Qingganlong 41 (6-2) "Huoshan County Records" Origin of tribute tea: Lu' an tea is produced in Lu' an and Huoshan, and is also named after Lu' an. Huoweijian County has already received its tribute. The apocalypse was named after Lu 'an village (the real name of the village was 60,000, which was wrongly called Lu 'an). Guhoi Mountain is surrounded by mountains on six sides, which is both wide and spacious (tea production actually floats in Huoergong, not a county) ... Dongshan is the place where tea is born prematurely, and Dongshan belongs to the state. Every year, the government recommends Xinxian tribute, and the rate is that all citizens go to the county to sell it before the rain; Huo Chan learned that he had left the southwest, but it was getting late after the rain and he had to pay tribute, so the proper name of tea was Lu 'an, which was also a documentary. Today, in order to make a detailed description of its location, this fire was clearly seen by the Sixth National Congress. Dongshan ... tribute tea is one of the oldest in China (there are Mozitan, Yuer Street, Jia Dan Temple, Shanlong Temple and Dongxixi in 25 places in Dongshan. 2 1). According to "Huoshan County Records", "During Guangxu period, the southern township was foggy (that is, the five-meter stream), and the products produced by Gualongjian Mountain were the best in one city, and the price was twice that of each township."
the Tang Dynasty
Huoshan Yellow Bud was famous in the Tang Dynasty. It was listed as a tribute in the Ming dynasty and was provided in the Qing dynasty. As tribute tea, it suddenly disappeared in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Huoshan tea production has a long history, which began in Qin and Han dynasties according to ancient records. For example, there is a saying in Hua Tuo's "On Food": "Bitter tea for a long time, good thinking". "Hua tuo (? ~208) It can be proved that the people of the Three Kingdoms were killed in Bo County, not far from Huoshan. However, the exact written record has not yet been seen. The earliest written work is Eight Chapters of Tea Classics written by Tuluyu (written in about 758): "Huainan is located in Guangzhou, Yiyang County, in the Zhou Shu era (the original note was born in Huoshan, Tang Sheng County, also known as Hengshan). Later, Li Zhao's Supplement to Tang Shi (written by Hanlin during his bachelor's degree in 806-858): "At this time, the name of Huoshan Huangya can be seen. Gai Huoshan said at first that Tangsheng County belonged to Shouzhou, and later it was changed to Huoshan, which was placed under Lu 'an, so the so-called Shouzhou yellow bud was actually produced in Huoshan. According to Yuan Gui (Wang Song, Qin Re and Yang Yi). And written in 1005), "In February of the eleventh year of Yuanhe (8 16), three thousand soldiers were called to Shouzhou to protect its tea garden." It can be seen that there were many tea gardens in Huoshan at that time and their status was heavy.
In the Tang dynasty, although cake tea, loose tea and end tea coexisted, there was even speculation. For example, Liu Yuxi (772-843)' s "Song of Tea Tasting in Lan Ruo, Xishan" said: "If you pick an eagle's beak from a fragrant bush, you must fry the room." But this is only rare or occasional, and it is mainly cake and tea. Huangyadang in Huoshan is also a kind of steamed green cake tea. In 858, The Notes of Chef Huayang was written with the words "Shouzhou Huoshan Small Group". Cake tea is also called group tea and slice tea. According to the food book of the Tang Dynasty, "Zhenyuan (785-804) Jianghuai tea is a big money, ranging from one catty to fifty taels", and the so-called "Huoshan small group" should refer to this catty of small cake tea. The method of making cake tea and the description in Lu Yu's Tea Classic: "Pick, steam, pound, pat, bake, wear, seal and dry tea." The production method of Huoshan yellow bud should be the same.
Song dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, tea-making changed from mashing to grinding, and developed to small and exquisite. However, due to its limitations and "losing the real taste of tea", cakes were gradually changed into loose cakes and eventually replaced by loose tea. Ma Duanlin, a Yuan Dynasty man, said in A General Examination of Literature (written in 13 10) that there is a piece of tea powder, which is the old method of the Long Group, but it is not steamed today. I know that after the south, it is more and more expensive for tea to be steamed. At the same time, Wang Zhen recorded in Agricultural Book (written in 13 13) that "fresh leaves are slightly steamed, spread on baskets and foils, rubbed by hands when wet, and finally baked". Accordingly, the tea-making technology of China green tea was basically formed in Yuan Dynasty, and so was Huoshan Yellow Bud.
the Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was the moderns where China's tea-making technology developed in an all-round way. Tribute tea or group tea in Yuan Dynasty, drinking tea or cooking. In the Ming Dynasty, "fixing green" was changed to steaming and frying (steaming coarse tea and frying tender tea), and tea drinking was also changed from cooking to brewing (point), and the output of final tea was greatly reduced (final tea is still extinct in our county and mountainous areas today), thus forming a situation in which scattered tea stands out. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (139 1), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Gonglong Tuanfeng cake to be changed into bud tea. Xu Cishu of Amin Dynasty said in his Tea Sparse (written in 1597): "Stir-fried tea: When the aroma of raw leaves is not clear at first, it must be made fragrant by firepower. However, if you don't work hard, don't stock for a long time. Take more into the pot, and your hand strength will be uneven. If you stay in the pot for a long time, the aroma will dissipate, and even it will be too dry to cook. The device for frying tea is the most taboo of new iron, and the taste of iron is no longer fragrant. In particular, avoiding greasy fat is more harmful than iron. ..... Don't dry the tea branch, it's fierce, and the leaves are flammable and easy to destroy. Must be polished, picked and fried. A clang can only hold four taels. Bake it soft with slow fire first, and then rush it with strong fire. Stir-fry your hands and fingers quickly. It's time to smell the fragrance when it's half cooked. There is an urgent need for a quilt cage with a small fan and baking the cotton paper substrate. Accumulate more and put it in a bottle when it gets cold. If there are many people, count the cages. If there is only one or two people, it must be four or five bamboo cages. The speed of frying is covered and the baking is late. Dry and wet should not be mixed, which will greatly reduce the fragrance. It's no use burning a leaf. However, although it is forbidden to be fierce, especially when it is cold, the branches and leaves are not soft. Telling the news is the most difficult and difficult. " The method of making tea described here is very similar to the method of making green tea today. In the same book, he also recorded the method of making Huoshan tea, which is: "The world is famous. Will produce Cao Ling. Jiangnan is warm and suitable for drinking tea alone. Jiangbei is called Lu 'an. However, Lu 'an is its county name, but it actually produces Dashu Mountain in Huoshan County. Tea is the most abundant and famous products are wonderful. For human use in Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi. In the south, it is said that it can eliminate dirt and greasy, and accumulation is also very valuable. Gu Bieshan is not good at making laws. He just eats and cooks with fire, but it is burnt before it is cooked, so it is worth using. At the same time, it is made of bamboo and stored in heat. Although there are green branches and purple bamboo shoots, there must be yellow, just fighting for food. " At the same time, Tu Long said in the Book of Tea (written in 1577): "Lu 'an tea is also refined, and medicine is the most effective. But not good at frying, not fragrant or bitter, the essence of tea is really good. "The method described here is basically the same as Huoshan Huang Da tea today. In particular, it is mentioned that green shoots will turn yellow when used, which is the origin of Huoshan yellow bud (yellow small tea) method. This is also the difference between yellow tea and green tea-the process of "yellowing" (yellow tea is yellow and yellow tea is stuffy).
Ching Dynasty
In the Qing Dynasty, the so-called prosperous life and harmonious work lasted for a hundred years, and farmers had a long rest. In particular, the prosperity of capitalist budding business has made tea production develop rapidly. Because tea is more commodity than other agricultural products. However, bud tea is still a tribute, and Huoshan yellow bud is designated as an internal medicine. According to Qing Hui Dian (written in 1690, Ashton and others. ); In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), the Ministry of Rites noticed that every year, ten days after Grain Rain, the chief secretaries of tea-producing provinces began to pay tribute to yamen. Each has its own number listed in the back ... The bud tea in Huoshan County, Lu 'an Prefecture in the south of the Yangtze River is still being interpreted by another official. When Yujin arrived, he and Guanglu Temple [ZZ (]] were delivered to the internal use of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [ZZ]], and the quota was: "Three hundred catties of Luzhou House and Huoshan County in Lu 'an House (original note: three hundred and sixty bags of real solution, one catty and twelve taels each, and six hundred and thirty catties of * * bud tea). According to Fan Yao's Notes on Helping Quails Hall (written in 65438+60s): "Lu 'an tea is produced in Huoshan. The first pistil is pointed and has no juice. The second tribute tip, the imperial tip, only took a flag and a gun. The third day is the guest tip. The fourth is twigs. The fifth is a hundred. ..... Lu 'an tea was the top grade before Grain Rain, but it has no hair and bones in Xia Hou for a long time. It starts at 800 miles per week and only six places are available. Xianrenchong, Huangxijian, Wumeijian, Fosiling [kg-* 3] Meng [[〖HT5〗]] Wantong * * * five places. The difference is stalagmites along the east and west of the mouth, and the second is Guanjiadu, Wuqihe, Yejiling, Shipen and Fuyu Garden. " This passage clearly explains the relationship between the origin, picking time, standard and quality of Huoshan yellow bud. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, yellow buds only took one bud and one leaf, which were called Gong Jian and Huang Jian. One bud and two leaves are called guest tips; A slender branch with one bud and three leaves, second only to the yellow bud (small yellow tea). Yellow tea has white hair. The one with branches and stems is Huang Dacha.
