With the gradual deepening of the reform in the field of national construction and the gradual improvement of construction legislation, the construction supervision system has now become a statutory basic system in the field of engineering construction in China, and supervision plays an important role in engineering construction. How to accomplish the task of engineering supervision through effective work, achieve good supervision effect and serve the owners well is related to the social reputation and image of the supervision unit and the survival and development of the supervision unit, which is a subject that every supervision unit and supervision engineer should pay close attention to and study. Based on the engineering supervision practice of our unit in recent years, this paper talks about some experiences and understandings on several tasks that must be done well in engineering supervision.
1. Improving the quality of project supervisors is the basic prerequisite for doing a good job in supervision.
The quality of supervision service first depends on the comprehensive quality of project supervision team members (especially the quality of the director). According to the complexity of the project and the depth of supervision, it is the primary task of the decision-making level of the supervision unit to choose the right director and match the supervision members. For a perfect on-site engineering supervision organization, supervisors (especially directors) need to be fully familiar with all kinds of contract terms and design documents, at the same time, strengthen their study in all aspects, strive for justice on the basis of honesty and law-abiding, work hard in a scientific direction, constantly improve their own supervision quality, and truly be "skilled, managerial, economical and legal" to be competent for engineering supervision work.
We are in the era of knowledge economy, where new technologies, new processes, new materials and new structures emerge one after another, new laws and regulations are promulgated one after another, technical standards and specifications are constantly revised, and new situations and problems frequently appear in the practice of engineering projects, which requires supervisors to constantly update their knowledge to meet the higher requirements put forward by the development of the times. Only by constantly learning, being familiar with laws and regulations, mastering the latest theoretical knowledge of related disciplines and a series of existing technical standards, norms and procedures related to design, construction, acceptance, materials and testing can supervisors stay abreast of the times, have a basis for law enforcement in the supervision process, reflect the high professional level of supervisors, and convince builders and owners to carry out their work smoothly.
In addition, in order to be in line with international standards, use modern advanced science and technology and advanced experience to manage projects and better develop construction supervision, supervision engineers should also learn and master certain foreign language knowledge and computer technology.
2, pays special attention to the project supervision internal system construction, to provide organizational guarantee for supervision work.
2. 1 Establish and implement the post responsibility system for project supervision.
The supervision of engineering projects is jointly completed by professional groups of different majors and levels. The division of responsibilities among members is the premise of coordinating supervision work and an important guarantee for realizing supervision objectives. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the post responsibility system for project supervision. Through the establishment and implementation of the post responsibility system, within the supervision organization, it is achieved that the division of labor is clear, each carries out its own duties, leaves no gaps, and strengthens the unity and cooperation within the project team on the basis of the division of labor. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a necessary reward and punishment mechanism to link the performance and performance of supervisors with personal economic benefits, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of supervisors. Only in this way can the supervision task be completed cooperatively, efficiently and successfully.
2.2 Establishing and perfecting the project supervision system, perfecting the supervision procedures and standardizing the management system of supervision work are important guarantees for improving the effectiveness of work. In order to do a good job in engineering supervision and make the supervision organization run scientifically, orderly and efficiently, the supervision work must be standardized, institutionalized and programmed. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve relevant systems, and standardize the contents, links, steps, practices and requirements involved in engineering supervision into supervision work systems or supervision procedures (the procedures should be charted as much as possible).
3, correctly handle the relationship between the parties within the project, and create a good environment for the supervision work.
Construction project management is a complex system engineering. As far as the units involved are concerned, there are owners, survey, design, construction, supervision, material and equipment supply, quality supervision, testing center, environmental protection, fire protection and other units. The control of the three goals that the supervision unit is responsible for cannot be separated from the cooperation and support of these units or departments, and the key to the effectiveness of supervision depends to a great extent on whether the supervision unit can cooperate well with these units. Supervisors must deal with the relationship with these units, especially with the owners and construction units.
3. 1 Relationship with the Owner
The relationship between the supervision unit and the owner is the paid technical service relationship between the entrusted and the entrusted. Supervisors should perform their duties in strict accordance with the supervision contract and procedures, and win the trust of the owners with a rigorous and pragmatic work style. First of all, we should respect the owners and their representatives and take the initiative to discuss with them. Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the owner, meet the owner's reasonable requirements for investment, progress and quality, and strive to improve the investment benefit for the owner. In a three-star hotel, the air conditioning system and sanitary water are operated independently by four hot water units, and the transformer is 2×900KvA. However, the owner thought that the investment was too large and asked the designer to make changes, but the designer refused to make changes for various reasons. The owner turned to the supervisor for help, and we organized professionals with rich design experience to conduct detailed accounting according to the specifications and with reference to the average water level of three-star hotels nationwide. We think the owner's request is reasonable. Through friendly negotiation, we persuaded the designer to change the project transformer to 2× B 30 kV, and the hot water units were operated in parallel, saving one unit and nearly one million yuan for the owner. The owner is full of praise for the supervision and thinks it is worth entrusting the supervision.
