to use two airports at the same time, while other airlines only use Pudong Airport, according to the same logic, Air China and others will definitely not agree. Therefore, from the perspective of airlines, Shanghai simply does not have the conditions to re-divide airports by airlines. Then we can only maintain the status quo, and it is difficult for Hongqiao Airport to increase international flights. Finally, modern aviation operation should mention how modern aviation operates flights. For traditional aviation, a successful hub is actually equivalent to the center of a bicycle wheel, and the route is the spokes of the wheel. This is the central radiation model. Passengers move from one point on the wheel along the spokes to the center and turn another spoke to another point on the wheel. Such a hub operation requires airlines to build flight waves at the hub airport. For example, a large wave of flights arrive around 10 in the morning and leave after 12 in the morning, so passengers can transfer smoothly. The other mode is a point-to-point mode dominated by European and American low-cost airlines (including domestic traditional airlines). I don't care about the hub at all, I don't care about the flight waves, which line I fly to has passenger flow, and passengers don't need and shouldn't change planes. At first glance, the second kind seems to be more friendly to passengers, but it is not. For a route with huge demand, such as Beijing-Shanghai, it is certainly not necessary to adopt the hub-and-spoke mode, but for many routes (such as Shanghai-San Jose or Shanghai-Ningbo), it is impossible to support a route only by direct passenger flow (it may be full at a loss, but why should it be opened at a loss). At this time, the advantages of the hub-and-spoke mode are reflected. However, for Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, which is short of resources at all times, the hub-and-spoke mode is an extravagant hope. When the future is further scarce and we can only fly by replacing a bigger plane, this contradiction will become more prominent. Airlines that can take 50+ wide-body aircraft seats in first class and business class can only survive at Hongqiao Airport by relying on local tourists from Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta. In international routes, there are several gold business lines of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea that can meet this condition. Therefore, even if we have worked hard to add a number of other international routes, they will still be cut down in the future. Not to mention international routes, domestic routes with poor total passenger flow or cabin load factor will gradually be rushed to Pudong Airport and even Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo and Wuxi airports. [Note 1]: Why is it said that "building Shanghai Pudong Airport and keeping Shanghai Hongqiao Airport" is one of the most wrong decisions in China's civil aviation history? Under the circumstances at that time, Shanghai had two plans: the first plan was to expand Hongqiao Airport at the original site; The second option is to dismantle Hongqiao Airport and build a new airport in different places. At that time, the original site expansion may seem expensive, and it will be difficult to expand in the future. But today, the cost is not too high. As long as the city is properly planned and the surrounding area of Hongqiao Airport is included in the reserve land, there is still room for large-scale expansion. Option 2 is also a good choice-if Hongqiao Airport can be closed, then the new airport can be located west of Hongqiao, which can not only avoid Pudong Airport being so far away from today's Shanghai, but also further stabilize the tourist hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, especially Suzhou Jiaxing. However, two compromise schemes were chosen in that year, namely, retaining Hongqiao Airport and building a new airport in different places. The consequence of this is that Pudong Airport is far from Shanghai (even today, Pudong Airport is still far from Shanghai) and away from important tourist destinations such as Suzhou and Jiaxing. Shanghai's airspace is getting more and more tense, which has even affected the airports in the Yangtze River Delta such as Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo and Wuxi. China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines need Hongqiao and Pudong Airport to operate, which is not conducive to building a hub network, resulting in China Eastern Airlines being at an extreme disadvantage in the competition with Air China; Not to mention that a large number of passengers run to the wrong airport or need to transfer across airports. If it weren't for Shanghai's large-scale economy and frequent commercial activities, Shanghai civil aviation would probably become the second Osaka civil aviation. Read the full text? What behaviors have you seen that regard shamelessness as fun? Chen, my boyfriend, boyfriend and friend, four men and two women are in road trip together. I stayed in a small hotel at night and booked three adjacent rooms. On entering the room, my boyfriend went to wash up first, but just after taking a shower, the doorbell rang. Another girl asked my boyfriend loudly outside the door if he wanted to play five rows together, and several people dragged her away together. The sound insulation of the house is not very good, and I heard laughter not long after playing games. After