Official document comment model essay 1
In order to accelerate the transformation of government functions, encourage and guide social investment, and improve the supply capacity and efficiency of public goods and services, According to the Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Innovating the Investment and Financing Mechanism in Key Areas to Encourage Social Investment (Guo Fa [20 _] No.60) and the Notice of General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Guiding Opinions of the People's Bank of the Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Finance on Promoting the Cooperation Mode of Government and Social Capital in Public Services (Guo Ban Fa [20] PrivatePartnership (hereinafter referred to as "PPP"), we hereby put forward the following implementation opinions on promoting the cooperation mode of government and social capital in this Municipality:
I. Basic principles
(1) change functions and cooperate on an equal footing.
Firmly establish the concept of equal cooperation, clarify the boundary between the government and the market, and promote the division of labor and cooperation between the government and social capital. The government is responsible for policy formulation, development planning, market supervision and guidance services, and social capital undertakes project construction, operation and maintenance. The government has changed from a direct provider of public goods to a collaborator of social capital and a supervisor of PPP projects.
(2) Risk sharing and benefit sharing.
Reasonable distribution of risks, in principle, the commercial risks such as project design, construction and operation are borne by social capital, the risks of legal policy adjustment and minimum demand are borne by the government, and the risks of force majeure such as natural disasters are shared by both parties. On the premise of satisfying public welfare functions or services, a reasonable return on investment mechanism should be established by granting franchise rights, verifying prices and charging standards and reasonable financial subsidies. To strengthen project cost monitoring, we should not only fully mobilize the enthusiasm of social capital, but also prevent unreasonable profit-seeking or interest transfer.
(3) law-abiding, open and transparent
Establish the concept of contract, adhere to mutual benefit and strictly perform the contract. Incorporate the cooperation between government and social capital into the legal track, establish and improve the institutional system, protect the legitimate rights and interests of all parties involved, clarify the requirements of life cycle management, and ensure the standardized implementation of the project. Implement sunshine operation, and improve the system design in terms of project selection, scheme audit, partner determination, price management, exit mechanism and performance evaluation. To ensure scientific decision-making, standardized procedures, open processes and clear responsibilities in project implementation. Fully disclose the important information of government and social capital cooperation projects in accordance with the law, protect the public's right to know, and form effective supervision and restraint on all parties involved.
(4) Scientific evaluation and public interest
When selecting a project, we should fully evaluate and demonstrate it, and make a comparative analysis with the traditional government direct construction operation mode, so as to ensure that after adopting PPP mode, the government's policy objectives, social objectives, operational efficiency and technological progress of social capital can be organically combined, which can obviously improve service quality and efficiency, reduce project cost or user cost, promote competition and innovation of social capital, and maximize public interests.
(5) Ability demonstration, do what you can.
For projects that are funded, paid or provided with financial subsidies by the government and bear contingent expenditure responsibilities, the financial affordability should be carefully demonstrated. When defining the project income and risk sharing mechanism, we should comprehensively consider the government's risk transfer intention, payment method and market risk management ability, and do what we can to reduce the unnecessary financial burden of the government.
(six) the pilot first, steady progress.
Encourage industry authorities to adjust measures to local conditions and explore models that meet the characteristics of the industry. Give priority to some projects with transparent pricing mechanism, relatively large investment scale, flexible price adjustment mechanism, relatively high degree of marketization, long-term stable demand and certain cash flow, and gradually and comprehensively promote them on the basis of summing up the pilot experience.
Second, the basic framework
(1) Scope of application
The PPP model is mainly applicable to public services and infrastructure projects that are responsible by the government and suitable for market-oriented operation. Among them, energy, transportation, water conservancy, environmental protection, municipal engineering and other infrastructure and public utilities franchise projects, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this Municipality.
(2) Mode of operation
1. The government can grant franchise rights to newly-built business projects with clear charging basis and full coverage of investment costs, and adopt the modes of construction-operation-transfer, construction-ownership-operation-transfer, etc., and actively promote the gradual franchising of natural monopoly industries.
