What are the legal countermeasures for environmental protection in China? Find a solution

1, environmental science and technology is the foundation of environmental protection and an important support for building an environment-friendly society. Over the years, the national environmental science and technology work has organized scientific research and technical research around the key work of environmental protection and highlighted environmental problems, which has played an important leading and supporting role in solving major environmental problems, establishing an environmental management system, formulating technical regulations and standards, developing pollution prevention technology, formulating ecological protection countermeasures and measures, promoting the transformation of economic growth mode and building an environment-friendly society, and provided certain scientific, technological and material guarantees for the development of environmental protection. The achievements of a number of national key scientific and technological projects, such as environmental capacity calculation, soil background value calculation, acid rain prevention, lake eutrophication prevention, and solid waste pollution prevention, have laid a scientific and technological foundation for establishing a total amount control system, setting up two control zones, controlling lake eutrophication, promoting clean production, and controlling pollution throughout the process. Environmental science and technology have also played a very important role in dealing with some major environmental pollution incidents. 2. Further improving the ability of environmental science and technology innovation is an urgent requirement to accelerate the historic transformation. At present, environmental protection in China has entered a new period of accelerated development. To do a good job in environmental protection and improve the level of environmental management in this period, we must rely on technological progress; To solve structural, complex and compressible environmental problems, we must rely on independent innovation; To accelerate the historic transformation of environmental protection and realize the leap-forward development of environmental protection work, we must enhance the innovation ability of environmental science and technology. However, the current situation of environmental science and technology can not meet the needs of the development of environmental protection situation, which is manifested in the following aspects: First, environmental management and decision-making lack the working mechanism of relying on science and technology, and many major environmental protection decisions have not been studied and fully demonstrated in the early stage. Second, in recent years, the scientific and technological work of environmental protection system has fallen sharply, with few major research and investigation projects and a serious lack of basic data, and some achievements are out of touch with management, which is difficult to meet the needs of solving complex environmental problems; The environmental protection standard system needs to be improved urgently; The reserve of pollution prevention technology is seriously insufficient, and the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements is low, so it is difficult to form industrialization. The pollution control technology level of enterprises is generally not high and the standards are unstable. Third, the research level of nuclear and radiation safety is low, and the safety review and supervision lack the ability of independent accounting and safety verification, which cannot meet the needs of national nuclear energy development. Fourth, the technical support of environmental monitoring and law enforcement is weak, and the basic ability of monitoring and early warning law enforcement is weak. Fifth, the quality of the scientific and technological team needs to be further improved, and there are few outstanding young and middle-aged scientific and technological talents. Some scientific research institutes have not done scientific research for a long time, and have drifted away from the main battlefield of environmental protection technology. Sixth, the investment in science and technology is seriously insufficient, a stable investment mechanism in environmental science and technology has not been formed, and the basic conditions of scientific research are backward. These problems have become an important restrictive factor for the historical transformation of environmental protection work, and effective measures must be taken to solve them. Second, the guiding ideology and overall goal of environmental science and technology development in the new period. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will conscientiously implement the spirit of the National Science and Technology Conference and the Sixth Environmental Protection Conference, fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating environmental protection through science and technology, adhere to the guiding principle of "independent innovation, leaping over key points, supporting development and leading the future", promote historical changes through scientific and technological innovation, and promote the leap-forward development of environmental protection through scientific and technological progress.

