ERP is the abbreviation of enterprise resource planning.
ERP is an enterprise management software aiming at integrating material resource management (logistics), human resource management (people flow), financial resource management (capital flow) and information resource management (information flow). ERP is the abbreviation of enterprise resource planning.
1 of ERP, e (enterprise/enterprise)
The object of ERP management is all businesses of an enterprise, including sales, procurement, production, finance, quality and other businesses, as well as the series connection between these businesses. E (enterprise) here can be understood from the following aspects: enterprise-level software, traditional enterprises, and applications between public service industries and enterprises.
(1) enterprise software
From the perspective of departments, all business departments (sales, procurement, production, planning, finance, personnel, etc. ) ERP software may be used, while other enterprise management software, such as PLM (product life cycle) software, is mainly used by R&D departments; CRM (Customer Management) software is mainly used in sales and marketing departments. MES (Manufacturing Execution) software is mainly used in production workshops, which we can call departmental software.
The difference between ERP software and traditional financial software
Many ERP vendors have rich financial software, but many financial software is not ERP software, and finance is only a part of various functions of ERP software. Financial software takes finance as the core, and the department used is mainly the finance department. A typical difference is whether the software can run MRP. If a software is called ERP software, but it can't even run MRP, it can't be called ERP software, because ERP is developed on the basis of MRP and has a good combination with finance.
(2) Traditional enterprises and public service industries.
E generally only refers to enterprises, namely manufacturing, trading and retail companies. Our familiar ERP customers are basically traditional enterprises, but in fact, not only "enterprises" are using ERP software, but also many non-traditional enterprises (government, institutions, schools, hospitals, etc. ) are applying ERP management business.
(3) Application among enterprises
Enterprise applications include not only the management of internal business, but also the management of business dealings between companies, that is, with suppliers, customers and other partners. This is what we often call collaborative commerce. With the proposal of Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025, collaborative commerce has gradually become an important part of enterprise information construction.
2. Resources of 2.ERP
R means resources. Specifically, the internal resources of an enterprise can be simply summarized as manpower, financial resources and material resources:
Human resources: human resources management such as employees in enterprises;
Financial resources: monetary funds and other financial resources;
Material resources: including raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, fixed assets such as plant equipment and various consumables.
The management object of ERP system is the above resources. Through the use of ERP, the production, procurement and sales processes of enterprises can complete customers' orders in time and with high quality. ERP system gives full play to the role of these resources, and makes decisions to adjust resources according to customer orders and production conditions.
Corresponding to the above three resource objects, the functions of ERP management software can be divided into ten main parts:
Human resource management? Financial management (finance)
Production plan (production plan)
Manufacturing execution (MES) manufacturing execution system
Material management includes all material management, procurement and inventory management systems;
Sales and distribution Sales and distribution management;
Collaborative business collaborative business management;
Quality management quality management and quality control module;
Equipment management equipment and maintenance, maintenance management;
Project Management (project management) project management;
Asset and equipment management module.
3. Director of Enterprise Resource Planning (Planning/Planning)
This is the essence and core that distinguishes ERP from other software: the planned management of "resources"
There are many levels and different criteria for using ERP. The most important point is related to the plan. In terms of subdivision, it is nothing more than three aspects: planning resources beforehand (whether there is a plan), controlling resources in the process (the formation process of the plan), and evaluating resources afterwards (the implementation effect of the plan). Specifically, many functions in the system, such as credit management, batch management and distribution management, need to be planned in advance, controlled in the process and evaluated afterwards. Then the concrete embodiment of plan management is enterprise process management. Through various process execution and data control, employees are forced to perform various tasks as planned, and the execution results are tracked, so as to evaluate the corresponding order and management operation level of the enterprise, and continuously improve management through continuous improvement, which is the same as bookkeeping.
Let's roughly sum up:
So we evaluate whether it is a real ERP system, and judge it by the following indicators:
1, where do the needs and plans come from?
2. Whether the basis and calculation rules for generating the plan are reasonable,
3. Whether the implementation process is standardized,
4. Whether the data is controlled by the system,
5. Whether to improve management through continuous improvement.
Have you noticed that e generally refers only to enterprises, that is, manufacturing, trading and retail companies? This is a big category, and there are many industries under each big category. Every industry has its own characteristics, and the most fatal thing is that companies are large and small, and the management methods in the development stage are not the same. Therefore, it is obviously unrealistic for our ERP system to integrate all these all-inclusive functions into a set of software, so the conventional methods of software companies.