2. For newly-built quasi-operating projects, if the user's payment is not enough to cover the investment cost, and part of the funds or resources need government subsidies, the modes of construction-operation-transfer, construction-ownership-operation can be adopted. Through the government to grant franchise, increase some subsidies or direct investment in shares and other measures.
3. For the completed infrastructure or existing public services, according to the actual situation of the project, we can adopt entrusted operation, handover-operation-handover, reconstruction-operation-handover, management contracting and other modes.
Encourage infrastructure and public utilities to pilot projects, encourage newly started projects and completed projects to advance simultaneously, and encourage innovation in the operation mode of PPP projects.
(3) Implementation procedures
Relevant industry authorities are responsible for the promotion of PPP projects. The competent department of industry is responsible for the preliminary demonstration and implementation plan preparation of PPP projects, and the relevant expenses are included in the annual budget. The development and reform department and the financial department take the lead, in conjunction with housing and urban and rural construction management, land and resources planning, environmental protection and industry authorities. According to their respective responsibilities, conduct a joint preliminary examination of the implementation plan, in which: the development and reform department takes the lead in reviewing the industry access and feasibility of the project; The financial department takes the lead in value-for-money evaluation and financial affordability demonstration of the project. The government at the same level reviews the implementation plan of PPP project. After the implementation plan of PPP project is approved, the competent department of industry or the unit authorized by the government is responsible for partner selection, project contract signing, project implementation, process supervision and project acceptance.
(4) Implementation plan
The implementation plan of PPP project mainly includes: partner selection method, project investment plan and financing plan, pre-project work, construction and operation method, capital investment method, return on income, project handover, force majeure and legal change, contract cancellation, liability for breach of contract, dispute settlement method, and other matters that all parties think should be agreed. At the same time, the implementation plan should clarify the core issues such as economic and technical indicators, business service standards, investment budget composition, investment return mode, price mechanism and financial subsidies.
(5) Partner selection
After the implementation plan of PPP project is examined and approved, the professional qualification, technical ability, management experience and management ability of the project partners will be comprehensively evaluated by the competent department of the industry or the unit authorized by the government in accordance with the Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Procurement Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the relevant provisions, in accordance with the principle of "openness, fairness, impartiality, merit-based and high efficiency".
(6) Responsibility for performance.
The PPP project contract is signed by the competent department of the industry or the unit authorized by the government and the partner. By the competent department of industry or government authorized units in conjunction with the relevant departments, according to the characteristics of the industry, study and put forward the contract model. Model contracts refer to the Guiding Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission on Cooperation between Government and Social Capital (No.2724 of the National Development and Reform Commission), the General Contract Guide for Cooperation Projects between Government and Social Capital (version 20 _), and the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Printing and Distributing the Operation Guide for Cooperation Mode between Government and Social Capital (for Trial Implementation) (Jin Cai [20 _] 65438).
(vii) Return mechanism
PPP model is a life-cycle cooperative relationship established in the fields of infrastructure and public services, and social capital obtains a reasonable return on investment through user fees and necessary government subsidies. The return mechanism follows the principles of reasonable income sharing, reasonable risk sharing and practical consideration of reasonable income of social capital.
(VIII) Price mechanism
In accordance with the principle of "cost compensation, reasonable income, resource conservation and social affordability", strengthen the supervision and examination of investment and service costs. Actively promote the price reform in the field of public services and speed up the rationalization of the price mechanism of public services. According to the results of project operation and performance evaluation, improve the price adjustment mechanism of public services. Industry authorities should speed up the formulation of industry cost regulations, continuously strengthen management, clearly define the content, standards and scope of enterprise cost expenditure, and rationalize the working mechanism and assessment procedures of cost regulations. Improve the cost supervision and examination system, further clarify the composition items, verification methods and standards of pricing costs in various fields, improve the systems and procedures of pricing, price adjustment supervision and examination and regular supervision and examination, timely disclose information such as cost changes and public service quality in project operation, and improve the transparency of pricing and price adjustment.
(9) Supervision system
The competent department of industry shall formulate industrial technical standards and specifications for public goods or services in different fields, and strengthen the quality supervision of public goods or services. Establish a life-cycle performance management mechanism that sets performance goals in advance, tracks performance during the event, and evaluates performance afterwards. In accordance with the requirements of honesty and trustworthiness, strengthen the construction of credit system, strengthen the self-discipline of social capital, establish an independent, transparent, responsible and professional PPP project supervision system, and form a supervision mechanism involving government supervision departments, investors and the public.
