mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer
Performance. It is characterized by lobular hyperplasia of breast, but interstitial hyperplasia is not or slightly. ② Cystic hyperplasia of mammary glands: it is a stage of rational hyperplasia of mammary glands. It is characterized by the high expansion of the terminal duct in the lobule of the breast, forming one or more cysts of different sizes. ③ Adenomatous lobular hyperplasia: This period is between simple breast hyperplasia and cystic breast hyperplasia. It is characterized by the proliferation of terminal ducts, acini and fibrous tissues in lobules to varying degrees.
Simple hyperplasia of mammary glands is closely related to menstrual cycle, which is manifested as breast swelling pain, tingling or dull pain about one week before menstrual cycle, which is aggravated with breast activity or upper limb movement, and the pain can radiate to shoulder and back. It can be unilateral breast disease, or both breasts are involved at the same time. It usually relieves or disappears after menstrual cramps. During physical examination, the breast skin temperature can be slightly higher than the normal skin temperature, the breast tenderness is obvious, most of them are accompanied by breast swelling, and flaky and granular nodules can be touched in the breast, which is tough in texture.
Breast pain caused by cystic hyperplasia of mammary glands is not as severe as that caused by simple hyperplasia of mammary glands, but the pain lasts for a long time and its nature is different. Generally, it is characterized by swelling pain, tingling or dull pain, and it is characterized by irregular pain, which may be combined with nipple discharge. The discharge is serous, serum-like or bloody liquid. Physical examination can touch localized or diffuse thickening of breast. There are single or multiple cystic masses of different sizes in the breast, and sometimes there are gravel particles or membranous nodules with clear boundaries, which are not adhered to the skin. The breast of patients with diffuse cystic hyperplasia of breast is tough and nodular.
Adenomatous lobular hyperplasia: it is manifested as breast pain, and the nature of pain is the same as cystic hyperplasia of breast. During physical examination, a localized, tough, rubbery lump can be felt in one or both upper quadrants of the breast, with clear boundaries and pain when touched.
In short, breast hyperplasia has three main characteristics: pain, tenderness and nodules.
2. What are the common symptoms of breast cancer?
Because the breast is located on the body surface, once the lesion occurs, it is usually easy to find. The common clinical signs of breast cancer are as follows: ① Rock-like mass: In ancient China, breast cancer was called milk rock, which means that there is a rugged and rock-hard mass in the breast, which is the first main signal of breast cancer. This lump generally has no tenderness, and it increases obviously in a short time. ② There is "orange peel change" in breast skin: this is another prominent signal of breast cancer. ③ Nipple lesion: A lump located below or near the nipple can make the nipple concave or convex, or deviate to one side, indicating that the nipples on both sides are not on the same horizontal line. ④ Nipple discharge: Pathological nipple discharge refers to non-pregnant unilateral nipple discharge, which is colorless, milky white, yellowish or bloody, and can be watery, serous or purulent, with more or less amount and longer or shorter intervals. Nipple discharge is one of the important symptoms of breast cancer. ⑤ Axillary lymph node enlargement: The breast is rich in lymphatic network, and the lymph node metastasis rate of breast cancer patients is very high, the most common is axillary lymph node, followed by subclavian and supraclavicular lymph nodes.