The repetition of history is the same as the dragon cake tea. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of green tea rose (especially Huoshan, because green tea was earlier and wider than yellow tea in China) and gradually replaced yellow tea. After the Republic of China, with the fall of the last emperor, tribute tea was cancelled. According to Tsui Hark's Ke Yan (written in 1924), Volume XII uploaded: "A tea traveler in Lu 'an, also known as Maojian, is the same as Longjing. "Green tea is specified here. It can be seen that the yellow bud was on the verge of extinction during the Republic of China. After liberation, with the strong support of the party and the government, tea production in our county has developed rapidly. In order to explore the famous historical tea and restore the production of yellow buds, a special person was organized to go deep into the tea area for investigation. The words "yellow" and "bud" have been repeatedly studied by technicians, old tea workers and old tea farmers. Finally, in 1973, the "Huoshan Yellow Bud" was successfully trial-produced for the second time, sent to the Canton Fair for exhibition, and put on the market in time, which was well received. 1985 won the provincial excellent, 1990 won the ministerial excellent. The annual output is about 30000 ~ 350000 kg. The new "Huoshan Yellow Bud" has very strict requirements, such as "firstly, picking it before it rains, secondly, arranging the buds neatly, thirdly, burning charcoal, and fourthly, frying it". Quality requirements: the rope is compact, the posture is symmetrical, and the bud head is firm. Fenglu has a unique sweet and refreshing "cooked chestnut fragrance". It is necessary to achieve the "three yellows" of golden appearance, yellowish green soup and yellowish leaves. The above excellent quality and reasons require tea buds to have excellent internal factors, and we should properly master the "boring" of Huangxiao tea-"spreading yellow" and the "overlapping boring" technology of Huang Da tea in processing technology. Although the mechanism and changes of tea "stuffy" have not been fully understood. However, experts at home and abroad believe that boredom destroys the activity of enzymes, promotes the chemical changes of leaves, and makes ester catechins automatically undergo oxidative isomerization under the action of "damp heat", rather than chemical action. Cracking changed the original bitter taste of polyphenols. Thereby forming the unique golden color and unique taste of yellow tea.
Because of the difficulty of picking and processing technology, Huangxiaocha can't be as popular as Huang Da tea. Therefore, in addition to the yellow buds of the Qing Dynasty, the production of green tea in our county has made great progress, including plum blossom slices, orchid heads, pineapples, silver needles, finches and other famous teas. After the Republic of China, the yellow bud was endangered. At that time, the origin of Huoshan yellow buds did not seem to be today's Dahua Ping Golden Mountain. Therefore, we should focus on the words "yellow" and "bud" to restore the emergence of yellow buds. Highlight the characteristics of famous tea. We should choose cutting production with superior natural conditions, strictly control the tenderness of tea buds, ensure that tea buds have excellent internal quality, finalize the harvesting technology, and gradually move towards process data and product standardization. To achieve "three yellows", it is necessary to summarize its unique "cooked chestnut fragrance" and sweet and refreshing taste. Huoshan Yellow Bud-China Famous Tea-Huoshan Yellow Bud Promotion Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People-Huoshan Yellow Bud 2008 Beijing Promotion Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People on April 27th. Huoshan Huangya is a famous tea with a long history. In order to improve the popularity of Huoshan Huangya, expand the market share, and make it bigger and stronger as a pillar industry, the Huoshan county party committee and government stepped out of the mountain gate and went to the market, pushing famous and excellent tea to the whole city. The event invited relevant leaders, some directly affiliated units, nearly 30 tea enterprises in Beijing and more than 60 news media to participate. Shu, secretary of Huoshan County Party Committee and county magistrate, led four teams, county-level units, tea-producing towns and enterprises leaders to attend the promotion meeting.
Huoshan has produced famous tea since ancient times, and the recorded history of tea cultivation has been 2000 years. The Records of Huoshan County in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty recorded that "the name of Huoshan Yellow Bud originated in the Western Han Dynasty". There is a history of "Shouchun Mountain has yellow buds, which can be cooked and drunk, and it is immortal". It is recorded in Lu Yu's Tea Classic and Li Zhao's Supplement to National History, which shows that Huoshan tea has a long history.
