During the period of 1965- 1978, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources successively completed the regional geological and mineral survey of1:200,000 Jianhe Sheet, Rongjiang Sheet, Zhenyuan Sheet, Sanjiang Sheet, Huitong Sheet and Liping Sheet, and found out the regional strata, structures and main features. 1986 completed1:200,000 regional geochemical scanning; In 2000, the sediment survey of Baishi River and Yuankou Zhanghe River was completed. In 1960s, aeromagnetic survey and gravity survey of1:500,000 were completed.
2. Mineral exploration work
The more formal gold prospecting evaluation in southeastern Guizhou began in the 1930s.
During the period of 1956- 1966, Guizhou geological prospecting team conducted a general survey of gold deposits in eastern Guizhou, and Team 555 of Southwest Geological Bureau submitted a general survey report of Tianzhu, Jinping and Liping (1957). Qiandongnan Team, Tongren Geological Team and Guizhou Geological Bureau Regional Investigation Team also conducted a general survey of gold deposits (65437).
1960- 1997, No.1 Corps and No.6 Corps of Guizhou Nonferrous Geological Exploration Bureau carried out river sediment survey, heavy sand survey, remote sensing interpretation, geological survey and ore occurrence survey in southeastern Guizhou, and delineated more than 100 anomalies of elements such as au, As, Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu and Hg.
1976, Guizhou provincial bureau of geology and mineral resources set up a gold mine geological team (1 17 team) to carry out the general survey and exploration of gold mines in Qiandongnan prefecture again; Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources 103 team, 106 team, geophysical and geochemical exploration team and regional investigation team also conducted general surveys in eastern Guizhou. After more than two years' efforts, more than 10 gold mine origin evaluations have been completed.
In the middle and late 1970s, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources put forward the idea of searching for new types of gold deposits in southeastern Guizhou, among which "altered rock type" gold deposits became one of the main attack types. Although some prospecting clues have been found in the work, the expected results have not been achieved, and the proven reserves of time-pulse gold deposits are few.
In 1980s, the First Corps of Guizhou Nonferrous Geological Prospecting Bureau made a detailed survey of the Jinjing-Tongluoping gold mine in Tianzhu, and delineated the gold resources of 776kg332+333. The Sixth Corps made a detailed survey of Tengtou Gold Mine in Tianzhu, and delineated the gold reserves121b1024.72 kg. Since then, in the past 20 years, the more formal gold prospecting in southeastern Guizhou has almost stopped.
Since 2000, the exploration and development of gold deposits in Qiandongnan Prefecture has been gradually active, and the Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources has also deployed the work of finding new types of gold deposits in Qiandongnan Prefecture, but it lacks large-scale systematic exploration work. Although some new types of gold deposits-broken altered rock type gold deposits have been discovered, there has been no great progress and breakthrough.
There are 45 exploration rights and 32 mining rights in the comprehensive exploration area, including gold exploration right 4 1 and mining right 17. Up to now, the gold mines with a certain scale in Tianzhu-Liping area include Tianzhu Kengtou Mining Area, Tianzhu Jinjing Gold Mining Area, Tianzhu Anjia Gold Mining Area, Jinping Qiu Ping Gold Mining Area, Jinping Barker Gold Mining Area and Tonggu Gold Mining Area. In addition, little progress has been made in gold exploration.
3 Comprehensive research work
1987- 1990 Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources jointly formed a gold research group, which undertook the sub-project "Study on the occurrence law and prospecting target area of gold deposits in the mercury mine belt" and the project "Metallogenic law and prediction of gold deposits in southern Guizhou" of the National Seventh Five-Year Plan.
1994 "Summary Report on the Second Round of Metallogenic Prospecting in Guizhou Province" selected three A-type gold metallogenic prospects in Guizhou Province, which were considered to have the geological background of forming large and super-large gold deposits, and Qiandongnan Prefecture was one of them, and the predicted gold metal resources could reach 198 tons.
From 200/KLOC-0 to 2002, China Geological Survey deployed "Prediction of Geochemical Block Mineral Resources Potential in Western China" and its sub-project "Prediction of Geochemical Block Mineral Resources Potential in Guizhou Province", and delineated three gold geochemical blocks in Guizhou, one of which was "Tianzhu (No.100 19) gold soil in southeastern Guizhou.
