In 1980s and 1990s, China's economic system had just changed from planned to socialist market. When crossing the river by feeling the stones, foreign automobile giants began to enter the China automobile market. At present, they have the absolute right to speak in China automobile market, and the market competition pattern of "six big and three small" has basically taken shape. They are leading China automobile industry to the big pattern of "three plus nine", because the overall competition situation of global automobile industry is that big enterprises and big groups dominate and monopolize the market, leading the development trend, so China automobile industry is cloning this competition pattern and gradually going to the world. The Road Map of Foreign Cars Entering China Now China has become the focus of attracting global attention. As a pillar of economic development, the automobile industry has a bigger market space in China. Global auto giants are paying attention to China and studying the road map and strategy of other auto giants entering China. The real mass production of China automobile industry began in 19, which was a joint venture between China and German Volkswagen in 1985. Under the atmosphere that the national automobile industry is in urgent need of development, SAIC Volkswagen was formally established, which opened the road of joint venture between China automobile industry and international giants. At that time, the original intention of the national policy was that China must develop automobiles in a high starting point, in large quantities and professionally, accelerate the formation of independent development capabilities through digestion and absorption, and finally get rid of technology dependence and build its own brand, mainly to realize the strategy of "market for technology" in China's automobile industry. 1983, Santana was successfully installed in Shanghai Automobile Factory. 1984 the joint venture contract of Shanghai Volkswagen automobile co., ltd was signed in Beijing; 1985, Shanghai Volkswagen automobile co., ltd was formally established, and mass production of Santana began. Domestic auto experts believe that without Santana, there would be no prosperity of China auto market today. Santana "actually opened a road for the development of China's automobile industry in the new period, laid the foundation for China's automobile industry and opened a new era". In fact, since 1984, a large-scale "joint venture movement" has been launched in China: from 1984 to 1, BAIC and Chrysler jointly established Beijing Jeep Automobile Co., Ltd.; 1May, 1984, Changan Machinery Factory cooperated with Suzuki of Japan to produce ST90 series mini-cars. 1March, 1985, Guangzhou Peugeot Project started operation. However, due to various reasons, except for Santana, the automobile projects in various places were not satisfactory, and Peugeot finally withdrew from the China market. At this time, the enthusiasm of many multinational companies to invest in China's automobile industry has cooled down. Under this historical background, the success of the Shanghai Volkswagen Santana project has also driven other giants, so multinational giants will have the passion to invest in China today. It can be said that Volkswagen has cultivated the automobile market in China, and also brought advanced car-making concepts and marketing concepts to China. With its success, giants such as General Motors, Honda, Ford, Nissan and Toyota came one after another, which also set sail for China's break in the world. After sorting out the situation of several automobile giants entering China, it is not difficult to find that joint venture between foreign automobile giants and China automobile enterprises is the only way for them to enter China, and it is also an important way to drive China automobile industry. Vision determines status. As early as 16 years ago, Volkswagen went to China to invest and build a factory, which is the vision of Dr. Hans, the chairman of Volkswagen. However, I'm afraid it was unexpected when Dr. Hans signed a contract with a joint venture partner in China to jointly occupy half of the automobile market in China for a long time. Volkswagen's joint ventures in China-Shanghai Volkswagen and FAW-Volkswagen-not only have a large market share, but also operate well. Facing the challenges from the latecomers such as GM, Honda and Toyota. Volkswagen has accelerated the model upgrading of the two companies. Audi A6 and Passat are applauding constantly, and Polo is also launched. German Volkswagen's strategy in China can be summarized as "catching big fish in a long line". In contrast, Peugeot, who came and went in a hurry, was one of the first automobile companies to enter China, but he was the first to leave. Some people may say that the Peugeot project in Guangzhou, whether it is technology transfer, CKD parts supply or profit sharing of the joint venture company, has made the French make a lot of money. Why not? However, after completing100000 cars in ten years, French Peugeot lost the opportunity to continue its development in China. Isn't this a failure? In addition, Peugeot's unsuccessful performance has affected people's views on French companies, and new projects have been delayed and it is difficult to make progress. This may be the biggest failure. As a global automobile giant, Ford Motor Company, as early as the beginning of reform and opening up, the decision makers of Ford family frequently went in and out of China. But cars are slow to enter China. Twenty years have passed, what's more, he has lost to the first wave of beach landing like the German Volkswagen. Even the "latecomers" such as American GM, Guangzhou Honda and Japanese Toyota, after seeing the market prospect of China, rushed to cooperate with Chongqing Changan, which was evaluated by the industry as Ford's helpless move in China. It was also 20 years ago that General Motors of the United States talked with China about the first batch of automobile production projects. When China reported an annual output of 30,000 cars, the representative of General Motors of the United States thought that there was a "0" in the translation, but they were very surprised by such a small project. Because GM produces 6 million to 8 million cars every year. Some people say that starting from an enterprise with an annual output of 30 thousand vehicles, they don't know how to do it, and they don't know how to do it. So they "let" the opportunity to the Europeans, making GM lose the opportunity to cooperate. At that time, while many international giants were dismissive of China's automobile industry, German Volkswagen quietly explored the China market and finally established