The natural environment of Huoshan Mountain is superior, belonging to the humid climate in the temperate zone of the north subtropical zone, with beautiful peaks, quiet bamboo forests, mild climate and abundant rainfall, which is suitable for the growth of tea trees. Huoshan yellow bud is rich in fragrance and lasting, which is deeply loved by consumers.
Huoshan tea has a good foundation. There are tea gardens in the county1/kloc-0.5 million mu, with an annual output of more than 4,500 tons of dry tea and an output value of/kloc-0.5 billion yuan. 90% farmers in the county own tea gardens, and more than 654.38 million people are engaged in tea production, processing and marketing. The sales network has spread all over Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and other places, and the sales situation is on the rise.
The quality of Huoshan tea is very good. Due to the superior natural environment and refined management, nearly 654.38+ 10,000 mu of Huoshan tea has passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products and organic food, and is expected to pass the acceptance of the national green food raw material tea standardization base county in 2008. Drinking Huoshan tea means drinking safe tea and healthy drinks.
In the spring of 2008, in order to promote the development of tea industry, Huoshan County Party Committee and Government issued Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Tea Industry and Opinions on Strengthening the Quality Protection of Huoshan Yellow Bud Tea. These policies will effectively promote the healthy development of Huoshan tea and Huoshan yellow bud. Forty-one years after Qing Qianlong, Huoshan County Records and Products Records.
Tea is the highest in mountain products. The top name is Silver Needle (only one shot is taken from the top of the branch), followed by Que Tongue (a micro-exhibition of two leaves taken from the top of the branch), Plum Blossom (the tenderest leaf is selected), Orchid Head (three or five leaves taken from the top of the branch) and Pineapple (imitating the method of Hui Tea, but using Hui as the leaf and Huo as the whole leaf). They are all picked by hand, and they are all expensive before the rain. Its natural branches are the best, called Maojian, with names such as Gong Jian, Ruijian, Before Rain, After Rain, Dongshan and Xishan (the branches grow up after rain and taste better than before rain in Dongshan). There are several kinds of lotus branches, including An Baili, Quancheng Red, Quancheng Green, Lvlian and Cheren, all of which are classified by age. When the tea leaves are too old to be picked carefully, it is the first tea whose perennial leaves are brushed over. By the beginning of May, a new stem had sprouted, the leaves were bigger and thicker than the first tea, and the taste was slightly astringent. The price is less than half of the first tea, and it is for children.
-"Huoshan County Records and Products Records" written in the forty-first year of Qing Qianlong.
Records of historical records
"Historical Records" said: Shouchun Mountain has yellow buds, which can be cooked and drunk, and are immortal for a long time. Liuhuo's old birthday and spring also died. A kind of fairy bud, also known as Shouzhou Huoshan yellow bud. Xiao Chun in Lu 'an Prefecture is the best tea, and it was paid tribute in the Ming Dynasty. Since the seventh year of Hongzhi, Huoshan county, prefecture, county and county have been set up separately, and the purchase case of county households should be remitted to the state general manager.
Eleven years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Lu 'an government records and accumulation
Tea ranks first in the commodity category. Chashan has all kinds of environments. Generally speaking, the mountains are high and foggy, and the products must be good. With its elegant atmosphere of heaven and earth, there are occasionally a few hanging stones, which are particularly fresh and unique and do not need artificial cultivation. Therefore, the misty Longjian in Nanxiang is about two mountains, and the products are the best in one city. The production is fine and the price is twice as high as that in other towns and villages. Tea merchants buy on the spot, women workers sort out colors and distribute them, and transport them to Suzhou in big baskets. Su Shangxun used Zhu Lan and Jasmine to move from the inland to Yingkou, which was distributed in three northeastern provinces. Some have recently been made overseas with the emblem. Next, it was shipped to Bozhou and Zhoujiakou in the north, and the semi-smoked jasmine was resold to Kyoto, Shanxi and Shandong, while Xixiang was west of Tuziling, where the tea was thicker, slightly bitter and coarse, and the branches were not refined. Tea merchants in Qingqi were all bought from Dahuaping and Wuxi River and sold all the way to Shandong. To the north of the Buddhist temple, several treasures were transported to the state by natives, bought by merchants from the western regions, baked by themselves and sold to Shanxi and Outer Mongolia. Jiubao in the extreme west is very small and tastes bad. Most of them are bought by Hubei people. All kinds of flowers listed in the previous records: such as silver needles and finches, tea began to sprout; Plum blossom slices, blue heads and songluochun are the first leaves of tea; Small tea, the price is several times, it is difficult to collect, so it is only sold in the vicinity of the city, Liulin River and Zhufo Temple, and most of them are sold in Kyoto. The climate in the southeast is slightly warmer, so it can be picked in front of Grain Rain, hence the name Maojian before the rain. After the Grain Rain in the Western Hills, the mountains can only be cut, picked once every few days, and harvested on the twentieth day. So there are head, two, three and four roads. Finally, it is common for people to pick from perennial leaves and turn them into Kelao tea. Spring tea is finished, and new seedlings are revived in May and June, which is called zicha. Its dry and flat taste is slightly astringent, and the price is also reduced by half. However, those who cherish tea trees will never pick them, and the next spring tea will flourish.
