2. Chen Hongmei, deputy director of the Family and Community Research Office of Wuhan Academy of Educational Sciences, said that from the case of usual contact, the outstanding problems now are that parents' educational concepts and methods are lagging behind and the family education atmosphere is not strong. Some parents even pass on the pressure of work to their children, take it out on them, yell at them, and send them to remedial classes instead of family education. Legislation can make legal provisions on the operation and guarantee mechanism of family education.
Experts say that family education should not be allowed to become a legal vacuum because it is both private and public. For example, the misfortune caused by parents doting on their children is a great loss to the family, and it also causes losses to the society and hinders others. Parents or guardians who fail to fulfill their family education obligations shall be investigated for legal responsibility; For families with unscientific educational methods or lack of educational ability, the relevant provisions of compulsory counseling and assistance should be clarified in legislation.
20 10 With the promulgation of the National Family Education Guiding Outline and the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020), all localities began to promote the construction of family education. At present, there are still three shortcomings in family education in China, which need to be regulated, supported and guided by legislation.
One is the lack of an effective social support system. Take teenagers' internet addiction as an example: In the second half of 20 10, Qin Qin (a pseudonym), a high school student with internet addiction at the age of 15 in Sixian, Anhui, strangled his mother who tried to stop him from surfing the Internet. Tragedy after tragedy stems from the serious lack of effective social support system in family education. According to authoritative reports, at present, teenagers with Internet addiction account for about 14. 1% of young Internet users in China, but there are no answers to questions such as how far Internet addiction needs to be eradicated, what institutions are qualified to treat Internet addiction, and what standards should be followed in Internet addiction treatment. The current situation is that schools are at a loss, parents are powerless, students have no way to go, and the tragedy cannot be eliminated.
Second, parents' own quality and educational ability are uneven. In 20 10, an online group named "the death of parents is evil" quickly became popular, and most of its members were born after 1980s. The same experience made them get together online, and they fought back against their parents. Li's sentence "My father is Li Gang" aroused people's strong indignation: How do some privileged and wealthy parents educate their children?
Third, there is a lack of systematic theory and research methods. Guan Ying, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that there are few full-time researchers in family education, and the instructors are mixed, with simple, vulgar and quick success. Some family education guidance even goes in the wrong direction, such as paying more attention to children than to parents. A special survey conducted by Beijing Family Education Research Association in 2009 found that there are very few private family education service institutions in the true sense, and the service market is small, scattered, weak and chaotic, lacking professional support.
"Legislation is the need of standardized, professional and systematic development of family education." Professor Li Mingshun, vice president of China Women's University, pointed out that the fundamental purpose of legislation is to ensure the physical and mental health and all-round development of family members, and it is necessary to clarify the family education responsibilities of state organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations, parents and guardians in content. At the same time, legislation is to strengthen the supervision of the family education market and build a sound social support system.
For example, in the current legal provisions, parents' right to education for their children is not well protected. China's Compulsory Education Law stipulates that parents or other legal guardians of school-age children and adolescents should ensure that they enter school on time to receive and complete compulsory education. It is illegal for parents to run a "home school" at home to educate their children. However, it is not uncommon for parents to successfully educate their children at home in real life.
20 10 10 Nanjing, China Family Education Association and All-China Women's Federation held a seminar on family education in China on 20 10 to discuss the legislation of family education. Wang Daquan, director of the Legislative Affairs Office of the Ministry of Education, said at the meeting that the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020) requires "making laws on examinations, schools, lifelong learning, preschool education and family education", which means that the demonstration and drafting of relevant legislation will enter a substantive stage.
Zhu, a professor at the School of Education Science of Nanjing Normal University, pointed out that family education should not become a legal vacuum, because it is both private and public. For example, the misfortune caused by parents doting on their children is a great loss to the family, and it also causes losses to the society and hinders others. Parents or guardians who fail to fulfill their family education obligations shall be investigated for legal responsibility; For families with unscientific educational methods or lack of educational ability, the relevant provisions of compulsory counseling and assistance should be clarified in legislation.
"As a father, I didn't do a good job in educating my children. I feel ashamed. " This is Li Gang's reflection when interviewed by the media. Then, who will make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of Li Gang's family education responsibility and consequences? Should Li Gang be responsible for improper education? How to bear it? These operational and targeted issues are the blind spots and difficulties in the current family education legislation.
Liu Hairong, former vice chairman of the All-China Women's Federation and vice chairman of the China Family Education Association, said that family education legislation covers a wide range and takes a long time, ranging from three to five years to seven or eight years. It is necessary to open the door to legislation, listen to the opinions of all parties, and start work quickly.
(1) Family education is one of the pillars of the education system, and its status needs to be confirmed by legislation.