their market position in China. "6+3" laid the "3+9" pattern of China automobile. From the birth of the first "Jiefang" truck on 1956 to 2002, China sold more than 3.2 million cars, and China became the fourth largest automobile market in the world. Since 2002, the cooperation between Chinese and foreign automobile manufacturers has not been limited to a single model. The cooperation between FAW and Toyota, Dongfeng and Nissan, PSA, SAIC and GM has gradually deepened, and some even reorganized their assets after comprehensive cooperation. The scale and depth of their operations are unprecedented in the history of China's automobile development. On August 29th, 2002, FAW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation formally signed an agreement, and both parties will cooperate fully. Before cooperating with Toyota Motor Corporation, FAW Group had already completed its layout in China. Previously, it was reorganized with Tianjin Automobile Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Tianjin Automobile) on June 14, 2002, and then it was married with the joint venture company of Toyota in Sichuan Province and the parent company of Sichuan Toyota Automobile Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Sichuan Toyota) on August 22, 2002. All these have laid the foundation for the establishment of comprehensive cooperation between FAW and Toyota. On September 19, 2002, Dongfeng Group and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. signed a 50-year cooperation agreement, which set the largest cooperation project in China automobile industry so far. The two parties will jointly set up a new automobile company with a registered capital of 654.38+0.7 billion yuan, breaking the investment record of China automobile joint venture company. Just as France's Renault holds Nissan, Nissan is Renault, which is also the true meaning of Dongfeng, Nissan and Renault's "Golden Triangle" plan. On June 25th, 2002, Dongfeng Group and French Peugeot Citroen Group signed a new joint venture contract to expand cooperation. The two sides plan to launch new models of Peugeot and Citroen brands every year, and by 2004, more and more models will be produced. In addition, Dongfeng Motor, Jiangsu Da Yue and South Korea Kia also signed the Dongfeng Da Yue Kia Joint Venture Contract. On July 26th, 2002, "Jiangsu Da Yue Kia Motors Co., Ltd." was officially renamed as "Dongfeng Da Yue Kia Motors Co., Ltd.". In June, 2002, 65438+1October, 65438+March, SAIC bought a 0/0% share of Korean GM Daewoo/KLOC-0 for US$ 59.7 million, which marked the first time that China automobile enterprises really went abroad and participated in the restructuring and competition of the international automobile industry. 1 18 10 18, SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. jointly invested by SAIC, GM and liuzhou wuling was formally established. On February 20th, 2002, 65438+, SAIC, GM and SAIC-GM jointly acquired Shandong Yantai Automobile Body Co., Ltd. and moved the Sail production line to Shandong. With the comprehensive cooperation between SAIC and GM, FAW and Toyota, Dongfeng and Nissan, and PSA, the pattern of China's automobile industry has been initially determined, and the layout of automobile multinational companies in China has been basically completed. Compared with the "6+3" pattern of multinational automobile companies in the world, China automobile industry highlights the "3+9" pattern of China automobile with nine independent manufacturers such as FAW, Dongfeng and SAIC as market players. The pattern of "3+9" seems to have the meaning of monopoly competition with foreign giants, but behind the prosperity of China's automobile industry, the fact is that "3+9" is the number of "6+3" of multinational automobile giants (GM, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota, Volkswagen, Renault-Nissan, and relatively independent Honda, Peugeot-Citroen and BMW). The pattern that multinational auto giants dominate the China auto market has taken shape. According to statistics, the sum of production and sales of six multinational companies has exceeded 75% of the global total. Together with three independent automobile factories, the annual automobile production and sales of nine companies account for 92% of the total world market. Therefore, these giants dominate and monopolize the whole world market, leading the development trend of global automobile industry, and the pattern of China automobile industry is also dominated by them. The "3+9" pattern of nine independent manufacturers such as FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC and Guangqi Honda seems to have led China automobile enterprises to become bigger and stronger. Since the birth of the world automobile for more than one hundred years, from the initial free competition of hundreds of enterprises to the oligopoly competition of a few super multinational enterprises, this is not caused by other factors, but the inevitable result of market evolution and choice. China's automobile market cannot be independent of the world market, and the merger and reorganization of the international automobile industry is not over, but it will certainly affect the process of the merger and reorganization of the domestic automobile industry. At the same time, the merger and reorganization of China's automobile industry must take the international automobile industry as a reference. Just like why Japan's "Big Three"-Toyota, Honda and Nissan can all enter the "6+3" giant array of world cars, and South Korea's "monopoly"-Hyundai is also trying to seize the position of a big country with a rapid trend, which is determined by its own market position. From 2003 to 2005, it was the last three-year protection period for China's automobile industry after its entry into WTO. Only through market behavior can a number of pillar enterprises be formed naturally, and only through market competition can many automobile enterprises survive the fittest, and China's automobile industry can grow healthily and be in line with international standards, and gain a favorable position in the process of integrating into the overall situation of the world automobile industry. Some people say that the pattern of China's automobile industry has long been finalized, because the "6+3" giants have gradually laid the "3+9" pattern of China's automobiles. At present, the introduction of automobiles is mainly to restrict those non-automobile enterprises or small and medium-sized automobile enterprises that want to enter the automobile industry, and strive to create a "3+9" oligopoly competition pattern in China's automobile industry, so as to become one of the global automobile giants as soon as possible.