In this paper, the construction technology and standard of curtain wall engineering, the material requirements of glass curtain wall, stone curtain wall and metal curtain wall, the main machines and tools used in construction, working conditions, construction technology, acceptance and safety measures are comprehensively expounded.
1, scope of application:
The glass curtain wall project in this section is applicable to the hidden frame glass curtain wall with a building height of less than 150m and a seismic fortification crack of less than 8 degrees, and the supporting glass curtain wall projects of semi-hidden frame glass curtain wall, open frame glass curtain wall and all-glass curtain wall; Stone curtain wall engineering is suitable for stone curtain wall installation engineering with building height not exceeding 150m and seismic fortification crack not exceeding 8 degrees; The metal curtain wall project is suitable for the metal curtain wall project with the building height not exceeding 150m.
2, material requirements:
According to the different types of building curtain walls, all kinds of materials should meet the design requirements, and at the same time, the material selection requirements in the current national exhibition hall specifications should be strictly implemented.
2. 1 Material requirements for glass curtain wall
2. 1. 1 metal: aluminum alloy extruded profiles and plates shall meet the requirements of this specification.
Carbon steel: profiles and plates conform to JISG3 13 1, and fasteners conform to JISG3 10 1.
Stainless steel: fasteners shall conform to JISG4304, profiles and plates shall conform to JISG4305 specification 2. 1.2 Sealants: all kinds of sealants shall be determined and marked according to the design. The structural bonding material used for hidden frame and semi-hidden frame curtain wall must be neutral silicone structural sealant, and its performance must comply with the provisions of GB 16766 "Silicone Structural Sealant for Building"; Silicone structural sealant must be used within the validity period.
2. 1.3 Except stainless steel, all metal materials used for curtain wall should be treated with anti-corrosion treatment (such as anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy surface).
2. 1.4 The materials on the curtain wall shall comply with the relevant quality regulations of the country or industry, with the factory certificate attached, and meet the requirements of incombustible materials or flame retardant materials.
2. 1.5 The sealing materials (such as sealing strips and sealants) used on the curtain wall should be water-resistant, solvent-resistant, aging-resistant, elastic at low temperature and low in air permeability.
2. 1.5. 1 Structural silicone sealants shall have a compatibility test report of the materials in contact with it, and shall have a quality guarantee. The structural bonding material used for concealed frame and semi-concealed frame curtain wall must be neutral silicone structural sealant, and its performance must comply with the provisions of "Silicone Structural Sealant for Building" GB 16776; Silicone structural sealant must be used within the validity period.
2. 1.6 between the main structure and components of glass curtain wall, heat-resistant hard organic material gasket should be adopted. Rubber washers should be used as connectors between columns and beams.
2. 1.7 glass curtain wall shall meet the following requirements:
2. 1.7. 1 Safety glass should be used for curtain wall, and the variety, specification, color, optical performance and installation direction of the glass should meet the design requirements.
2. 1.7.2 The thickness of curtain wall glass should not be less than 6.0mm, and the thickness of all-glass curtain wall glass should not be less than 12mm.
2. 1.7.3 The insulating glass in the curtain wall shall be sealed with double channels.
2. 1.7.4 Dry-processed polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film should be used for laminated glass of curtain wall. The thickness of laminated glass (PVB) of point-supported glass curtain wall should not be less than 0.76 mm. ..
2. 1.7.5 The surface of tempered glass shall not be damaged; Tempered glass below 8.0mm should be detonated.
2. 1.7.6 All curtain wall glasses shall be edge treated.
2. 1.8 The material and model of rubber strip around the glass should meet the design requirements, and the inlay should be smooth. The length of rubber strip should be longer than the groove on the frame 1.5%-2.0%. Rubber strip should be tilted off at the corner, firmly bonded with adhesive and embedded in the groove.
2. 1.9 All-glass curtain wall with a height exceeding 4m should be hung on the main structure, and the hanging fixture should meet the design requirements. Gaps between glass and glass ribs should be tightly filled with silicone structural adhesive.
