Directory ................................... 1
abstract of a thesis
1, development history of mechatronics technology .............................................................................................................................................................
1. 1 optical, mechanical and electrical integration
1.2 Systematic self-discipline distribution
1.3 holographic systematization-intelligent ......................... iv
1.4 "biology-software"-bionic systematization
1.5 microcomputer electrochemistry
2. The main application fields of mechatronics technology
2. 1 CNC machine tools
2.2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
2.3 Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
2.4 Industrial robots
3. Development prospect of mechatronics technology
3. 1 intelligence
3.2 systematization
3.3 Miniaturization
3.4 Modularization
3.5 networking
3.6 Greening 6
4. The situation, tasks and corresponding countermeasures of "mechatronics" in China. .......................................................................................................................................................
4. 1 situation
4.2 tasks -7.
4.3 Countermeasures -7.
conclusion
Thank you ... thank you ... thank you ... thank you.
Refer to ................................ 10.
abstract
So far, all countries in the world are vigorously promoting the electromechanical integration technology. It has been widely used in all fields of people's lives and is developing with vigorous vitality, which not only profoundly affects the development of global science and technology, economy, society and military affairs, but also profoundly affects the development trend of electromechanical integration.
The development of modern science and technology has greatly promoted the intersection and infiltration of different disciplines, and caused technological changes and revolutions in the engineering field. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microelectronics and computer technology and its penetration into the mechanical industry, the technical structure, product organization, function and composition, production mode and management system of the mechanical industry have undergone tremendous changes, and industrial production has entered a development stage characterized by "mechanical electrification".
Keywords: mechatronics technology, history, application, development trend
Application and development trend of mechatronics
1, the development of mechatronics technology
Since the emergence of electronic technology, the combination of electronic technology and mechanical technology has begun, but semiconductor integrated circuits, especially large-scale integrated circuits represented by microprocessors, have made remarkable progress after the "mechatronics" technology, which has aroused widespread concern. The word "mechatronics" was first put forward by Yaskawa Electric Corporation of Japan when it registered its business in the late 1960s. At that time and in the 1970s, people always regarded mechatronics as the combination of machinery and electronics. In the early days of China, "mechatronics technology" and "mechatronics" were used together, but in recent years, "mechatronics" is more popular.
In the 1980s, information technology appeared. The performance of microprocessor is improved, and it is adopted by more advanced mechatronics products, such as CNC machine tools, industrial robots, automotive electronic control systems, etc. After microcomputer is introduced into aircraft system as a key technology, electromechanical system has been widely used in altitude control, exhaust control, vibration control and airbag.
There are different opinions about the origin of the word "mechatronics". As early as 197 1, the word "electronics" was put forward in the supplement of the Japanese magazine Mechanical Design. As can be seen from Figure 47.6- 1, it is a new technology integrating mechanical technology, electronic technology and information technology. Products designed and manufactured by mechatronics technology are called mechatronics products.
From the perspective of system science, mechatronics products can also be called mechatronics system, which is a composite system integrating mechanical components and electronic components.
Information technology drives mechanical systems to use databases to varying degrees, and even washing machines and other consumer goods use database-driven systems. In this way, the exploration, molding and system integration of mechatronics system design method and the implementation of concurrent engineering design and control have become increasingly important. In addition, optics has also entered the electromechanical integration, resulting in a new field of "optical electromechanical integration".
In 1990s, communication technology has entered into mechatronics, and computer-controlled networked mechatronics, which is closely related to virtual reality multimedia technology, is becoming more and more popular. Some mechatronic machines can be used for these two purposes, while others are more versatile in performance. Especially the development of micro-sensor and actuator technology, the combination of semiconductor technology based on lithography technology and traditional miniaturization method of mechatronics has created a new branch of mechatronics characterized by precision engineering and system integration. Although the micromachining method is not mature, it will gradually become a part of the integrated control system. After that, mechatronics developed with the development of automation technology and steadily entered the 2 1 century.
1. 1 optical, mechanical and electrical integration.
The general mechatronics system consists of sensing system, energy system, information processing system, mechanical structure and other components. Therefore, introducing optical technology and realizing its inherent advantages can effectively improve the sensing system, energy (power) system and information processing system of electromechanical integration system. Optical, mechanical and electrical integration is an important trend in the development of mechanical and electrical products. Second, the development process of mechatronics.
1.2 systematization of self-discipline distribution-flexibility.
In the future mechatronics products, the control and execution system has enough redundancy and strong flexibility, and can cope with emergencies well, so it is designed as a "self-discipline distribution system". In an autonomous distributed system, each subsystem works independently, serves the whole system, has its own "self-discipline", and can make different responses according to different environmental conditions. Its characteristic is that the subsystem can generate its own information and attach the given information. Under the premise, the specific "action" can be changed. In this way, the adaptability (flexibility) of the system is obviously increased, and the whole system is not affected by a subsystem failure.