(10) exit mechanism
Establish the concept of equal consultation, share the project risks reasonably according to the principle of equal rights and responsibilities, and improve the dispute resolution and risk prevention mechanism. When designing the terms of the contract, it is necessary to clarify the key contents and exit paths such as exit arrangement, emergency and temporary takeover plan. If the project is terminated in advance due to force majeure or breach of contract, the competent department of industry or relevant units shall take over in time to ensure the continuous operation of the project facilities and ensure that the public interests are not infringed. If one party constitutes a breach of contract, the breaching party shall bear the liability for breach of contract. After the project cooperation, the competent department of industry or relevant units should take over the work and properly handle the related matters such as asset handover.
Third, safeguard measures.
(A) the establishment of PPP project coordination and promotion mechanism
Led by the development and reform, financial departments, in conjunction with the housing and urban construction management, land and resources planning, environmental protection, industry and other departments. Establish a coordinated promotion mechanism for PPP projects, ensure that all policies and measures are put in place, and ensure the smooth progress of PPP projects in this city. According to the characteristics of "two levels of government and hierarchical management" in this city, each region can formulate its own PPP project management measures in light of local conditions. Municipal industry authorities should supervise PPP projects before, during and after the event according to their respective functions, and do a good job in guiding various regions.
(B) Supporting measures to standardize PPP projects
Accelerate the establishment of a supporting system for promoting PPP projects in this Municipality, and timely study and issue supporting documents such as operating rules, performance evaluation management methods and project operation, supervision and exit management methods in this Municipality according to the actual situation, strengthen project risk control, and ensure the standardized and orderly operation of PPP work. Implement a diversified land supply policy to ensure the construction land of PPP projects. For projects that meet the catalogue of allocated land, land can be provided according to the allocation method, and the allocated land shall not change the land use.
(c) Innovative financial support policies for public-private partnership projects
Actively carry out research on diversification of construction funds and innovate financial services. All financial institutions should give full play to their policy functions, improve the level of financial services and provide financial support for PPP projects. In accordance with the principle of market-oriented operation, specialized cooperative institutions are introduced to attract social capital such as social security funds and insurance funds to participate in PPP project construction. Support PPP projects to use debt financing tools such as corporate bonds, project income bonds, corporate bonds and medium-term notes to raise construction funds. Innovate credit services, study and develop innovative loan businesses such as charging rights, franchise rights, expected income from government purchase service agreements, and pledge loans for collective land contractual management rights, and guide financial institutions to increase credit support for social capital to participate in projects.
(4) Strengthen the capacity building of PPP project implementation.
Pay attention to the training and introduction of high-level professionals in PPP project implementation, do a good job in theoretical research and case analysis of PPP mode, organize various PPP project business training, and guide government departments and relevant personnel of enterprises to familiarize themselves with the whole process management points such as operation mode, operation process and risk prevention and control of PPP projects. Introduce third-party forces, actively purchase intermediary services such as consulting, law and accounting, and strengthen the capacity building of PPP projects in this city. Actively build an information platform, build a PPP project repository and expert database, and improve the implementation level of PPP projects. At the same time, relying on the construction of the municipal public credit information service platform, a credit list system for PPP projects will be established to record the untrustworthy behaviors of relevant units and individuals during the implementation of PPP projects and announce them to the public, thus forming a good environment for promoting the PPP model.
Carrying out PPP is an important measure to innovate the investment and financing mechanism in key areas, which plays an important role in stabilizing growth, promoting reform, restructuring, benefiting people's livelihood and preventing risks. All regions, departments and units should proceed from the overall situation, further raise awareness, strengthen organizational leadership, improve working mechanism, earnestly perform their duties, do a good job in overall planning, comprehensive coordination and implementation of PPP projects, and give play to the key role of investment in economic growth. The Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Municipal Finance Bureau shall, jointly with relevant departments, strengthen supervision, inspection and follow-up analysis on the implementation of this opinion, and report major issues to the municipal government in a timely manner.