2.2 Stone curtain wall material requirements:
2.2. 1 The varieties, specifications, properties and grades of materials used in stone curtain wall engineering should meet the design requirements and the current national product standards and engineering technical specifications. The bending strength of stone should not be less than 8.0Mpa；; Water absorption should be less than 0.8%. The thickness of aluminum alloy pendant for stone curtain wall shall be not less than 4.0mm, and the thickness of stainless steel pendant shall be not less than 3.0 mm. The stone material shall be uniform in thickness, crack-free, uniform in color and free from other quality defects. In order to reduce the external pollution to the facing, the selected stone materials should be generally protected.
2.2.2 Anti-corrosion treatment of metal frames and connectors shall meet the design requirements. The surface of aluminum alloy profile skeleton must be anodized, the steel skeleton must be galvanized for corrosion protection, and the engineering welding place must be derusted again. The special part of the project is stainless steel skeleton. news.stonebuy.com
2.2.3 Anchorage: Its bearing capacity must be determined by field pull-out test.
2.2.4 Metal pendants: There are two kinds of pendants: stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Pendants should have good corrosion resistance, and the types of pendants should match the skeleton materials. Different metals cannot be used at the same time to avoid electrochemical corrosion.
2.2.5 The setting of fireproof, thermal insulation and moisture-proof materials for stone curtain wall should meet the design requirements, and the filling should be dense, uniform and consistent in thickness.
2.2.6 isolation measures should be taken for the fire protection layer. The lining plate of fire protection layer shall be made of steel plate with anti-corrosion treatment, and the thickness shall not be less than 1.5mm, and aluminum plate shall not be used. The sealing material of fireproof layer shall be fireproof sealant. The fire protection layer should not be in direct contact with the glass, and a piece of glass should not cross two fire protection zones.
2.2.7 The quantity, specification, location and anticorrosion treatment of various embedded parts connected with the main structure and curtain wall must meet the design requirements.
2.2.8 The connection between the metal frame of curtain wall and the embedded parts of the main structure, the connection between columns and beams, and the installation of curtain wall panels must meet the design requirements, and the installation must be firm.
2.2.9 The wall thickness of aluminum alloy profiles at the joint and hanging place of unit curtain wall should be determined by calculation, and should not be less than 5 mm ..
2.2. The metal frame of10 curtain wall should be connected with the main structure through embedded parts, which should be embedded in the concrete construction of the main structure, and the position of embedded parts should be accurate, and its bearing capacity should be determined through experiments.
2.2. 1 1 column is connected with bolts and angle codes. The bolt diameter should be calculated and should not be less than 10 mm, and insulating gaskets should be used to separate different metal materials when they contact.
2.3 Material requirements of metal curtain wall:
2.3. 1 All kinds of materials and accessories used in the metal curtain wall project shall meet the design requirements and the current national product standards and engineering technical specifications.
2.3.2 The variety, specification, color, luster and installation of metal panels shall meet the design requirements.
2.3.3 The number and position of embedded parts and rear embedded parts on the main structure of metal curtain wall and the drawing force of rear embedded parts must meet the design requirements.
2.3.4 The setting of fireproof, thermal insulation and moisture-proof materials for metal curtain wall shall meet the design requirements, and shall be dense, uniform and consistent in thickness.
2.3.5 Anti-corrosion treatment of metal frames and connectors shall meet the design requirements.
2.3.6 Embedded parts and connectors: embedded parts or rear embedded parts are generally used for skeleton anchorage, and the form of rear embedded parts should meet the design requirements, and the pull-out test should be carried out on site; When the steel plate joint is connected with the heterogeneous skeleton, an organic pad should be placed in the middle to avoid electrochemical corrosion.
2.3.7 The bonding width of silicon adit structural adhesive between concealed frame and semi-concealed frame curtain wall member plate and metal frame shall be calculated under the action of wind load standard value and plate deadweight standard value respectively, and the maximum value shall be taken, and it shall not be less than 7.0 mm ..
2.4 curtain wall engineering should re-examine the following materials and their performance indicators:
2.4. 1 peel strength of aluminum-plastic composite board.
