Under the crater, there are dozens of strange caves, and it is said that there are 72. Some of these caves are like interconnected cobwebs; Some are like wide underground restaurants; Some are like strange castles and palaces. Among these strange caves, Wolong Cave and Xianren Cave are the most spectacular. Wolong Cave is three kilometers long, ten meters wide and seven meters high. You can drive into two big trucks at the same time, which can accommodate more than 10 thousand people. The road in the cave is flat, warm in winter and cool in summer, and the wall of the cave is smooth and shiny. Viewed vertically from the ground, Fairy Cave looks like an artificial arch bridge side by side. There is a hole in the hole. The sun is shining outside and the air is cool. The hanging stone in the cave is breathtaking. The cave walls are covered with coral-like lava and sometimes interspersed with watery lava flows, which makes many geologists feel fresh and interested. After visiting this cave, an American geological expert repeatedly praised: "There are strange caves in the world!" " He said that this is the first time he has seen such a strange cave in basalt area since he engaged in geological survey.
Located in xiuying district, Haikou City, 20 kilometers away from Fucheng, it looks like a saddle. There is a "sea pavilion" on the ridge, from which you can see Qiongzhou Strait and crater, and you can also enjoy the beautiful scenery of Baili litchi garden. Ma 'anling crater is one of the most complete extinct volcanoes in the world, surrounded by more than 30 isolated mountains, all of which are craters or volcanic cones formed by volcanic eruption. The movement of underground magma during volcanic eruption left criss-crossing underground caves here. At present, Ren Xian and Wolong caves are available for sightseeing, and larger caves are still under development. Ma 'anling Volcano-Historical Legend A long time ago, a fairy descended to earth and married a hardworking and simple farmer, Chunteng. The fierce Vulcan of Ma 'anling volcano knew this and locked the fairy in the volcanic cave. Chunteng is determined to put out the fire and save his wife. Chunteng's move touched the Jade Emperor and the immortal, who taught him the magic to deal with Vulcan: the mountain gods built two water tanks from two mountains, pulled out a towering treasure tree and made a pole for Chunteng; Fengshen brings water to the spring vine. Chunteng received two pools and four pools of water. When he came to Ma 'anling, Vulcan found out and put a spell on it, which made Chunteng unable to lift two tanks of water. In his quick wits, Chunteng kicked off the shoulder pole and turned it into a mountain ridge, just pressing it on Vulcan's neck. The other foot kicked through the water tank, and suddenly it was stormy, surrendered to Vulcan and rescued the fairy. Since then, this land has become peaceful and everything has grown. Later, two water tanks became two mountains, which is today's Ma 'anling volcano. Ma 'anling Volcano —— Jet Ma 'anling Volcano gas ejects the cuttings and deep magma in the channel into the sky with great ejection force, forming a tall eruption column. The eruption column can be divided into three areas:
1. Air impact zone: located at the lower part of the eruption column, equivalent to one tenth of the height of the whole eruption column. Because the gas rushes out of the crater with great speed and strength, although the density of ejected rocks and other substances far exceeds the density of the atmosphere, it will also be thrown into the sky. When rising in the volcanic tunnel, the speed of air explosion gradually accelerates. When it ejects the surface and shoots into the sky, its speed gradually decreases due to the pressure of the atmosphere and the consumption of jet energy. Materials washed into the air by the air begin to fall at different heights according to their gravity.
2. Convection zone: located in the upper part of the gas impact zone, it is called convection zone because the gas impact speed of the eruption column slows down, the gas in the gas column diffuses outward, and the gas in the atmosphere is constantly replenished, forming convection of the gas inside and outside the eruption column. Dense matter in this area began to decline. Substances whose density is less than that of the atmosphere continue to rise under the action of atmospheric buoyancy. The height of the gas column in the convection area is relatively large, accounting for about seven tenths of the total height of the eruption column.
Ma 'anling Volcano 3. Diffusion zone: located at the top of the eruption column, where the eruption column and the upper atmospheric pressure are basically balanced. The eruption column keeps rising, and the gas and low-density substances in the column diffuse horizontally, so it is called diffusion zone. The volcanic ash brought into the sky will form a volcanic ash cloud, which can float in the air for a long time, which will have a great impact on the regional climate and even cause disasters. The column height in this area accounts for about two-tenths of the total column height. Underground magma is ejected from the surface through a tubular volcanic passage, which is called central eruption. This is the main form of modern volcanic activity. Penetrating eruption magma penetrates the crust and overflows the surface in a large area, which is called penetrating eruption. This is an ancient way of volcanic activity, which no longer exists in modern times. Some scholars believe that the Archean crust is thin and the underground magma temperature is high, which often causes penetrating magma ejection.