1.3 holographic systematization-intelligence.
In the future, the "holographic" characteristics of mechatronics products will become more and more obvious, and the level of intelligence will become higher and higher. This is mainly due to the development of fuzzy technology and information technology (especially software and chip technology). In addition, the hierarchical structure of its system has also changed from a simple "top-down" situation to a complex and redundant two-way connection.
1.4 "biology-software"-bionic systematization.
The future mechatronics equipment is highly dependent on information, and the structure is often unstable when it is "static" and stable when it is dynamic (working). This is somewhat similar to a living creature: when the control system (brain) stops working, the creature "dies", but when the control system (brain) works, the creature is very energetic. Some excellent biological institutions have been found in the field of bionics research, which can provide new bodies for mechatronics products, but how to make these new bodies have fresh "life" needs further study. This research field is called "biology-software" or "biology-system", and biology is characterized by the integration of hardware (body) and software (brain). It seems that although mechatronics products are developing towards biological systematization, they have a long way to go.
5. Microcomputer electrochemistry-miniaturization. At present, sub-micron mechanical parts have been manufactured in the laboratory by using etching technology in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices. When this achievement is applied to actual products, there is no need to distinguish between mechanical parts and controllers. At that time, machinery and electronics can be completely "integrated", and the body, actuator, sensor, CPU and so on can be integrated together, and the volume is very small, forming a self-discipline element. This micromechanics is an important development direction of mechatronics.
2. The main application fields of mechatronics technology
2. 1 CNC machine tools
After 40 years of development, CNC machine tools and corresponding CNC technologies have been rapidly improved in structure, function, operation and control accuracy, which is embodied in bus-type, modular and compact structure, that is, multi-CPU and multi-main bus architecture. Open design, that is, the hardware architecture and functional modules are hierarchical, compatible and in line with interface standards, which can maximize the efficiency of users.
WOP technology and intelligence. The system can provide workshop-oriented programming technology, realize dynamic simulation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional machining process, and introduce intelligent mechanisms such as online diagnosis and fuzzy control.
The application of mass storage and modular design of software not only enrich the functions of CNC system, but also enhance the control functions of CNC system.
It can realize multi-process and multi-channel control, that is, it has the ability of one machine tool to complete multiple independent processing tasks at the same time or control multiple machine tools, and integrates tool breakage detection, material handling and manipulator control into the system. The multi-level network function of the system enhances the ability of system combination and complex machining system. A compact numerical control device consists of a single board, a single chip as a controller, a special chip and a template.
2.2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
The realization of CIMS is not a simple combination of existing decentralized systems, but a global dynamic optimal synthesis. It breaks the boundaries between original departments, controls "logistics" and "information flow" based on manufacturing, and realizes the organic combination of business decision, product development, production preparation, production experiment and production management. The improvement of enterprise integration can better optimize the allocation of various production factors and give full play to the potential of various production factors.
2.3 Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
Flexible manufacturing system is a computerized manufacturing system, which is mainly composed of computers, CNC machine tools, robots, pallets, automatic handling carts and automated warehouses. It can randomly, timely and quantitatively produce any workpiece within its capacity according to the requirements of the assembly department, and is especially suitable for the batch production of discrete parts with multiple varieties, small and medium batches and frequent design changes.
2.4 Industrial robots
1 generation robot, also known as teaching reproduction robot, can only move repeatedly according to teaching, and lacks adaptability and flexibility to the changes of working environment and working objects; The second generation robot is equipped with all kinds of advanced sensing elements, which can obtain simple information of working environment and operating objects, make certain judgments through computer processing and analysis, and feedback control actions, showing low-level intelligence, and has begun to be practical; The third generation robot, namely intelligent robot, has many sensing functions, can carry out complex logical thinking, judgment and decision-making, and can act independently in the working environment, which is closely related to the fifth generation computer.
3. Development prospect of mechatronics technology
Looking at the development status of electromechanical integration at home and abroad and the development trend of high technology, electromechanical integration will develop in the following directions.
3. 1 intelligence
Intelligence is one of the main differences between mechatronics and traditional mechanical automation, and it is also the development direction of mechatronics in 2 1 century. In recent years, the improvement of processor speed, the high performance of microcomputer, the integration and intelligence of sensor system have created conditions for embedding intelligent control algorithm, which has effectively promoted the intelligent development of mechatronics products. Intelligent mechatronics products can simulate human intelligence, and have the ability of judgment and reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making to a certain extent, thus replacing part of human mental work in manufacturing engineering.