2.4.2 Bending strength of stone: the freezing-thawing resistance of stone in cold areas; Radioactivity of granite for indoor use.
2.4.3 Shore hardness, tensile bond strength under standard conditions and compatibility test of structural adhesive for glass curtain wall; Bonding strength of stone structural adhesive: pollution of stone sealant.
2.5 The structural bonding material used for hidden frame and semi-hidden frame curtain wall must be neutral silicone structural sealant, and its performance must comply with the provisions of GB 16766 "Building Silicone Structural Sealant"; Silicone structural sealant must be used within the validity period.
2.6 Curtain wall and its connectors should have sufficient bearing capacity, stiffness and displacement capacity relative to the main structure. The connection metal angle code of curtain wall frame column should be connected with other connectors by bolts, and anti-loosening measures should be taken.
2.7 The wall thickness of main stress components such as columns and beams shall be determined by calculation, and the wall thickness of aluminum alloy profiles shall not be less than 3.0 mm, and that of steel profiles shall not be less than 3.5 mm. ..
2.8 under the action of the standard value of wind load and the standard value of plate self-weight, the bonding width of silicone structural adhesive between the curtain wall component plate and the metal frame of hidden frame and semi-hidden frame should be calculated separately, and the maximum value should be taken, and it should not be less than 7.0 mm ..
2.9 The sealant for silicon tunnel structure should be fully injected and carried out in a clean room with the temperature of 15℃ ~ 30℃ and the relative humidity greater than 50%. Don't write notes on the website wall.
2. The fire protection of10 curtain wall shall meet the following requirements in addition to the current national standards "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ 16 and "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" GB50045:
1 The thickness and width of the fireproof layer shall be determined according to the fireproof limit of the fireproof material, and a fireproof partition shall be formed at the floor.
2 fire protection layer isolation measures should be taken. The lining plate of fire protection layer should be treated with anti-corrosion treatment, and the thickness should be.
3 The sealing material of the fireproof layer shall be fireproof sealant.
4 The fire protection layer should not be in direct contact with the glass, and a piece of glass should not cross two fire protection zones.
2. 1 1 The quantity, specification, location and anti-corrosion treatment of various embedded parts connected with the main structure and curtain wall must meet the design requirements.
2. 12 The connection between the metal frame of curtain wall and the embedded parts of the main structure, the connection between columns and beams, and the installation of curtain wall panels must meet the design requirements, and the installation must be firm.
2. The wall thickness of13 aluminum alloy profile at the joint of curtain wall and unit hanging place shall be calculated, and shall not be less than 5 mm ..
3. Main machines and tools (tools):
3. 1 Main machines and tools for glass curtain wall engineering (tools):
3. 1. 1 Main machines and tools: electric hammer, electric drill, electric welding machine, aluminum alloy cutting machine, toothless saw, theodolite, etc.
3. 1.2 main tools: riveter, wrench, hammer, guide rule, wire pendant, pliers, square ruler, combined ruler, wallpaper knife, glue gun, etc.
3.2 Main machines and tools (tools) for stone curtain wall engineering:
3.2. 1 Main machines and tools: electric hammer, electric welding machine, profile cutting machine, marble saw and angle grinder.
3.2.2 Main tools: hanging basket, glue applicator, wallpaper knife, etc.
3.3 Main machines and tools for metal curtain wall engineering (tools):
3.3. 1 Main machines and tools: electric welding machine, profile cutter, pistol drill, self-tapping drill, slotting machine, etc.
3.3.2 Main tools: glue gun, screwdriver, wrench, pliers, wallpaper knife, etc.
4. Operating conditions:
4. 1 Before construction, the construction technical director shall make technical disclosure to the construction personnel, and explain the division size and form of embedded fixed support and aluminum alloy skeleton system, and the connection method and requirements of glass and skeleton.
4.2 Construction personnel must be clear about the requirements of drawings before starting construction.
4.3 Scaffolding shall be erected during construction to ensure the safety of scaffolding, and the operating space of construction personnel shall be reserved. Scaffolding should be provided with a safety net to avoid falling objects during curtain wall construction.