4. Overall goal. By 20 10, through the implementation of three major projects: environmental science and technology innovation, environmental protection standard system construction and environmental protection technology management system construction, major breakthroughs have been made in the key research fields of knowledge innovation, environmental protection technology regulations and standards have basically met the needs of environmental management, environmental technology management system has been initially established, and the ability of science and technology to support and lead environmental protection development has been greatly improved. By 2020, a national environmental science and technology support system with clear levels, clear division of labor, efficient operation and strong support will be established. Third, improve the scientific decision-making mechanism of environmental management and strengthen the basic position of environmental science and technology in environmental protection work. Fifth, establish a scientific decision-making mechanism based on environmental science and technology. Environmental management decisions must be based on science and technology. Environmental protection departments at all levels should fully respect science, knowledge and talents, establish a mechanism for experts to participate in management decision-making, improve management decision-making procedures and improve the scientific nature of management decision-making. Major environmental protection issues, important work and professional decision-making should organize experts to demonstrate the necessity and feasibility, so as not to make decisions without investigation and research, and not to make decisions without scientific argumentation. Forward-looking scientific research and demonstration shall be arranged for major decisions and important matters such as environmental protection laws, regulations, standards, plans, policies and measures, and shall be used as the basis for environmental management decisions. The State Environmental Protection Administration has set up a National Environmental Advisory Committee composed of academicians and other high-level experts and personnel to make suggestions on major national environmental protection policies and put forward suggestions to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Set up a science and technology committee composed of experts from various fields to demonstrate and put forward opinions on major decisions and special issues involving the State Administration of Taxation. Local environmental protection departments at all levels should also take different forms to actively establish expert consultation and employee consultation mechanisms in light of local actual needs. Fourth, implement environmental science and technology innovation projects and build an environmental science and technology innovation platform. 6. Start with solving major environmental problems and break through the technical bottleneck of environmental protection development. Focusing on the implementation of the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006- 2020) and the seven key tasks determined by the the State Council decision, the Eleventh Five-Year Science and Technology Development Plan for National Environmental Protection was formulated and implemented. In accordance with the idea of comprehensively promoting key breakthroughs, we will concentrate on giving priority to research and development in key areas such as drinking water source protection, river basin water pollution control and regional air pollution control, and organize cross-departmental, interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary organizations. 7. Take the innovation research of environmental management system as the guide to lead the development of environmental protection. Efforts should be made to establish and improve the long-term mechanism of environmental protection, highlight the forward-looking research on systems, mechanisms, policies and management systems that are suitable for historical transformation, carry out innovative research on environmental impact assessment system, total pollutant discharge control system and environmental target responsibility system, strengthen relevant basic research on environmental protection laws and regulations, strategies, major plans and environmental supervision system, and integrate existing scientific research achievements and advanced management models to provide scientific and theoretical basis for establishing and improving a new environmental management system.

8. Strengthen the technological innovation of environmental monitoring and early warning to provide technical support for the establishment of advanced environmental monitoring and early warning systems. Vigorously promote the basic research of environmental monitoring, carry out scientific research on environmental monitoring methods, quality control requirements, technical standards and information systems, accelerate the construction of small satellite systems for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting, comprehensively improve China's environmental monitoring and early warning capabilities and emergency monitoring capabilities, and gradually realize large-area, all-weather and all-day dynamic monitoring of environmental pollution and ecological damage, providing technical support for the establishment of advanced environmental monitoring and early warning systems. Five, the implementation of environmental protection standard system construction project, improve the level of environmental protection law enforcement management 9. Taking environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge standards as the core, we will comprehensively promote the work of national and local environmental protection standards. Environmental protection departments at all levels should take meeting environmental quality standards as the starting point and destination of environmental protection work, and strive to link environmental standards with environmental goals; Pollution control work should take the discharge up to standard as the carrier, improve the environmental access threshold and optimize economic development by implementing environmental protection standards. It is necessary to implement the eleventh five-year plan of national environmental protection standards, improve national environmental quality standards, and establish scientific environmental quality evaluation methods; Vigorously carry out the formulation of pollutant discharge standards for heavily polluting industries. Carry out theoretical research on environmental standards and standards. Local environmental protection departments should strengthen the management function of environmental protection standards, carry out the formulation of local environmental protection standards in strict accordance with the law, supervise the implementation of environmental protection standards in their respective jurisdictions, gradually establish a scientific and effective supervision mechanism for the implementation of environmental protection standards, and strictly implement the filing system of local environmental protection standards. Six, the implementation of environmental protection technology management system construction project, guide the development of circular economy and environmental protection industry 10, with the goal of establishing environmental protection technology management system, improve the ability of technological innovation. Establish and improve the national environmental technology management system with technical policies, technical guidelines, technical specifications, technical evaluation, technology promotion and demonstration as the main contents. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the State Administration of Taxation will issue 10 technical policies for pollution control in key industries, a number of technical requirements for pollution control and engineering technical specifications; Publish a white paper on environmental technology development every year, screen the best feasible technologies for pollution control, and publish relevant technical guidelines; Publish the catalogue of environmental protection technologies and equipment encouraged and restricted by the state; Establish a new environmental technology assessment system that combines third-party technology assessment with expert assessment, with third-party assessment as the main factor and expert assessment as the supplement; Strengthen the qualification audit of environmental protection facilities operation and the management of registered environmental engineers, and implement dynamic follow-up assessment. 1 1, pay attention to the promotion and demonstration of new technologies and new processes, and increase the promotion of environmental protection science and technology. Further increase investment and carry out the promotion and demonstration of new technologies and new processes. Targeted selection of advanced and mature environmental protection scientific and technological achievements and practical technologies, promotion and demonstration in environmental protection management projects, and efforts to improve the level of engineering science and technology and construction quality. Strengthen the promotion and popularization of environmental protection scientific and technological achievements, mobilize the enthusiasm of environmental protection scientific research institutes, enterprises, various universities, societies, associations and other organizations to participate in scientific and technological promotion, and extensively carry out environmental protection scientific and technological achievements popularization activities. By 20 10, the General Administration and the Ministry of Science and Technology will build 50 environmental protection science popularization bases. All localities should also build a number of local environmental protection science popularization bases through various channels as an important way to popularize environmental protection technology and improve citizens' environmental quality. 12, to guide the development of high-tech environmental protection and promote the development of environmental protection industry. Focusing on the national environmental protection objectives and the development needs of environmental protection industry, we will actively guide and support enterprises to develop important environmental protection technical equipment and basic equipment with independent intellectual property rights by using the environmental technology management system, and strive to master the core technologies and key technologies of environmental protection. Concentrate on creating a number of dynamic environmental protection industrialization demonstration bases and eco-industrial demonstration bases that embody the concept of circular economy, so as to promote the development of environmental protection industries and promote circular economy. Accelerate the development of environmental protection service industry, promote the marketization of environmental consultation, and give full play to the role of intermediary organizations such as industry associations. Vii. Strengthen the basic capacity building of environmental protection science and technology, enhance the sustainable innovation capacity of environmental protection scientific research institutions 13, and build a national platform for environmental science and technology cooperation and resource information sharing. Environmental protection departments at all levels should fully mobilize all social forces, use all kinds of scientific and technological resources, implement resource integration, complement each other's advantages, join hands with strong forces, form a joint force for our use, and form a good situation in which scientific and technological resources of the whole society serve environmental protection. First, give full play to the disciplinary advantages of the Institute of Environmental Protection Systems and strengthen its function of providing technical support for environmental management; Second, give full play to the advantages of Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities in basic research and human resources, strengthen strategic cooperation and cooperation mechanisms, promote the development of environmental science research, fully mobilize their talents and scientific and technological resources, and promote the training and re-education of environmental protection talents; Third, give full play to the professional and technical advantages of departments, industry research institutes and enterprise scientific and technological personnel, break the rules and regulations and open the door to scientific research; Fourth, strengthen international cooperation in environmental science and technology, actively participate in the study of global environmental issues, and attract global environmental science and technology resources to serve China's environmental protection cause; Fifth, we should give full play to the role of various environmental protection organizations, especially environmental science societies at all levels and environmental protection industry associations in academic discussions and technical exchanges. 14. Strengthen the construction of basic platforms such as key laboratories and engineering technology centers. Formulate and implement special plans for capacity building of key laboratories and engineering technology centers of the State Environmental Protection Administration. According to the technical, professional and regional characteristics of departments, industries and localities, on the basis of existing work, we will strive to build 30 national key environmental protection laboratories and 50 national environmental protection engineering technology centers as basic platforms for scientific research and technological development by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. It is necessary to strengthen communication and docking with departments of science and technology, development and reform, and strive to build large-scale basic scientific and technological projects such as national laboratories, field observation stations and key laboratories, so as to provide material basis for scientific research, technological innovation and field experiments. Provincial environmental protection departments should strengthen the scientific research capacity building of their research institutes and establish provincial key laboratories for environmental research and engineering technology centers.