Legally speaking, the right to education can be divided into three categories: family education right, national education right and social education right. The latter two educational rights belong to public education rights. The right to family education originated from the family. As long as there is family relationship, there is family education. The right of national education originated from the generation of class and country. The state holds the power of education, and the purpose of education is to safeguard the interests of the ruling class. But on the other hand, it is also to alleviate social contradictions, meet the educational needs of taxpayers and maintain social stability and development. Therefore, the national education right has both class and sociality. The right to social education and the right to national education are almost simultaneous. It is a right recognized by the state and society because some groups or individuals occupying educational resources spontaneously carry out public education and teaching activities. China has always attached importance to private schools. At the end of the spring and autumn period, there was a saying that "official learning declined and learning was in the four foreigners". During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, folk academies also became popular. According to the legal classification of the right to education, a country's education system can also be divided into three parts: family education, state education (public education) and social education (private education). Obviously, family education should be an important part of a country's education system and one of the three pillars.
If a country's education system is divided from the perspective of educators, education can be divided into three parts: family education, school education and social education, and family education is also an indispensable pillar. Historically, with the development of capitalism and the progress of natural science, school education has become the main independent teaching form. Prior to this, family education was the main part of the growth of underage children in human history. Because of the decentralized, empirical and personalized characteristics of family education, it is impossible to form an independent system and there is no special educational thought and method. However, with the rapid development of modern science and technology and the complexity and diversification of social life, the "characteristics" of family education have become advantages and advantages that are conducive to the humanization of education, the cultivation of teenagers' all-round quality, the shaping of talents needed by the future society and the development of social security. Therefore, it has been widely concerned by people, and has been put back in the important position of independent education system, becoming a new educational discipline. The law should promote and change people's original understanding, comprehensively improve the organization, management system and material conditions of family education institutions, and lay a good foundation for family education to truly play the role of independent education system.
In China's current education system, national education (school education) is the most perfect. From the legislative point of view, China has promulgated laws and regulations such as education law, compulsory education law, teacher law, vocational education law and higher education law, established the legal status of national education, and made relatively complete norms on national education behavior. In the history of China, private education was very developed. Since the reform and opening up, private education has started again and developed rapidly in China. From 65438 to 0997, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Running Schools by Social Forces. From June 438 to February 28, 2002, the Third1meeting of the Ninth NPC Standing Committee passed the Law on the Promotion of Private Education, which formally established the position of private education in China's education system. However, although all walks of life attach as much importance to family education as national education and private education, and it is also a fine tradition in China, so far there is no legislation on family education in China, and family education is still basically regarded as a vassal of school education, and its due position in the national education system is far from being established. The State Council 1992 promulgated and implemented the Outline of China Children's Development Plan in 1990s, which put forward the requirement of strengthening family education legislation. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to speed up the legislation of family education and give it its due legal status. Shanghai took the lead in formulating this regulation, which will provide useful experience and reference for the improvement of China's education system.
(two) the formulation of the "Regulations" is the need to cultivate the healthy growth and success of young people.
Locke, a British educator, famously said, "Family education has a profound influence on children's bone marrow, which can never be replaced by any school education or social education." Family education plays a particularly important role in cultivating teenagers' healthy growth and success. Criminology research has proved that the failure of family education is an important reason for teenagers to embark on the road of illegal crime. According to the investigation on the causes of juvenile delinquency in reform schools and juvenile reformatories, 87% are caused by improper family structure or family education defects. The organic combination of family education, school education and social education is a necessary condition for the healthy growth and success of teenagers. In this trinity framework, school education is "batch" education, social education is the continuation and development of school education, while family education is "personalized" education, which is the basis of school education and social education and determines the effectiveness of school education and social education. Therefore, standardizing and guiding family education in the form of legislation and improving the scientificity of family education is not only the need to prevent juvenile delinquency, but also the need for the healthy growth of teenagers' body and mind. From a macro perspective, it is also a major issue related to the future of the country and the nation. As Anton Semyonovich Makarenko, a famous industrialist educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "Today's parents' education for their children is creating the future history of our country, and therefore the history of the world. "
(3) Formulating the Regulations is the wish and voice of parents.
According to the survey, about 99% parents in Shanghai try their best to put all their hopes, energy and funds into their children's education for a bright future. However, about 95% of parents are often in trouble and anxious, and feel that their efforts cannot be fulfilled. About 30% of parents admit that they are "failed parents". Most parents have expressed their urgent desire to improve the quality and scientificity of family education. For example, some books about family education in the market, such as Liu Yiting, a Harvard girl, ignore the children. I am mediocre, I am happy, which has aroused the enthusiastic attention of parents and created amazing sales. For another example, as of June 65438+February 3, 20021,the rate of parents' participation in family education guidance in Shanghai reached 96.90%, which was 46.90 percentage points higher than that of1995 (there was no statistical data on family education before1995). Since the Municipal Women's Federation put forward suggestions on family education legislation at the Municipal People's Congress in early 2002, parents' response has been the strongest. During the investigation, many parents showed great concern and support, and many touching stories happened. It can be said that the formulation of the "Regulations" has become a strong desire and voice of parents.