Magma overflows the surface along a huge crack in the earth's crust, which is called fissure eruption. There is no strong explosion phenomenon in this eruption, and the ejecta are mostly basic molten slurry, which often forms a lava platform with a wide coverage after condensation. For example, the Permian Emei Mountain basalt distributed in the border area of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou in southwest China and the Tertiary Hannuoba basalt north of Zhangjiakou in Hebei belong to fissure eruption. Modern fissure eruption is mainly distributed in the mid-ocean ridge at the bottom of the ocean. Only Iceland can see this kind of volcanic eruption on the mainland, so it is also called Icelandic volcano.
During the gestation period of volcanic eruption, due to gas dissolution and earthquake swarm, the degree of cracks in overlying rocks increased and the pressure decreased, while the amount of gas dissolved in magma increased, the volume of magma gradually expanded, the density decreased and the internal pressure increased. When the internal pressure greatly exceeds the external pressure, the gas explodes violently in the fracture density area of overlying rock, which breaks the rock and opens the channel of volcanic eruption. First, the debris is ejected, and then the magma erupts. Ma 'anling Volcano-Natural Climate Ma 'anling Volcano The east coast of Hainan has a mixed climate of tropical ocean and tropical monsoon, with long summer and no winter, and it is humid all year round. The best tourist season is from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year. At this time, the cold wind is bleak in other places, but it is still a sunny and lush summer scene here. The west coast of Hainan is affected by the ocean cold current, and the temperature is lower than that of the east coast. Finally, I need to remind you that although Hainan is very warm, you should bring a sweater when you travel here in winter. Located in xiuying district, Haikou City, 20 kilometers away from Fucheng, it looks like a saddle. There is a "sea pavilion" on the ridge, from which you can see Qiongzhou Strait and crater, and you can also enjoy the beautiful scenery of Baili litchi garden. Ma 'anling crater is one of the most complete extinct volcanoes in the world, surrounded by more than 30 isolated hills, all of which are craters or volcanic cones formed by volcanic eruption. The movement of underground magma during volcanic eruption left criss-crossing underground caves here. At present, Ren Xian and Wolong caves are available for sightseeing, and larger caves are still under development. Ma 'anling Volcano-Volcano Construction Ma 'anling Volcano The geological age of Ma 'anling Volcano eruption is Quaternary Holocene (1-30,000 years ago), which is composed of basalt, volcanic bombs, volcanic beans, volcanic sand and volcanic ash. Among the volcanic groups formed by 36 craters, Ma 'anling crater is the most typical, with an altitude of 222.6 meters, which is the highest peak in Qiongbei, with a diameter of 130 meters. Crater park, the style is extremely spectacular. The unrepeatable volcanic "fairy" landscape of human beings is ingeniously integrated with the "hexagonal honeycomb garden system" carefully designed by architects. When you stroll along the crater garden road and look ahead, there is a heroic spirit that non-heroes can't reach the top of the mountain to lead you up. Step on the 190 stone steps to the platform in the mountain, and then descend the ancient stone steps to the bottom of the cave 69 meters deep, which is the mouth of the volcano eruption point thousands of years ago. Climb to the top of the mountain and look into the distance. Haikou, the provincial capital, is beautiful and spectacular, and the Qiongzhou Strait is full of water and sky. Looking down from the mountain, more than 30 volcanic cones with a height of about 100 meters have become a spectacular volcanic landscape, with litchi, pomegranate, carambola and other fruit trees covered with green mountains. Every time the fruit ripens, red lychee and golden carambola are covered with branches, which makes people linger.
Around Ma 'anling, there are 72 volcanic caves of different sizes. Built at the foot of Crater Park, "Litchi Wine Town" has its own characteristics and elegant environment, and is known as "fairyland on earth". Ma 'anling Volcano-Benefits of Eruption Although the eruption of Ma 'anling Volcano has brought harm, volcanic ash is an excellent natural fertilizer, which contains many nutrients needed by crops. Cuba and Indonesia are rich in sugar cane, and Central America is rich in fruit, all of which are related to the contribution of volcanoes. The greatest wealth of a volcano is its heat source. In areas where volcanic activity occurred not long ago or still exists now, a lot of hot water and hot gas are often hidden underground, which is a very valuable resource. There are dozens of thermal power stations in the world, such as El Salvador in Central America, which use 10 intermittent volcanic thermal energy to build power stations, and the power generation is equivalent to 20 times that of oil power stations in this country. The director of the engineering department of the University of Hawaii once pointed out that a geothermal test well with a depth of 2000 meters was drilled near the Kailai crater in Hawaii. If well water steam is used to generate electricity, it can generate 500 million kWh.