two o'clock in the morning, there was no sound next door. I called my boyfriend and the phone hung up. Later I learned that from the beginning, that girl was trying to save me. (1) A group of six of us, four men and two women, met during a trip to go on road. However, when we met, another girl was very hostile to me and rolled her eyes and said, "Don't say just the five of us?" Why are there other women? I look embarrassed. Didn't my boyfriend tell his friends that I would be together before? Obviously, her boyfriend was a little confused, and then criticized the girl: "How do you talk? This is my girlfriend, can't we come together? " ? "The girl curled her lips and said unconvinced," It's just the five of us, and you still don't keep your word! This naked disgust makes me angry. I turned to leave, and my boyfriend quickly grabbed me and said, "Don't be angry. She doesn't know what medicine she took today. Don't argue with her. " "People obviously don't welcome me. What should I do? You can leave if you want. I'm not going. I reached for my boyfriend's car keys. He doesn't have a car. I'll drive mine this time. My boyfriend didn't move for a long time, so he asked the girl to come and apologize to me. The other three boys also asked the girl to apologize to me. The girl is always unwilling to compromise. My boyfriend sighed irritably and said to me, "well, I won't go either." Let's go. " Unexpectedly, her boyfriend's voice just fell, and the girl quickly ran over and hugged her boyfriend's arm, pouting and saying, "No, it's not easy for us to make an appointment." Brother lei, you have to go. "Boyfriend forcibly pulls out his arm:" Then you apologize to my girlfriend! The girl held her breath for a while, then took her boyfriend's arm and said, "Can't it be just the five of us? Take her next time ~ ""Then go and play by yourselves. " My boyfriend took me away. The girl caught up with me again and said to me, "I'm sorry, I was wrong." I shouldn't have said that about you. Let's go and play together. " The boyfriend stopped and his face softened. The other three boys also advised me not to be angry, saying that Rongrong was spoiled by them and told me to leave her alone. Actually, I really don't want to go, but I think my boyfriend has been looking forward to this trip for a long time, and I can't bear to spoil his fun. My boyfriend stuck it in my ear and coaxed me: "I know she is very annoying, but she is Qiang Ge's girlfriend and has been friends with us for many years." It's hard to get rid of her. Everyone else is fine. Let's ignore her. Besides, it's a pity that you don't go. " I was hesitating when my boyfriend pushed me into the car. Before getting on the bus, I heard a boy say, "Lei Zi, this new car is really handsome! After getting into the car, my boyfriend smiled and scratched his head shyly: "Baby, do you mind if I use your car to save face?" "I didn't speak, the sun was shining outside the window, only my boyfriend and I were in the car, and my boyfriend was singing happily. For social animals who have been working hard, it is really hard to get a chance to go out and play. I have been looking forward to this trip for a long time. But really on the road, I don't know why, my heart has been in a panic. (2) Except me, my boyfriend and others are college classmates. The other three boys are boyfriends' college roommates, named A, B and Qiang Ge respectively. Qiang Ge's girlfriend Rong Rong is in their class. Boyfriend said that their five universities often play together and have a very good relationship. The configuration of these four men and one woman is very idol drama. As the only opposite sex, that Rong Rong is probably a group pet in this small group, so she is so resistant to my joining. I can't help thinking of Zhang Xiuqing Rong Rong's face. Although she has a bad personality, I have to admit that she has a very pleasing face. Thinking like this, I couldn't help feeling inferior and asked my boyfriend if he had a secret crush on Rong Rong before. The boyfriend said, "How is it possible!" "How is it possible that there is no pure friendship between men and women, otherwise what are you doing around her for so long?" "Who is around her? She is obviously with us. " Boyfriend sneer at a track, "she is green tea, even if I am blind, I won't like her." I was shocked by my boyfriend's directness, but I was glad that my boyfriend could identify green tea, and at the same time I was a little embarrassed. Along the way, everyone got familiar with a lot. Except Rong Rong, the other three boys were gentlemen, and my boyfriend took care of me. At first, the unhappiness dissipated a lot. At noon, we chose a picnic, and the boys were responsible for cooking. I had nothing to do, so I took my camera to take pictures of the surrounding scenery. When I was taking pictures, I accidentally photographed Rong Rong squatting by the stream. She was holding a small wooden stick with a poker face and stirring unconsciously in the stream. Behind her are busy boys, who are busy happily together. Everyone's face is full of smiles, which is in sharp contrast with her poker face. I was wondering why she was unhappy and suddenly looked up at me. Embarrassed, I raised my camera and said, "You just squatted by the stream. I took a picture of you. Would you like to have a look? " "I'm just being polite, thinking that she hates me so much that she shouldn't come. I didn't expect her to get up and walk towards me. I have to