Construction project management is a systematic management activity that plans, organizes, controls and coordinates the whole process of construction projects reasonably and efficiently for the purpose of completing construction tasks.
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From the content point of view, construction project management includes writing project proposal, organizing research and design, carrying out related engineering design, and managing the whole process from project construction to completion and production;
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From the link point of view, construction project management includes pre-project decision-making stage, feasibility study stage, design stage, construction stage and operation stage;
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From the main point of view, construction project management involves the construction activities of owners, survey units, design units, supervision units, construction units, suppliers and other parties.
Through the above conceptual characteristics, we can see that the construction project management is a whole process, although it is divided into different management stages, but they are closely related. Therefore, mature project management activities should have the characteristics of overall planning, integration and whole process management. The project manager can fully mobilize all kinds of construction resources, coordinate all construction activities, optimize the design and construction scheme, guard against and deal with all kinds of engineering risks, and finally achieve the established quality, safety, schedule and investment management objectives and complete the project construction.
The development of construction project management in China is relatively late. Since 1980s, it has gone through five stages: introduction, pilot research, summary and popularization, improvement and deepening, and innovation and development. The systematization, marketization and standardization of construction project management have been initially realized.
However, from the perspective of overall planning, integration and whole process management development of project management, although the country began to implement the project supervision system in 1988, the supervision function of project supervision can cover the whole construction process from feasibility study, design, construction to project delivery, and the supervision authority includes quality control, schedule control, investment control and safety control, that is, the whole process management of project construction. However, in the actual development process, the role of project supervision is limited to the quality and safety management in the construction stage. At the same time, no matter in engineering contracting, engineering consulting, engineering insurance and other fields, its management has the characteristics of phased and decentralized management, and the overall project management characteristics of overall planning, integration and whole process have not yet formed.
However, it is worth noting that in recent years, the state has vigorously promoted the modes of general contracting and whole-process engineering consulting management in the field of construction engineering; Encourage and guide insurance forces to participate in engineering construction, give full play to effective risk management services, and promote the practical application of IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance and safety production liability insurance. These policy initiatives and industry development trends show that China's construction project management has begun to change to a mature project management model.
1, general contracting &; Whole process engineering consultation
General project contracting refers to the whole process or several stages of contracting for the survey, design, procurement, construction and trial operation (completion acceptance) of the project entrusted by the owner. The general contractor is fully responsible for the cost, quality, progress, safety and other requirements and objectives of the contracted project, and may subcontract some of the work in the contract to subcontractors, but shall be jointly and severally liable for the work that subcontractors are responsible for.
In this contracting mode, the general contractor can manage the main body of construction activities, construction tasks at various stages and various construction resources as a whole, optimize the allocation, and overcome the contradiction between design, procurement, construction and trial operation in the traditional contracting mode. Practice has proved that the project general contracting management mode is beneficial for the project manager to fully control the project quality, cost, progress and safety, thus shortening the construction period, reducing investment, ensuring quality and improving the overall management level of the project.
From the traditional general contracting to the general contracting, the decentralized phased project management model began to change and develop to the whole process management model, which is in line with the real connotation of modern project management.
Whole-process engineering consulting refers to that the owner entrusts the engineering consulting business to an enterprise in the process of project construction, and the enterprise provides engineering consulting services such as project planning, feasibility study, environmental impact assessment report, engineering investigation, engineering design, engineering supervision, cost consultation and bidding agency.
The "predecessor" of the whole process engineering consulting service also comes from the staged traditional engineering consulting management service. Its essence is to effectively integrate and break through the original consulting services in different links such as survey, design, bidding, supervision, cost and construction, and finally form a comprehensive management service that can provide project managers with consulting services including project establishment, planning, survey, design, bidding, cost, supervision and construction.
It should be noted that the whole process engineering consultation is not a simple list of the original engineering consulting services in each construction link, but an all-round and whole-process consulting service that organically combines all stages.
2.IDI insurance company &; Safety and liability insurance
Engineering insurance is an important risk management system vigorously promoted by the state in the field of construction engineering since 1980s, which mainly includes comprehensive property insurance, engineering quality insurance, production safety insurance, professional liability insurance, engineering guarantee insurance, third party liability insurance and other related insurances. Its insurance compensation function can provide effective compensation guarantee for the losses and damages suffered by related construction activities (owners, contractors and construction workers) including the project itself in the accident, help it resume production and life, and promote the smooth completion of the project.
Of course, the insurance guarantee function of the mature engineering insurance system is not limited to the compensation guarantee after the risk accident, but also includes effective pre-risk prevention and in-process risk management, that is, the whole process risk management service. China's engineering insurance system started late, and for a long time, insurance guarantee services mainly focused on insurance claims. However, in recent years, with the country paying more and more attention to the role of insurance forces in project quality and safety production management, engineering insurance products with full-process risk management services have also been born and developed rapidly.
IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance
IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance is a kind of engineering quality insurance with the potential defects of engineering quality caused by design, materials, construction and other reasons within the warranty scope and warranty period as the insurance target. Its insurance feature is the introduction of quality risk management service (TIS service) covering the whole life cycle of construction projects. TIS service can carry out dynamic quality risk management in the whole process of construction projects from pre-design stage, construction implementation stage to operation management stage.
Safety production liability insurance
Safety production liability insurance refers to the liability insurance that the insured enterprise shall bear the economic compensation liability when a safety production accident occurs negligently in the process of production and operation, resulting in personal injury or death of employees and third parties and property loss of third parties. Like IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance, safety production liability insurance has also launched a brand-new safety production risk management service. Third-party professional safety production risk management service institutions provide effective safety production risk management services covering the whole construction period for project safety production.
Whether it is the TIS quality risk management service of IDI or the safety production risk management service of safety production liability insurance, insurance companies can expand the original insurance guarantee service through it, that is, from post-claim to effective process risk management. For the project manager, the effective control of project quality and safety production can be improved by insuring the corresponding insurance.
In the traditional construction project management, all kinds of management activities are mostly due to different construction links, contents and subjects, showing management defects such as stage independence, lack of contact, inability to make overall management and rational use of resources. Compared with the mature construction project management, the characteristics of this management model are obviously out of line, and the future development direction of project management must be a management model with the characteristics of overall planning, integration and whole process management. This point can also be confirmed by the project management modes and risk management methods such as general contracting, whole process engineering consulting, IDI insurance and safety liability insurance, which have been popularized in recent years.