The thermal energy brought by volcanic eruption can not only generate electricity, but also be used for heating. Iceland is located near the Arctic Circle, with a very low annual average temperature. However, due to its location at the junction of the Eurasian plate and the American plate, there are frequent crustal movements, numerous volcanoes and abundant geothermal resources. Iceland's geothermal heating system is the largest and most perfect in the world, and all households in China15 have used volcanic steam to keep warm. The capital Reykjavik uses geothermal heating, which not only saves energy but also reduces environmental pollution. What's even more surprising is that this Nordic country near the Arctic Circle can produce tropical fruit-bananas by relying on greenhouses heated by hot springs! Iceland is not frozen, "four seasons are like spring", which is the credit of volcanoes. Ma 'anling Volcano-Natural Landscape Ma 'anling Volcano has 72 lava caves of different sizes beside the volcano. Built at the foot of Crater Park, "Litchi Wine Town" has its own characteristics and elegant environment, and is known as "fairyland on earth". In the forest of Ma 'anling volcano, Jyukai is vast and beautiful. The sky here is green and the ground is green. Take a deep breath, and you will feel that the air is green, too. Layers of green, deep and shallow, thick and light, staggered and fluttering, together, green is naturally intoxicating. Affectionate sunshine, through the dense shadows of trees, shoots obliquely like golden strings. This forest is like a huge green violin, playing a symphony in harmony with nature with the wind, birds and insects, dancing the melody of life and beautiful hymns everywhere.
When the cool wind flows among the trees, the leaves turn from green to yellow, and then to red and brown, it dances with the autumn wind. Stepping on thick fallen leaves and looking at the fruitful Korean pine, you will admire the autumn harvest. At this time, the big forest has developed a picture of its layer being completely dyed. Looking around, Qiu Shu has red leaves and fragrant wild chrysanthemums. There are geese flying in the sky. In this cool season, let your colorful mood fly, and colorful Wuhua Mountain is calling you to go hiking. Standing on the top of the mountain, let the warm autumn wind blow your long hair, overlooking the mountains, yellow, green and red intertwined, with different shades, distinct layers, poetic and romantic, ups and downs with the autumn wind. This season, the weather is not so hot, and the mountains and rivers are like beautiful girls wearing a colorful skirt. The colorful sky was covered with a faint mist, as if a flower skirt was covered with a wisp of gauze, floating around halfway up the mountain. The air is cool and My Sweetie, without a trace of dust. Deep breathing will make you feel softer and smoother. The autumn night in the big forest is a bit lonely. Through the mottled branches and leaves, the insects can be faintly heard. At this time, you can feel that the crow village is getting quieter and quieter at night.
Snow came quietly from the distant horizon, as gentle as a ballerina in white, pulling her glittering dance skirt and rotating with the beat. She spun freely and inadvertently painted the big forest white with ink. The hazy artistic conception makes people feel excited and happy, less artificial and more casual and natural. The big forest was silent in the snow. A pine tree, a winding mountain road, a cabin in the forest, and an unremarkable mound, after putting on a snow coat and a snow hat, are like ice and snow works of art carved by nature, which makes you full of imagination. Ma 'anling Volcano-Volcano External Traffic Hainan's transportation industry has developed rapidly and has formed a certain scale of three-dimensional operation network of land, sea and air. Aviation Hainan's aviation industry has developed very rapidly. There is Haikou meilan airport in the north and Sanya Phoenix Airport in the south, which is open to 39 large and medium-sized cities at home and abroad. There are also small passenger planes dedicated to passenger transport on the island. Highway Hainan Island's land traffic is mainly by highway, with the mileage exceeding1.4000 km. With "three verticals and four horizontals" as the skeleton, there are trunk lines that go directly to ports, cities and counties, and branch lines that extend to 365 and 438+08 towns and tourist attractions all over the island, forming a criss-crossing traffic network extending in all directions. East and West expressway has been completed and opened to traffic. It takes only four hours from Haikou to Sanya along the eastern expressway. After the central expressway is completed, the time between the two places will be shorter. Railway is not the main traffic in Hainan; Shilu-Basuo and Basuo-Sanya railways are the southernmost railway trunk lines in China, which are mainly used for industrial transportation. On June 7, 2003, the Guangdong-Hainan Railway officially opened to traffic ended Hainan's closed-door history and brought Hainan Island closer to the outside world. Ocean transportation is the main transportation focus in Hainan. There are dozens of ports in the province, of which Haikou, Sanya, Bashu and Yangpu are the largest. Other major ports include: Qinglan, Puqian, Xincun, Baimajing, Boao and Xinying. Haikou and Sanya ports have opened foreign trade routes, and have shipping business with 24 countries and regions in the world, which provides convenience for compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas tourists to travel to Hainan. Terms related to Ma 'anling Volcano: Jingbo Lake Volcano, Aershan Volcano, Tao Zhu Volcano, Longgang Volcano, Broate Peak, Datun Volcano Group, Anna Poorna Peak and Changbai Mountain Volcano Group.