4.4 Before curtain wall construction, the main body of the building shall be checked and accepted, and the concrete strength shall meet the design requirements of curtain wall; Curtain wall construction drawing has been completed and approved by all parties; According to the requirements of the construction organization design, personnel, machines and tools, and materials for the early stage of construction have been put in place, and there are enough working faces.
5, construction technology:
A, glass curtain wall construction technology
1, process flow:
Pay-off and positioning → Install columns → Install beams → Install glass → Glue → Clean.
2, the operation process
(1) According to the shape, size and drawing requirements of the glass curtain wall, a connection fixing bracket is set between the aluminum alloy skeleton system and the building structure. When setting out, the upper and lower supports should be on a vertical line to avoid the column at this position being skewed.
(2) Installation and standing. Between the two corners of the fixed bracket, according to the requirements of installation elevation, the column is fixed with stainless steel opposite bolts, and the deviation of the column axis before and after, left and right is not more than 2mm and 3mm respectively. The contact between the bearing angle steel and the aluminum alloy column is isolated by the flexible gasket. After the column is installed and adjusted, it should be fastened in time. When the column is lengthened, it should be connected with a special core tube. There should be a gap between the upper and lower columns, and the width of the gap should not be less than 10m. Its joints should be movable joints to meet the deformation requirements of columns when they expand when heated and contract when cooled.
(3), install the beam. Firstly, determine the elevation position of each beam on the square column. At this position, the beam and column are connected with aluminum angle iron with a thickness of not less than 3mm, and elastic rubber pads are arranged at the contact between the beam and column. The horizontal elevation deviation of two adjacent beams should not be greater than 65438 0 mm. When the width of curtain wall is less than or equal to 35m, the elevation deviation of the beam on the same floor should not be greater than 5mm；; When the curtain wall width is greater than 35m, it should not be greater than 7mm, and the beams on the same floor should be installed from bottom to top. When installing a layer of high beam, it should be checked, adjusted and corrected before fixing.
(4) The installation of glass should be based on the specific type of curtain wall. If the curtain wall glass is coated glass, the coated side should be indoors.
① Concealed frame curtain wall glass: The glass of concealed frame curtain wall is bonded to the aluminum alloy frame with structural adhesive to form a glass unit. The processing of glass components is generally done in the factory with a special glue machine. This can ensure the bonding quality of glass. Due to the influence of environmental conditions on the construction site, it is difficult to guarantee the bonding quality between glass and aluminum alloy frame. After the glass unit is manufactured, the upper edge of the aluminum alloy frame in the unit is hung on the beam, and the other three edges of the aluminum alloy frame are hooked on the column and the beam with special fixing pieces, and there are not less than two fixing pieces on each side of the frame.
② Open-framed glass curtain wall. The glass of open-frame curtain wall is fixed on the beam or column with pressure plate and rubber, and the pressure plate is fixed on the beam or column with bolts. When fixing the glass, the connecting bolts on the pressure plate should be tightened properly, so that the pressure plate will not press the glass too tightly or too loosely. The rubber strip seal between the platen and the glass is tight. A positioning pad is arranged on the cross beam. The distance between the rest point of the pad and the vertical edge of the glass should be 1/4 of the glass width and should not be less than150 mm. The width of the pad should not be greater than the thickness of the supported glass, and the length should not be less than 25mm, which should meet the relevant requirements.
③ Semi-hidden frame curtain wall. Semi-hidden wall curtain wall is hidden in one direction, but open in the other direction. The glass edge in the dark frame direction is fixed with structural adhesive, and the glass edge in the open frame direction is fixed with pressure plates and connecting bolts. The concrete construction methods of hidden frame edge and open frame edge can refer to the glass installation methods of hidden frame curtain wall and open frame curtain wall respectively.
5] Glue coating: The temperature and humidity of glue coating shall meet the requirements of relevant specifications.
[6] Cleaning: After the glass of the glass curtain wall is installed, clean the polluted glass and aluminum profile with neutral detergent and water.