Official document viewpoint model essay II
In order to implement the spirit of the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the relevant requirements such as Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of the Aged Care Service (Guo Fa [2013] No.35) and Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Combination of Medical and Health Care and Aged Care Services (forwarded by Guo Ban Fa [20 _] No.84), we should actively respond to the aging population and vigorously promote finance.
First, fully understand the significance of doing a good job in financial services in the field of old-age care
(1) Accelerating the development of the aged care service industry requires innovative financial services. At present, China has entered the rapid development stage of population aging. Developing the service industry for the aged and strengthening the construction of the social service system for the aged are the important contents of actively coping with the aging population and promoting the structural reform of the supply side, the only way to adapt to the transformation of the traditional old-age care model and meet the growing demand for old-age care services of the people, and the urgent task of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Based on the national conditions, we should correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market, speed up the establishment of a social pension service system, and urgently demand the improvement and innovation of financial services, increase financial support, widely mobilize social capital to participate, increase social pension wealth reserves, enhance the ability to pay for pension services, and ensure the smooth realization of the strategic goal of "providing for the elderly".
(2) Doing a good job in financial services for the aged is an inherent requirement for the transformation and upgrading of the financial industry itself. Under the trend of financial marketization, internationalization and diversification, the traditional business and development model of financial institutions are facing challenges, and the financial industry has entered an important stage of transformation and upgrading. Strengthening financial support to effectively meet the fast-growing development of the aged care service industry and the demand for financial services in the aged care field is an important means to increase the medium and long-term capital supply in the capital market, promote the development of the financial market and optimize the financial structure, an important opportunity for financial institutions to expand new business, and an important way to transform and upgrade the financial industry. All financial institutions should enhance their strategic awareness, speed up the business development planning and market layout in the field of old-age care, strive to improve and enhance the level of financial services, and realize the benign interaction between supporting the old-age care service industry and its own transformation and development.
Second, the overall requirements
(3) guiding ideology. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on actively responding to the aging population and accelerating the development of the aged care service industry, starting from meeting the growing demand for multi-level and diversified financial services in the aged care field and aiming at improving the allocation efficiency of financial resources in the aged care service industry, we will coordinate all kinds of financial resources, continue to promote reform and innovation, establish and improve financial organizations, products, services and policy systems conducive to the accelerated development of the aged care service industry, and effectively improve and enhance the level of financial services in the aged care field.
(4) Basic principles. First, adhere to market dominance and policy support. Guided by marketization and government support, on the premise of realizing business sustainability, we will improve the incentive and restraint mechanism and promote the allocation and inclination of financial resources to the field of aged care services. The second is to adhere to local conditions and classify services. Based on the development of regional pension service industry and the actual needs of residents, we will actively explore and innovate financial products and service methods corresponding to different forms of pension services such as home pension, community pension and institutional pension, and provide targeted financial services. Third, insist on highlighting key points and paying attention to actual results. Strengthen the connection between financial support and various planning policies for the development of the aged care service industry, focus on meeting the needs of "providing for the elderly", promoting the combination of medical care and nursing, and building a socialized aged care service system, increase financial support, break down institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict financial services, and strive to seek breakthroughs in key areas.
(5) development goals. By 2025, a financial service system with wide coverage, complete types, full functions, efficient service, safety and stability, adapting to the aging process of China's population and meeting the requirements of a well-off society will be basically established. The financial institutions that promote the development of the aged care service industry are more multi-layered, the products and services are more diversified, and the ability and level of financial support for the aged care service industry and meeting the needs of residents for the aged are significantly improved.
Official document viewpoint model essay 3
_ _ _ is a graduate of our department _ _, with positive thoughts, abiding by school rules and regulations, respecting teachers and uniting with classmates; Study hard, get excellent/good/qualified grades, get _ _ _ _ certificate, and master certain professional knowledge and skills; During my school days, I held the positions of _ _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _, ……. Have initiative, organization, coordination and teamwork spirit; Good life style and good moral quality. The student has won _ _ _ and other awards, and is a university graduate with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique.
Agree to recommend employment.
September 4 10
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