3.2 systematization
One of the characteristics of systematization is that the system architecture further adopts open and modular bus structure. The system can be flexibly configured, arbitrarily cut and combined, and at the same time, it seeks to realize the coordinated control and comprehensive management of multiple subsystems. The second feature is that the communication function is greatly enhanced. Generally speaking, in addition to common communication modes such as R S232, the local area network (LAN) needed to realize long-distance and multi-system communication networking is gradually being adopted. Mechatronics will pay more attention to the relationship between products and people in the future. How to endow mechatronics products with human intelligence, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important. Mechatronics products can also study a new biological type according to the excellent structure of some organisms, and make it develop in the direction of biological systematization.
3.3 Miniaturization
Micro-electromechanical integration system is a new development direction of electromechanical integration, and it is a high integration of micro-mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and software technology. From abroad, the geometric size of MEMS is generally less than1cm 3, and it is developing in the direction of micron and nanometer. MEMS has the characteristics of small volume, low energy consumption and flexible movement. It can enter the space that ordinary machinery can't enter, and it is easy to perform fine operation, so it has broad application prospects in biomedicine, aerospace, information technology, industry and agriculture and even national defense. At present, sub-micron mechanical parts have been manufactured in the laboratory by using etching technology in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices.
3.4 Modularization
Modularization is also the development trend of mechatronics products and an important and arduous project. Due to the wide variety of mechatronics products and numerous manufacturers, it is a complex and important thing to develop mechatronics product units with standard mechanical interfaces, electrical interfaces, power interfaces and information interfaces. It needs to formulate a series of standards to facilitate the matching and interface of components and units. Enterprises that produce mechatronics products can quickly develop new products by using standard units, and at the same time, they can continuously expand their production scale.
3.5 networking
The rapid development of network technology has had a great impact on mechatronics, making it develop in the direction of networking. There are many kinds of mechatronics products, and the ways to face the network are also different. Due to the popularity of the network, various remote control and monitoring technologies based on the network are in the ascendant, and the remote control terminal equipment itself is a mechatronics product.
3.6 Greening
The development of industry makes people rich in materials and comfortable in life, but it also reduces resources and seriously pollutes the ecological environment, so green products emerge as the times require. Greening is the general trend, and its goal is to make the whole life cycle of products from design, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, use to scrapping have no or little harm to the ecological environment and high resource utilization rate. The greening of mechatronics products mainly means that they do not pollute the ecological environment when used and can be recycled when scrapped. Green manufacturing industry is the sustainable development model of modern manufacturing industry.
Five, China's development of "mechatronics" facing the situation and tasks
The work of mechatronics mainly includes two aspects: one is to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology, with the aim of saving energy and materials, improving work efficiency and product quality, and improving the technological progress of traditional industries; The second is to develop automatic, digital and intelligent mechanical and electrical products and promote product upgrading.
4. The situation, tasks and countermeasures of "mechatronics" in China.
4. 1 situation.
It is difficult to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology in China. In China, the voice and pressure of using mechatronics technology to accelerate product upgrading and increase market share are very high.
In China, it is of great significance to replace products with mechatronics products with low technical content and added value, high energy consumption, high water consumption and consumables, and heavy responsibility of pollution disturbing people. In China's industrial system, large consumers of energy and water and enterprises that pollute the environment still account for a considerable proportion. In recent years, although China's industrial structure and product structure have been adjusted many times, the effect has not been obvious enough for various reasons. Of course, there are many problems caused by higher authorities, such as "leaving home" and "returning to the old job", but there are also undeniable problems such as not optimizing the ideal industry and choosing the favorite products. The best answer has long been placed in front of these enterprises, that is, to develop electromechanical integration and develop and produce related electromechanical integration products. Mechatronics products have strong functions, good performance, high quality, low cost and strong flexibility. They can be adjusted and reformed according to the market demand and the product structure and production technology reflected by users without changing the equipment. This is an important way to solve the problem of multi-variety and small batch production of mechanical and electrical products. At the same time, it can inject fresh blood into the traditional machinery industry, bring new vitality, liberate mechanical production from heavy manual labor and realize civilized production.
In addition, from the perspective of market demand, due to the short history of research and development of electromechanical integration products in China, the variety, quantity, grade and quality of many products can not meet the demand, and the annual import volume is relatively large, which is in urgent need of development.
4.2 tasks
The task of mechatronics in China can be summarized in two sentences: first, transform traditional industries extensively and deeply with mechatronics technology; There is also a saying that mechanical and electrical products should be developed in a big way to promote the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products. The overall purpose is to promote the formation of mechatronics industry and contribute to the adjustment of China's industrial structure and product structure.
In a word, mechatronics technology is not only the fresh blood and source power to revitalize the traditional electromechanical industry, but also the key to open the door of product structure and industrial structure adjustment in China's electromechanical industry.