Second, the stone curtain wall construction technology
1, process flow:
Check the position and size of embedded parts → Install embedded parts → Re-measure the position and size of embedded parts → Measure and set out → Draw engineering model drawings → Process metal skeleton → Brush steel structure with antirust paint → Install metal skeleton →
Fire-proof thermal insulation cotton → Acceptance of concealed works → Processing of stone facing → Surface protection of stone →
Stone veneer installation → installation quality inspection → pouring sealing silica gel → curtain wall surface cleaning.
2, operation process:
(1) Installation of embedded parts:
Embedded parts shall be buried during civil construction. Before curtain wall construction, the embedded parts shall be inspected and rechecked according to the datum axis, center line and datum horizontal point of the project. Under normal circumstances, the allowable deviation of position and size is 20 mm. When the position of embedded parts is out of tolerance and cannot be used or leaked, the scheme of selecting expansion bolts should be put forward according to the actual situation, and submitted to the design unit for examination and approval, and the pull-out test should be done on site and recorded.
2 measuring unreeling:
(1) Due to the large allowable error in civil construction and the high precision required in curtain wall construction, it is impossible to rely on the civil horizontal datum line, so it is necessary to carry out retest through the datum axis and leveling points, and make correction and recheck.
(2) Determine the curtain wall positioning line and frame line at the bottom according to the design.
(3) The external angle and internal angle of the curtain wall are measured by theodolite or laser verticality instrument, and the steel wire fixed on the steel bracket is used as the marking control line.
(4) Use a level gauge and a standard steel tape to draw the elevation lines of each layer.
⑤ Determine the center line of each facade.
⑥ The distribution of measurement errors should be controlled during measurement, and the errors should not be accumulated.
⑦ Measuring and setting-out shall be carried out under the condition that the wind force is not greater than Grade 4, and shielding measures shall be taken.
Today all facade decoration projects should be placed in a unified baseline, and pay attention to the construction cooperation.
(3) Installation of metal skeleton
(1) Check the setting-out position according to the construction layout.
(2) Installation of fixed mullion iron.
(3) Install the mullions at both ends of the same facade first, and then pull the line to install the middle mullions in turn.
(4) During construction, lead the horizontal control line to the mullion and conduct horizontal inspection.
⑤ Install the metal beam according to the design size. The beam must be perpendicular to the mullion.
⑥ When welding, finished product protection shall be carried out for the lower and adjacent finished decorative surfaces. Symmetrical welding should be adopted in welding to reduce the deformation caused by welding. After the weld quality is qualified, all solder joints and welds need to be deslagging and antirust, such as brushing antirust paint.
⑦ After the metal skeleton is completed, the next working procedure can only be carried out after the concealed works are inspected by the supervision company.
(4) Installation of fireproof and thermal insulation materials
(1) Qualified materials must be used, among which the factory certificate is required.
(2) There should be no gap between each floor and the slate curtain wall, and a fire partition should be formed with galvanized steel plate and fire-resistant cotton.
(3) In the cold area in the north, the insulation layer should have a waterproof and moisture-proof protective layer, and it should be packed and fixed in a metal skeleton, which should be tight and firm.
(4) When the curtain wall insulation layer is constructed, the insulation layer should be a waterproof and moisture-proof protective layer, so that it can be firmly and reliably packaged and fixed on the metal skeleton.
5] stone veneer installation
(1) Classify the stone veneer transported to the construction site according to the number, check whether the size is accurate and whether there is any damage, lack of stare blankly or corner drop, and transport the stone veneer to the vicinity of the construction site according to the requirements of construction elevation, and pay attention to the reliable placement.
(2) First, carefully install the first leather stone slab at the bottom according to the surface baseline of the curtain wall.
(3) Pay attention to the elevation of each leather metal pendant. The metal pendant should hold the epithelial veneer and leave a gap with the lower leather veneer.
(4) During installation, stone glue should be injected into the pin hole or notch of the decorative plate to ensure the reliable connection between the decorative plate and the pendant.