Another kind of Kuding tea, although called tea, is actually woody, with branches and leaves as big as tea. There are two kinds: a leaf with thorns on it; One leaf is big and round, all naturally occurring among rocks in the deep mountains, and there are no seeds. When harvested at the same time with tea, it tastes bitter, is extremely cool, can be used as medicine, and is extremely difficult to grow.
"natural history"
People who drink real tea make people sleep less.
Pan Zhi
Lu 'an Tea, made with Huofu, is named after Lu 'an. When Huo did not build the county, he had already paid tribute, which was a new one. "Apocalypse" was named after Lu 'an Village (real name is 60,000 Village, mistakenly called Lu 'an). There are many mountains in ancient Huoshan, and six places are spacious and spacious. Tea production floats in Huoshan, but it is not as good as two. Huang Zhi, a county-level tea maker and a state-level tea maker, said he was afraid to help others. But Dongshan is the place where tea is born prematurely, and Dongshan belongs to the state. Every year Dafu recommends tribute from Xinxian County, and all citizens go to the county to sell it before it rains. Huo was produced in the southwest, and it was late after the rain, so it was not as good as a tribute, so the proper name of tea was Lu 'an, and it was also recorded in the literature.
Wu zhi
The natives don't know the taste of tea, so Yan Chyi Yu Chu uses it for daily use. Every other year, after a thousand miles of capital, the investment bank pre-examined. Teeth have been wronged by all Jiazi mothers, and tea farmers cut them all the time to make up for it: silver is melted and turned into a low color; The scale is arbitrary; The price is getting lower and lower, and there are more sample teas. Tea farmers can't compare; Although repeated education, detailed application of various constitutions, strict investigation of rural insurance, tea farmers are a little clean and affordable, but the disadvantages have not been eliminated. Although tea makes money, it works hardest: picking it every day, frying it at night, and not resting on your pillow for ten days. We need to hire a guest worker because we are short of manpower. Tea is worth a little more, but it can still be compensated. After the army was revived, donations became more and more expensive. When the cost of a business is heavy, it will reduce the value of people. There are more and more merchants, including Huiyuan tea merchants, whose estimated value dominates the market. When merchants buy old leaves, tea merchants can make excuses, so the price of tea is getting lower and lower. Since Guangxu, a catty of silver has not exceeded money, and when it is cheap, it will cost 70 to 80 cents. What is lacking is civilian welfare. Near Huizhou county, imitating foreign countries, baking with machines is precise and economical, which is quite beneficial. If local gentry and businessmen can gather shares, set up companies and make fine work, then the power will be exercised by me, and all the disadvantages will inevitably be eliminated. West Renye Fang said: Huo Cha smells better than Huizhou.
Huoshan county annals
There are 200 bags of kungfu tea in Lu 'an, each bag weighs 12 Liang. Since the establishment of Huoshan County in the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, it has been divided into 25 bags of tea for the state and 0/75 bags for the county. ...
Because of this, Kangxi provided an extra 100 bags in the 23rd year, including 37 bags in the state and 263 bags in the county, accounting for 460 kilograms and 420 taels. Every year, the state prepares to send the county to buy monochromatic bud tea at a price. ...
Farmers in this county pick the best before the rain, and the new shoots are shot with one flag. They are made according to law, sealed with yellow silk bags, and four boxes of * * * are prepared with dragon flags and dragon symbols. In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, tribute tea 1200 bags, and in the seventh year of Yongzheng, there were more 100 bags. Seven hundred and twenty bags of tribute tea in the first year of Qianlong.
-Qing Qianlong fourteen years "Huoshan County Records Tea Test")
There are hundreds of tea-producing areas today, and only a dozen tributes have been made. In the Ming Dynasty, it was dedicated to Lu 'an, and the rest was decided by the city. There are as many as 360 letters a year, and there are secondary seals to make up. The state quantity is less than two, which is Huo Bei's strength, and six enjoys its success.
-"Huoshan County Records Gongcha" Qing Shunzhi seventeen years