4.3 Countermeasures
4.3. 1 Strengthen overall arrangement and coordinate development planning.
At present, there are many units engaged in the research, development and production of mechatronics in China. Each has its own development strategy. Due to the limitation of each unit's foothold and focus, it is inevitable to only consider local interests. There are also problems of unified consideration and insufficient overall arrangement in the relevant plans and plans of various competent departments, and there is a lack of authoritative development plans and strategic plans that take the overall situation into account. Therefore, it is suggested that the competent department instruct the relevant units to work out the overall R&D and production plan of "mechatronics" on the basis of in-depth investigation and scientific analysis to avoid duplication in development and collision in production!
4.3.2 Strengthen industry management and give play to the role of "Association"
At present, "mechatronics" is hot in China, but according to the current industry division and management system, "multi-strategy" is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary for China to define a unified management organization for the mechatronics industry. According to the spirit of the current national political system reform and economic system reform, and the characteristics of the electromechanical integration industry, we suggest strengthening the construction of Beijing Electromechanical Integration Association as soon as possible and endowing it with industry management functions. The "Association" should further expand the representative level and coverage of the leading body-the Council, and strengthen the construction of offices and secretariats; It is necessary to draft "industry" development plans and strategic plans through its smart offices and economic entities; Guide the adjustment of industrial layout, choose development breakthrough, and do a good job in key project pilot and related project bidding. ...
4.3.3 Optimize the development environment and increase support.
Optimizing the development environment means creating an atmosphere in which the whole society, both inside and outside the enterprise, pays attention to and supports the development of "mechatronics" through publicity to the masses, such as providing convenience for foreign investors to invest and develop the "mechatronics" industry in China as soon as possible; Give the green light to high-tech enterprises that develop and produce mechatronics products as much as possible; Try to allocate resource elements for the development and production of mechatronics products.
Increase support. In terms of technical policy, we should strictly limit the development of traditional products with high power consumption and high consumables, and restrict the forced elimination of backward products that do not adopt electromechanical integration technology; Vigorously promote electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries, give priority to supporting electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries, give priority to establishing and supporting related technology development and application projects, and commend and reward unit leaders and scientific and technological personnel who have made contributions to technology development and application.
4.3.4 Highlight development priorities and give consideration to "two levels"
The electromechanical integration industry covers a wide range, and our financial, human and material resources are limited. Therefore, when grasping the development of mechatronics industry, we should not describe everything directly, but should distinguish between primary and secondary, make bold choices and do something different. We should pay attention to two levels of work. The first level is "surface" work, that is, transforming traditional industries with electronic information technology, implanting or grafting microelectronic (computer) devices on traditional electromechanical equipment, and combining "mechanical" and "electronic" technologies at a shallow level. The second level is "improvement" work, that is, at the beginning of new product design, "machinery" and "electronics" are considered in a unified way, so that "machinery" and "electronics" are inseparable and deeply combined, and the new products produced at least realize electromechanical integration.
conclusion
The development course of mechatronics witnessed the human stepping into the high-tech era, and the development trend of mechatronics witnessed the human yearning for high intelligence.
Electromechanical integration is not isolated, it is the crystallization of many scientific and technological developments, and it is an inevitable requirement for the development of social productive forces to a certain stage. In the era of high intelligence, the broad development prospect of mechatronics technology will be brighter and brighter.
Be grateful
From topic selection to data collection, from writing to repeated revision, I experienced joy, noise, pain and hesitation, and my mood was so complicated in the process of writing the paper. Now that I have the final draft of this graduation thesis, my complicated feelings have vanished, and I even have a little sense of accomplishment. Here, I am fortunate to get a little guidance and help, and have a precious opportunity to get in touch with the little ones. The rigorous attitude of the little teacher left a profound influence on my heart. In the days to come, I will learn from my teacher's realistic spirit. Here, I sincerely say to the little teacher: thank you, little teacher!
At the same time, I would like to thank my parents and classmates Cheng Xiang and Gu Shuqing for their support. They helped me a lot in this paper. I remember everyone who helped me when I was weak and in trouble. refer to
Li Jianyong. Electromechanical integration technology [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2004;
Li Yunhua. Electromechanical control [M]. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2003;
Rui Yannian. Design of mechatronics system [M]. Beijing Machinery Industry Press, 2004;
Wang Zhongjie, Yu, Chai Tianyou. Overview of Intelligent Control [J]. Basic Automation, 2006;
, week,. Development and application of mechatronics technology [J]. Research on agricultural mechanization, 2006;
Junyan Liang, Li Yuxiang. Development and application of mechatronics technology [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2007.
[7]www.baidu.com
suzhou industrial park institute of vocational technology
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