Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the development direction of future transportation system. It is a real-time, accurate and efficient comprehensive transportation management system that effectively integrates advanced information technology, data communication and transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, control technology and computer technology into the whole ground transportation management system. ITS can effectively use the existing traffic facilities, reduce traffic load and environmental pollution, ensure traffic safety and improve transportation efficiency, so it has attracted more and more attention from all countries.
First, the application field of intelligent transportation
At present, intelligent transportation is mainly used in three areas in China:
1, highway traffic informatization, including the construction of expressway and provincial-level national highways.
At present, the hot projects in the transportation field in expressway mainly focus on expressway toll collection, among which software is the main one. The charging items in expressway are divided into two parts: online charging software and weighing charging system. In addition, Internet Toll Collection (IETC) will be the main way of charging in expressway in the future.
2. Informatization of urban road traffic management services
Compatibility and integration are the main problems of urban road traffic management service informatization, so the comprehensive information platform has become a research hotspot in this field. In addition to the comprehensive information platform of urban traffic, some vertical and promising applications include intelligent signal control system, electronic police, car navigation system and so on.
3. Informatization of urban public transport
At present, the application of domestic bus system information is still relatively backward, and the intelligent bus dispatching system is basically in a blank stage in China, which is also an area that solution providers can focus on. In terms of geographical distribution, major cities in China, especially the southern coastal areas, attach great importance to the development of intelligent transportation.
Second, the industrial chain analysis of intelligent transportation
The industrial chain of intelligent transportation includes its builders, users and providers. First of all, the construction subjects of ITS include government, traffic management department, expressway company, etc. , followed by equipment providers and service providers, including various system providers, integrators and service providers, as well as related telecom operators or content providers. Finally, users, including traffic management and command departments, automobile manufacturers, taxi companies, bus companies, logistics companies and other groups and individual users.
Therefore, the users of intelligent transportation include three categories: managers of relevant departments, users of road traffic and related enterprises. They belong to different positions in the industrial chain (see figure 1):
Figure 1 Intelligent Transportation Industry Chain (Source: BAYES 2008)
Third, the development status and trend of urban intelligent transportation
1, development status of urban intelligent transportation
In the field of urban intelligent transportation, Beijing and Guangzhou are at the forefront of China.
(1) Beijing
At present, four ITS systems, including road traffic control, public traffic command and dispatch, expressway management and emergency management, have been initially established in Beijing, and about 30 subsystems are scattered in various traffic management and operation departments.
In the "Beijing Traffic Development Outline" issued by Beijing, the short-term goal of initially realizing intelligent traffic management in 20 10 is defined, and the "new Beijing traffic system" supported by intelligent traffic system is regarded as the long-term goal of Beijing urban traffic development, in which the integrated information platform and intelligent traffic control system are the key points of development.
Figure 2 Beijing Intelligent Transportation System in Planning (Source: Bayes, BAYES 2008)
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing will invest 200 billion yuan in transportation infrastructure construction, focusing on expressway, rail transit and intelligent transportation system, accounting for 60% of Beijing's total fixed investment. Among them, intelligent transportation accounts for 1.5% of the total transportation investment, which is still low compared with the foreign investment level.
② Guangzhou
As one of the first batch of intelligent transportation demonstration cities in China, Guangzhou's intelligent transportation system includes traffic information main platform, logistics information platform and static traffic management system. Among them, the information platform for * * * has begun to take shape, which has realized the connection of many subsystems such as Yangchengtong system, network planning system, taxi integrated management platform, online ticketing system, 96900 call center, etc., and can complete the corresponding data processing work such as data collection, classification, effective storage, inquiry and subscription, realize many data processing functions, and provide preliminary traffic data service functions.
Figure 3 Guangzhou Intelligent Transportation System (data source: Bayes in BAYES 2008)
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Guangzhou's transportation infrastructure construction has made great achievements. However, due to the constraints of economic conditions, geographical location and environment, road traffic network construction will be difficult to meet the demand of traffic growth for a long time. Therefore, Guangzhou's demand for intelligent transportation system is to meet the requirements of Guangzhou's urban development and traffic development on the one hand, and to meet the traffic requirements of the 20 10 Asian Games on the other hand.
2. The future development trend of urban intelligent transportation.
According to the future development plan of the country, the construction of urban intelligent transportation system will continue to increase. First of all, it will promote the construction of traffic information service platforms in about 50 big cities and provide services such as traffic information inquiry and traffic guidance; Developing urban intelligent control signal systems in more than 200 cities to form intelligent traffic command systems; Promote the regional dispatching of public transport in big cities in 100 area and the construction of corresponding systems, and increase the construction and application of e-tickets.