In 200 1-2002, Guizhou Geological Survey Institute completed the project of "Research on Remote Sensing Prediction and Methods and Technologies of Copper and Gold Deposits in Southeastern Guizhou" of China Geological Survey, and achieved the following main results: ① Aiming at the difficulty of prospecting in shallow metamorphic and strong coverage areas in Southeastern Guizhou, the remote sensing prospecting experiment was carried out for the first time in Guizhou Province by using the automatic extraction technology of weak mineralization information; ② Three weak mineralization information zones were extracted, and most of the known gold deposits were distributed in the weak mineralization information zones; (3) Systematically interpreted the structure of the whole area, established the remote sensing structure pattern of this area, and proposed for the first time that there are a large number of NW-trending structures in this area; ④ The distribution of gold deposits related to structural alteration is closely related to the structure, and most of them are distributed at the end of faults or at the intersection of annular structures and linear structures; ⑤ The distribution of gold deposits in this area is controlled by nearly east-west structure or concealed structure; ⑥ Establish a remote sensing prospecting model for gold deposits, predict the prospecting prospect and delineate the prospecting target area. It is pointed out that the gold deposit prediction areas in Tianzhu-Tonggu area are distributed at equal intervals, and the width from north to south is about 65438±05km；. The gold prospecting target area in type I gold deposit prediction area is equivalent to the level of the deposit, distributed at equal intervals and about 6km wide from east to west. In the study area, * * * has divided two types of gold prediction areas, one type II prediction area, two types III prediction areas, six gold prospecting targets and one type III copper prediction area.
From 2003 to 2005, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources successively carried out the work of "Geological Investigation and Research of Gold Deposits in East Guizhou" and "Study of Mineral Geological Background in East Guizhou". According to the results of these two projects, Qiandong Gold Mine was published in June 2006, and the Tianzhu-Liping gold mine was divided into Tianzhu-Jinping gold mine (ⅴ 1) and Liping.
In 2004, Wang et al. published "Guizhou" on the basis of completing the sub-topic "Formation Law and Four-dimensional Structure of Major Metallogenic Zones (Zones) in China"-the research results of Major Metallogenic Zones (Zones) in China (No.:K1.4-2-1-KLOC-0/9). This belt can be subdivided into three ⅳ metallogenic units, namely: Jiuwandashan tungsten, tin, copper, gold and silver metallogenic belt; Leigongshan antimony, gold, arsenic, lead and zinc metallogenic belt and Li Tianjin gold, crystal, barite and vanadium metallogenic area.
In 2008, the regional geochemical exploration results of Guizhou Province in recent 30 years were collected, and the Geochemical Atlas of Guizhou Province containing 39 elements (or oxides) was published.
In 20 10, the Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences carried out the prediction and evaluation of mineral resources potential in Guizhou Province, and its project "Potential evaluation of midvein gold deposits in Tonggu carbonaceous clastic rocks in Tianzhu-Liping area of Guizhou Province" delineated 1 1 east-west metallogenic prediction zone and 13 northeast metallogenic prediction zone by traditional geological methods. The estimated total resources are 107 104.65 kg, of which14311.55 kg has been proved, and it is predicted that there is still 92793. 1 kg prospecting space for gold resources.
4 Review of previous work
Predecessors have carried out regional geological and mineral survey, geological prospecting and comprehensive study of mining areas, and accumulated a large number of rich geological data, which laid a sufficient foundation for this comprehensive exploration work. Due to the long working time span in the past, the geological data formed are incomplete, unsystematic and inconsistent, the overall work level is low, and there are few deep verification projects. The prospecting effect is still not ideal, but it has left a large space for this comprehensive exploration. The main problems existing in previous work are:
(1) The basic geological work in Tianzhu-Liping area is relatively low: the regional geological surveys in Huitong, Liping and Sanjiang were completed in different periods in Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, and Zhenyuan, Jianhe and Rongjiang were completed before 1966. 1:Only 4 maps have been completed in the 50,000 regional geological survey, and less than 20% of the related maps; The division marks between Qingshuijiang Formation and other strata are unclear, and the structural characteristics are not obvious.
(2) Although the history of gold exploration in Tianzhu-Liping area is long, the overall exploration degree is low and the exploration depth is shallow. Only Tonggu Gold Mine in Jinping County and Song Ge Gold Mine in Qiu Ping, Jinjing Gold Mine, Tongluoping Gold Mine and April Gold Mine in Tianzhu County have reached the level of detailed investigation, and others are all general surveys or pre-surveys; In terms of exploration depth, the maximum drilling depth of Tonggu Gold Mine is 340m, and some drilling holes are obviously smaller than the depth of mineralized layer. The maximum exploration depth of other detailed deposits is 270m (April gold deposit), while the exploration depth of a large number of deposits is limited to the surface and limited depth range, usually not exceeding100 ~ 200 m.
(3) The comprehensive research is weak. Although a lot of work has been done in surface geology, geochemical exploration scanning and remote sensing interpretation, there is a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the main ore-controlling mechanisms, metallogenic mechanisms and mineralization types that may occur in different spaces, and a reasonable prospecting model has not been established.
To sum up, there has been no breakthrough in gold exploration in Tianzhu-Liping area due to relatively low exploration investment, low research level, shallow exploration depth and single exploration method. Up to now, only 1 ~ 2 deposits have reached medium scale, a few are smaller, and most of them are ore occurrences. "The sky is full of stars but the moon is not seen" is still the exploration status of gold deposits in southeastern Guizhou. As long as the investment is increased and comprehensive exploration is carried out by comprehensive methods, it is possible to find large and medium-sized gold deposits and achieve a breakthrough in gold exploration and development in southeastern Guizhou.