At the same time, don't give in to the incorrect practices of the owners, don't give in to issues of principle, pay attention to the art of doing things, and exercise reasonable restraint. Pay attention to fairness, don't be the slave of the owner, don't collude with the construction party, do the right thing with the owner and work independently as a third party.
In addition, the progress, quality, existing problems and related matters that need to be handled and coordinated by the owner shall be reported to the owner in a timely manner in the form of monthly supervision report, memorandum and special report.
3.2 Relationship with the Employer
Supervision unit and construction party are the relationship between supervision and supervision. First of all, supervisors should pay attention to equality, respect each other, convince people by reasoning, and solve problems through consultation, and avoid condescending and domineering. We must adhere to principles, act in strict accordance with norms and procedures, stress a scientific attitude, proceed from reality in everything, and don't find fault with everything; It is necessary to combine supervision and help, to combine supervision and help, to serve enthusiastically, to help find ways and ideas in dealing with difficulties and quality defects in construction, and to make the construction party realize that the supervisors are really helping them.
At the same time, we should respect the independence of the construction party and not give orders and impose them on others at will; We should set an example, pay attention to actual results, and promote construction enterprises to improve their management level with their own standardized management; It is necessary to fairly safeguard both the owner and the construction party, and at the same time respect the independence of the construction party, and can not give orders and impose them on others at will; We should set an example, pay attention to actual results, and promote construction enterprises to improve their management level with their own standardized management; It is necessary to fairly safeguard the legitimate interests of both the owner and the construction party.
4. Basic control of supervision, project investment, progress and quality are the keys to good supervision.
4.l Prepare the supervision plan and detailed rules, and carefully organize their implementation.
Supervision planning is a programmatic document guiding the whole process of construction supervision, and it is the basis and foundation for supervision institutions to carry out supervision work in an orderly manner. Supervision planning should grasp the pulse of project operation, have countermeasures for technical difficulties, important parts and key processes, have targeted control measures, and adjust, supplement and improve in time with the progress of the project. On the basis of supervision planning, the director should urge and audit professional supervision engineers to formulate supervision implementation rules or quality pre-control documents, and supervise and inspect the implementation.
4.2 Check the drawings and put forward optimization design suggestions as far as possible.
The quality of drawings is an important factor affecting the smooth realization of the control objectives of engineering projects. Supervisors should be familiar with the drawings carefully, focusing on the fire safety, structural safety, integrity, consistency, enforceability, economic rationality, aesthetics and applicability of the drawings. Carry out structural checking and economic analysis on the security weak links or places that are too conservative and uneconomical in the design, and put forward reasonable suggestions for optimizing the design to the owner for decision-making before construction. At the same time, organize the joint review of the owner, design, construction, quality supervision and supervision, do a good job in design disclosure, make all parties clear their design intentions, unify their understanding, solve the problem of drawing errors and omissions and possible difficulties in construction as soon as possible, avoid or reduce changes in the construction process as much as possible, speed up the project progress and reduce rework losses.
4.3 Carefully review the construction organization design and construction scheme.
Construction organization design is a comprehensive technical and economic document to guide building construction. It reflects the general goal of the contractor in the whole construction process, and also reflects the technical level and quality of the contractor. The director must organize supervisors to review the selection of construction schemes, methods, measures and construction machinery and equipment from the aspects of organization, technology, economy and contract, and strive to adopt advanced technology, make full use of machinery and equipment, comprehensively balance manpower and material resources, and pay attention to the close combination of technology and economy, so as to achieve the control objectives of quality, progress and investment.
4.4 Strictly control the quality of materials and equipment.
The quality control of raw materials and equipment is the basic control of engineering quality. The supervision engineer must ensure the quality of raw materials and equipment. First of all, we should check whether the quality assurance information of materials and equipment meets the requirements and whether the "three certificates" are complete and effective. Secondly, it is necessary to check whether the manufacturer, specification, model, quantity and quality grade of the products are consistent with the inspection report provided by the construction party, and whether the appearance quality meets the requirements of the corresponding technical standards. For important structural raw materials: steel bars, cement, red bricks, etc. It is still necessary to supervise the construction unit to take samples according to the construction specifications and send them to the local engineering quality testing center for re-inspection to ensure the quality of raw materials used in the project, and track and record the use parts of this batch of materials. Once inferior or unqualified materials are found, the construction site shall be removed resolutely to ensure the internal quality of the project.
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