With the development of urban traffic problems, urban traffic integrated information platform, global positioning and vehicle navigation system, vehicle command and dispatch system of urban public transport vehicles and taxis, and urban comprehensive emergency system will all usher in greater development opportunities.
Generally speaking, the development trend of urban intelligent transportation system will be a comprehensive and multi-sector driven development model. Because the urban intelligent transportation system will involve the work of relevant citizens, public security traffic management, vehicle management of transportation departments, urban construction, communications and other related departments, the development process of urban intelligent transportation in the future will inevitably be driven by transportation, public security and other departments.
Four. Development status and trend of automobile terminal market
1. Development Status of Automobile Terminal Market
According to the statistics of ITS application in Europe and America, the road guidance/vehicle navigation system based on GPS has become the largest user market of ITS at present, accounting for 29% of the total user expenditure of ITS.
In the past few years, vehicle-mounted GPS products have made great progress. In 2007, the sales volume of China GPS market reached 654.38+223 million units, with sales of 7.89 billion yuan. Compared with 2006, the sales volume and sales growth rate were 506.5438+0% and 88.3% respectively. It is estimated that the annual growth rate of China automobile GPS navigation system market will exceed 40% from 2008 to 20 10, and the terminal sales of China automobile GPS navigation system will exceed 10 billion yuan in 2009.
At present, the car GPS sold in China can be divided into three types: basic GPS, static navigation GPS and real-time communication GPS, which only have simple positioning, anti-theft and scheduling functions. Among them, the growth of basic GPS market is slow, in contrast, the static navigation GPS market is developing rapidly, and navigation GPS has gradually become the mainstream product in China GPS market.
2. China automobile terminal market prospect and development trend.
With the increase of private car ownership and the change of usage in China, the market capacity of GPS in-vehicle system is increasing. According to statistics, at present, the number of private cars in China has exceeded 25 million. Even if the allocation ratio is only 20%, there is a market capacity of 5 million vehicles. In the future, when the cost performance of GPS is further improved, the GPS vehicle-mounted system will have a broader application prospect.
In addition, with the rapid development of RFID technology, the use of vehicle-mounted RFID tag devices or RFID tag cards will greatly facilitate drivers to pay fees in parking lots and expressway, and with the further improvement of supporting facilities in the surrounding environment in the future, this will also greatly promote the intelligent development of future vehicle-mounted terminals.
In the future, new computing and communication terminal technologies and equipment will be developed and applied in vehicles. In the next few years, making full use of wireless communication technologies such as GPS system and 3G technology, integrating vehicle-mounted computing, information display and driving control system into a unified vehicle-mounted information communication device will play an important role in the development of intelligent transportation system in the future.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The present situation and trend of intelligent road traffic development
1, electronic toll collection (ETC) market
ETC system is an electronic automatic toll collection system for trunk roads, bridges and tunnels. In recent years, with the development of expressway construction, the market scale of communication, monitoring and charging system in expressway has increased rapidly. According to the China Intelligent Transportation Market Research Report in 2007 and Development Forecast in 2008-20 12, the investment scale of communication, monitoring and toll collection systems in expressway increased from 4 1 yuan in 2006 to 4 1 yuan in 2000.
Figure 4 Market development trend of expressway communication/monitoring and charging system from 20065438+0 to 2007 (data source: BAYES 2008, May).
In the Outline of Long-term Scientific and Technological Development Plan for Highway and Waterway Traffic (2006 ~ 2020) issued by the Ministry of Communications, expressway's online charging and non-stop charging will be two key points. With the increasing mileage of expressway in China, the demand for communication, monitoring and charging system in expressway will also expand.
2. The development trend of road traffic intelligence.
The demand for ETC system will increase year by year. Although a considerable part of expressway has established a non-stop toll collection system at present, there is still a big gap between its comprehensive construction and application. In the future, expressway's network charging will be a problem to be considered in the further development of ETC, and the unification of related technologies and communication standards will also be a problem to be solved in the future development.
Another trend of intelligent development of road traffic lies in the video monitoring system of road traffic. Including electronic police law enforcement punishment system, motor vehicle overspeed detection system, moving vehicle detection system, traffic flow monitoring system, intelligent multimedia network license plate recognition and urban comprehensive emergency system.