⑤ When installing, it is advisable to finish the edge of the stone slab around the humanly scaled opening first, so as to avoid installation difficulties.
6. When installing to the elevation of each floor, pay attention to adjust the vertical error, and do not accumulate.
⑦ There should be safety protection measures when handling slate, and the following should be padded when placing it.
[6] The glue joint between the stone slabs is the first waterproof measure for the stone curtain wall, which also makes the stone curtain wall form a whole.
(1) Choose qualified and unexpired weatherproof sealant according to the design requirements. It is best to choose a special sealant for stone with less silicone oil to prevent silicone oil from infiltrating into and polluting the stone surface.
(2) Fill the foam plastic round strip with a convex scraper to ensure the minimum depth and uniformity of the glue joint. The diameter of the foam round bar should be greater than the joint width.
(3) Stickers and adhesive tapes are attached to both sides of the glue joint for protection, so as to avoid the sealant from polluting the surface quality of the slate.
(4) Scrub the slate surface at the gap with special cleaner or oxalic acid.
⑤ Send trained workers to inject glue. Glue injection should be even and not flow. Use a special tool to tick off the joint while injecting glue, so that the sealant is slightly bent and sunken.
⑥ During construction, it should be noted that there should be no leakage of glue to pollute the wall. If there is glue on the wall, it should be wiped off immediately, and the remaining glue should be wiped off with detergent in time.
⑦ Do not inject glue when it is windy and rainy.
A cleaning and protection.
After the construction is completed, remove the adhesive tape paper from the slate surface, clean the stone surface with water and detergent, and wax or brush the protective agent as required.
Third, the metal curtain wall construction technology
1, process flow:
Measuring unreeling → fabrication and installation of anchor pieces → fabrication and installation of skeleton → installation of panel → sealing and bonding → cleaning and cleaning.
2, operation process:
(1), measuring unreeling:
According to the actual situation of the design and construction site, accurately measure and release the perimeter and horizontal and vertical control lines of the curtain wall, and then bounce the center line of the skeleton mullion to the structure according to the design frame size. The survey and setting-out shall be carried out under the weather condition that the wind force is not greater than Grade 4, and windproof measures shall be taken in some cases.
2, anchorage installation:
Curtain wall skeleton anchors should use embedded parts as far as possible, and rear embedded parts should be used when there are no embedded parts. The structural form of embedded parts should meet the design requirements, and the anchor bolts should be pulled out on site, and can only be used after reaching the strength requirements. Anchor generally consists of buried plate and connecting angle code. During construction, accurately mark the position of the built-in parts on the center line of the measured mullion according to the design requirements, then punch holes to fix the embedded parts, lead the center line of the mullion to the embedded parts, then calculate the position of the connection angle code and mark it on the built-in parts with lines. The position of the connection angle code on the same side of the mullion should be tested by line, and there can be no deviation. After the position of the corner code is determined, the corner code shall be welded to the buried plate according to this position, and the width and length of the weld shall meet the design requirements. After welding, the joint should be derusted again and painted with antirust paint twice.
(3), skeleton production and installation:
According to the frame size determined in the construction drawing and the actual situation at the site, the horizontal and vertical materials of the skeleton are laid at the processing site and transported to the site for installation. Before installation, the control line of skeleton skin must be hung according to the design size, and the hanging line must be accurate, and its control quality will directly affect the quality of curtain wall decoration. If the skeleton is made of aluminum alloy profiles, the anchors are generally connected by bolts, and insulating gaskets should be placed between the connectors. The material specifications and quality of bolts shall meet the design requirements and specifications. If the skeleton is made of steel, the connectors can be connected by bolts or welding. The welding quality shall meet the design requirements and specifications, and shall be rusted again.
The quantity, specification, location and anti-corrosion treatment of various embedded parts connected with the main structure and curtain wall must meet the design requirements.
The connection between the metal frame of curtain wall and the embedded parts of the main structure, the connection between columns and beams, and the installation of curtain wall panels must meet the design requirements, and the installation must be firm.
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