The monitoring of geographical national conditions has the characteristics of diverse contents, strong comprehensiveness and wide coverage. By applying modern surveying and mapping geographic information technology and following the principles of spatialization, quantification and dynamics, the geographical elements such as humanity and nature are monitored. Based on this, this paper mainly studies the monitoring system of geographic national mapping and its application.
With the continuous acceleration of social and economic development, the surface conditions will also change, so the national information will become more complicated. In the process of compiling the national economic development plan, it is necessary to fully understand the national information, and on this basis, point out the direction of the basic policies and guidelines for national development, so that the development strategy can better meet the actual situation of our country. In this regard, in the monitoring of geographical national conditions, it is necessary to scientifically construct the corresponding institutional framework to provide good support and guarantee for practical work. Surveying and mapping technology is an indispensable and important technology in the monitoring of geographical national conditions, such as 3S surveying and mapping technology, aerial photography technology of unmanned aerial vehicle, airship remote sensing technology, geographic information vehicle, etc., which provides strong support for the monitoring of geographical national conditions.
1 Basic overview of geographical location
National conditions refer to the contents of a country, including geography, history, culture, politics, economy, society and many other aspects, that is, the basic situation of the country's material foundation and superstructure. Geographical national conditions have a certain relationship with material, nature, society and industry, and are an important part of national conditions. Investigate and reflect the basic situation of the country's humanistic living environment, natural resources and other related geographical elements from a spatial perspective. Geographical national conditions information not only describes the objective world, but also reflects the relationships among various elements, as well as their phenomena, relationships and changes.
Geographical ethnic information can be divided into perceptual information, statistical information and analytical information. Among them, perceptual information refers to the information initially obtained, which has the characteristics of background and foundation without analysis or simple editing. There is a progressive feature in the information of geographical national conditions, which mainly reflects the corresponding cultural phenomena, social conditions and other information through the analysis and description of physical geographical elements in a certain range. Statistical information enables it to perceive the information after statistical processing, which can reflect the distribution law and mathematical characteristics of geographical phenomena.
2 Geographic national conditions mapping monitoring system framework
In the monitoring of geographical national conditions, it mainly has the characteristics of systematicness, process and comprehensiveness. As a systematic project, geographic national conditions monitoring integrates relevant elements, inputs the collected information of various elements into the system, and outputs the results through statistical analysis. The monitoring of geographical national conditions mainly uses the corresponding organizational system, information science, analysis, statistics, mapping and other methods to understand the geographical phenomena on the surface of the national region and its surrounding areas, and control, predict, evaluate, analyze and describe them, so that the relevant geographical information elements can be expressed intuitively, digitally and completely in time and space. The monitoring of geographical national conditions is essentially a process of collecting, analyzing, describing, evaluating, controlling and predicting basic information. In the process of information input, processing and output, different links need to adopt different methods. Moreover, geographical and ethnic information covers a wide range and involves many majors.
2. 1 natural environment elements
Natural environment elements are the important monitoring objects and one of the most basic contents of geographical national conditions monitoring. Refers to the ecological environment, natural resources and corresponding characteristics in a certain spatial range above and below the surface. Among the natural environment elements, it mainly includes the ecological environment, minerals, vegetation, water system, structures, buildings, land cover, soil, topography, shape, location and area related to land elements.
2.2 Social humanistic elements Social humanistic elements refer to humanistic elements and social composition within a certain range, such as ethnic relations, spatial distribution of humanistic landscape, spatial distribution of population, urbanization process, etc. In the monitoring of geographical national conditions, we should not only obtain the information of natural elements, but also master the social and humanistic information, discover the basic laws of human activities and social development, and then accurately predict and express the present situation and temporal and spatial evolution process of geographical phenomena in a certain range.
2.3 Industrial economic factors
Industrial economic factors, between natural factors and social and humanistic factors, play the role of media and bridge, and are also new products obtained after the integration of the two. Among the industrial economic factors, it mainly includes characteristic industries, industrial development status, productivity layout and industrial structure. According to the relationship between natural factors, social and cultural factors and industrial economic factors, it can be divided into industrial infrastructure, industrial economic structure and other different aspects. Industrial infrastructure is the product of industrial economic factors combined with natural factors, while industrial economic structure is the product of industrial economic factors combined with social and human factors.
