. It can be said that pension is an important source of income for retirees.
A friend around me asked such a question: Is the current pension related to the length of service?
In fact, for the elderly who retire in 2022, the pension is calculated like this. So, what exactly is this calculation method?
First, the relationship between pension and length of service.
In fact, before China's pensions were "merged", the pensions of retirees in public institutions were indeed linked to the length of service. According to the pension calculation and payment method at that time, if the length of service of retirees in public institutions is above 15, they will be paid at 70% of the basic salary of retirees when they are on the job.
And those who have worked for 10-15 years shall be paid 60% of the basic salary.
For example, Uncle Li's length of service before retirement is 32 years, and his basic salary before retirement is 4,000 yuan. This also means that Uncle Li's pension =4000*70%=2800 yuan.
However, since the implementation of the merger of pensions in China, pensions have been paid according to the new method.
Second, the new method of pension calculation
Taking 2022 as an example, China's pension mainly consists of three parts: personal account pension, basic pension and transitional pension. Among them, the transitional pension mainly solves the historical problems left over from the pension reform process.
. Personal account pension and basic pension are determined by local social average wage, payment index, payment period, payment wage, personal account amount and other factors.
But this does not mean that there is no relationship between seniority and pension. For institutions, basically the length of service and the payment period are similar.
This also means that the longer the length of service, the higher the pension amount.
. For example, Aunt Zhang and Aunt Li in Anhui have worked for 30 and 35 years respectively, and the payment index is 1, while the social average level of 202 1 in Anhui Province is 7 103 yuan.
Then Aunt Zhang's basic pension = 7103 * (1+1)/2 * 30 *1%= 2130.9 yuan, while Aunt Li's basic pension = 7103.
Aunt Li's length of service is five years longer than that of Aunt Zhang, but her monthly basic pension is 355.38+05 yuan more than that of Aunt Zhang.
. However, this situation only exists in public institutions, because there is no deadline for payment in public institutions.
However, for employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, it is possible to pay off the old-age insurance.
There will be a situation that the basic pension of people with low working age is higher than that of people with high working age.
. For example, Uncle Zhu in Beijing has worked for 30 years, but in fact, the pension insurance payment period is only 15 years, and the payment index is only 0.5. The base of Beijing pension 202 1 is 10534 yuan.
Then, Uncle Zhu's basic pension is =10534 * (1+0.5)/2 *15 *1%=1/85.075 yuan. Uncle Wang in Shanghai has only 25 years of service, but the pension insurance payment period is as high as 23 years, and the payment index is 1.
202 1, and the pension base in Shanghai is 10338 yuan.
. Then Uncle Wang's basic pension =10338 * (1+1)/2 * 20 *1%= 2067.6 yuan.
Therefore, whether the amount of pension is linked to the length of service depends on factors such as the number of years of old-age insurance paid by your company and the payment index.
Although starting from this year, China will implement national pension planning, but from the reality, there are still many obstacles to the implementation of this plan.
Third, the resistance of the national pension plan.
The business handling mechanism is the basic guarantee for the operation of the basic old-age insurance system. The design of the handling mechanism should take improving the operation efficiency of the basic old-age insurance system as the basic goal and realize the national overall planning of basic pensions.
At present, China's social security institutions are divided into central and local levels. The local level includes provincial, municipal and county levels. The provincial and municipal levels undertake the dual functions of guidance and handling, and the county level takes handling business as its main function.
Because the overall level of China's basic old-age insurance is limited to the city (county) or provincial level, the agencies in most areas adopt the management system of territorial management, showing a flat structure.
The superior is mainly the leadership and business guidance of policies and regulations to the subordinate, and there is no direct administrative subordinate relationship.
. This decentralized management system makes local institutions confused in staffing, organization name, internal organization, business scope and so on, and the nature and function orientation of institutions are unclear.
In the same area, the division of functions between social security agencies and social security administrative departments is vague, and there is a problem of overlapping. Personnel and wage systems are subordinate to local governments at all levels.
. There is no distinction between "politics" and "affairs", and there is a problem of multi-head management. Stakeholders are intertwined, and the fragmented management system in various places invisibly increases the management difficulty and cost.
In addition, there is a big gap in the informatization capacity building of decentralized social security agencies, and there is a lack of effective connection and resource sharing between information systems, which has caused obstacles to the flow of personnel.
. There may even be a problem that an insured person declares and registers with several agencies respectively, and several agencies charge an insured person separately.
Some institutions and personnel have not yet formed the working concept of "serving the people". When receiving insured individuals and units, they often have a stiff attitude and speak coldly.
There are also problems of passing the buck and kicking the ball between institutions.
At present, the supervision power of endowment insurance fund is in a state of serious division. As a result of the equal participation of administrative organs, legislative organs, judicial organs and social organizations, no department really plays the role of supervision and management.
Decentralization of power makes it impossible to carry out effective accountability, and buck passing and unclear responsibilities also make supervision itself ineffective.
It can be said that "decentralized management and lack of supervision" are the characteristics of China's current basic old-age insurance supervision and management system, and the lack of supervision will further hinder the capacity building of local agencies.
. Obviously, social security institutions with "territorial management and limited capacity" cannot provide an organizational basis for the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance, and "lack of supervision" also sets an invisible obstacle for the national overall planning process.
abstract
From the above analysis, although the pension is merged, the length of service does not seem to be linked to the pension. But for institutions, their length of service and payment period can almost be equated. This also means that the longer the length of service, the higher the pension.
However, for non-public institutions, the amount of pension is still related to factors such as payment period and payment index.
In addition, the current pension insurance system will surely become an important obstacle to the implementation of national pension planning in China. Because in the case of unclear powers and responsibilities, relevant departments will definitely kick each other.