3. The main surveying and mapping methods for surveying and mapping monitoring of geographical conditions
3. 1 mapping method
Surveying and mapping methods mainly profit from the basic data of geographical national conditions monitoring, and realize the monitoring requirements by using sampling survey, Internet of Things, lidar, remote sensing images and other technologies. In the monitoring of geographical conditions, we should ensure the efficiency, accuracy and objectivity of data. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism to monitor dynamic geographic data in real time. In the monitoring of geographical national conditions, many factors such as social humanities and industrial economy need to be measured, and different departments have different standards for data calculation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified surveying and mapping standard and realize the effective integration of geographic national conditions data. Using 3S technology, collecting geographic information data through GPS and RS technology, using spectral resolution and spatial resolution technology to obtain higher quality image data, using GIS technology to establish a three-dimensional model, and using high-resolution remote sensing technology to monitor the surface coverage and geographical conditions of geographic data. Finally, the meta-database is established by GIS technology, including responsible units, results accuracy, results verification, quality verification, adjustment editing, field verification data, collection point data, data sources and basic data.
3.2 Statistical analysis methods
Based on the temporal and spatial relationship of data, the data obtained from surveying and mapping should be analyzed by mathematical statistics. Different data have different attributes, so there may be errors in obtaining data. Therefore, data processing should be carried out first to eliminate errors and invalid data caused by measurement or other reasons, and then statistical analysis should be carried out. Using the corresponding mathematical methods to complete the statistical analysis of data, we should pay attention to the temporal and spatial characteristics of time series and space series data processing.
3.3 Evaluation and prediction methods
Based on the existing statistical data, scientifically construct the evaluation index system, apply reasonable evaluation methods, predict various professional geographical elements, and establish relevant early warning mechanisms. Through the application of statistical analysis methods, the present situation of geographical elements is described as a whole, and the monitoring data are evaluated and predicted professionally from the perspective of time and space by using various evaluation and analysis methods. Grasping the development law of natural, social and cultural factors, industrial economy and other factors is helpful to predict possible problems, assist in establishing early warning mechanism, and then control the influence of negative factors.
3.4 Information science methods
The monitoring of geographical national conditions needs the technical support of geographic information science, which is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the work process and the accuracy of the results. Spatial database technology is applied to store massive basic data and achievement data to ensure the validity of data in time and space. Using grid GIS technology to manage the monitoring data of geographical conditions in a unified way. Apply dynamic updating technology to dynamically update and monitor the geographical situation in real time. Using visualization technology to express conceptual data intuitively. Apply data sharing technology to provide accurate geographical and national information for society, enterprises and government.
4. Important achievements in surveying and mapping monitoring of geographical conditions
The monitoring results of geographical national conditions mainly include management system results, data results and other types. Among them, the data results are mainly the stage data of various monitoring work and the final data released to the society. The specific contents include releasing a general map showing the current situation of geographical elements to the society, or releasing a thematic map for professionals to analyze and evaluate problems; Special database for dynamic evaluation and prediction of geographical elements; And the basic database and test report of geographical national conditions monitoring. For the organization of these data, it is necessary to consider the actual use requirements of the data, accurately layer, partition and classify, highlight the key expression objects, and weaken the irrelevant objects.
The achievement of management system is mainly to ensure the quality of data achievement and establish corresponding operation mechanism, management system and management method. The specific contents include the work supervision system and personnel organization system to ensure efficient work; Control mechanism and early warning mechanism to deal with the future development direction and unfavorable factors; Relevant specifications for data prediction, evaluation and analysis; Relevant standards such as data sharing, organization and collection. The monitoring data of geographical national conditions are highly confidential, so it is necessary to establish a data classification system, improve relevant laws, regulations and policies to ensure the safety of key geographic information data.
5 conclusion
Geographical national conditions information is very important information in national construction and development, and has important guiding significance for the formulation of national development policies and strategies. Geographical national conditions monitoring is an important means to obtain geographical national conditions information. In order to ensure efficient and accurate information acquisition, it is necessary to construct the framework of geographical national conditions monitoring system and improve the efficiency and effect of geographical national conditions monitoring by adopting scientific and technological methods.
The above research on monitoring system of surveying and mapping engineering was collected by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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