The land coastline is 3752 kilometers long, mainly for erosion coast, followed by accumulation coast, and the coastline is very tortuous. The tidal flat in intertidal zone covers an area of about 200,000 hectares, and the sediments are mainly silt, silt or sand mud. There are many harbors, including Shacheng Port, Sandu 'ao, Luoyuan Bay, Meizhou Bay, Xiamen Port and Dongshan Bay from north to south. There are 1500 islands scattered all over the country. Pingtan Island is now the largest island in the province. Xiamen Island, Dongshan Island and other original islands have built seawalls to connect with the land, forming a peninsula. Since the 1950 s, the railway development in Fujian has been struggling due to mountainous terrain and long-term combat readiness. Since 265438+20th century, according to the general idea of "building high-speed railway, strengthening sea passage, connecting regional routes and improving the Haixi road network", the economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait will focus on building a railway network with three verticals, six horizontals and nine rings. According to the plan, the railway operation mileage in Fujian Province will reach 6,000 kilometers, and the number of access roads in and out of Fujian Province will exceed 10, forming an express railway loop of nine districts and cities, forming a traffic circle of 1 hour between adjacent districts and cities, and all counties (cities, districts) in Fujian Province will get on the express railway within 1 hour. A systematic, perfect and advanced railway network on the west side of the Taiwan Strait will provide a strong traffic guarantee for the construction of the economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait. By 20 15, the scale of Fujian railway network will reach 4800 kilometers. By then, Fujian's traffic will be more convenient and fast.
By the end of 20 13 and 12, the railways built and under construction in Fujian Province include: Fengfu Railway, yingtan-Xiamen Railway, Gan Long Railway, Meikan Railway, Zhang Quan Railway, Wenfu High-speed Railway, fuzhou-xiamen railway Railway, Xia Long Railway, Xiangpu Railway and xiamen-shenzhen railway Railway. , basically formed a railway network.
2065438+On June 28th, 2005, Hefei-Fuzhou high-speed railway, the first high-speed railway with a design speed of 350km/h in the province, was officially put into operation.
Among them, the railways under construction are Fuping Railway (under construction), Nansanlong Express Railway (under construction), Pujianmei Express Railway (under construction), Gan Long Double Track Railway (under construction) and Quning Railway (under construction).
The traffic between Fujian and the Central Plains in ancient times was blocked and developed late. According to records, only after the Qin and Han Dynasties did the road lead to neighboring provinces. Sun Wu of the Three Kingdoms attacked Fujian five times, which promoted the development of Fujian road. In the fifth year of Tang Ganfu (878), Huang Chao led the army into Fujian, which opened a new channel between Fujian and Zhejiang. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the postal route in Fujian was developed and the postal system was gradually improved. In the Qing Dynasty, a relatively perfect land transportation network was formed. However, due to the continuous mountains and valleys in the territory, it has never been developed into a thoroughfare for horses and chariots.
Shortly after the Revolution of 1911, Xu Shiying was appointed as the Governor of Fujian and began to build roads in Fuzhou. In 5 years of the Republic of China (19 16), the first road from the Ministry of Water to Fujin Street in Taijiang was built. Yanfuquan Automobile Co., Ltd., a joint venture between government and business, plans to build an automobile highway from Nanping to Quanzhou via Fuzhou, and 5 kilometers from Fuzhou West Gate to Hongshan Bridge will be built in the following year, which is the first sound of highway construction in Fujian Province. At that time, patriotic overseas Chinese were enthusiastic about mulberry construction along the coast of southern Fujian, and many overseas Chinese and local gentry and businessmen initiated road construction. In 8 years of the Republic of China, Zhangfu Highway was completed, which was the first expressway in the province. However, due to the warlord regime and years of war, highway construction has been deeply affected. At the end of Beiyang government, only 465,438+02 kilometers of highways were built in the whole province, and most of them were confined to the southeast of Fujian. In 1930s, Fujian highways began to develop, and the Kuomintang government built inter-provincial highways such as Fujian-Guangdong, Fujian-Jiangxi and Fujian-Zhejiang for military needs. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, although there are still new roads in Fujian, most of the trunk roads connecting the sea and coastal roads have been destroyed. In the late period of the War of Liberation, the Kuomintang troops were seriously damaged along the way when they retreated and fell into disrepair for a long time. On the eve of liberation of 1949, the dilapidated roads in the province were only 3,384 kilometers, and only 945 kilometers were opened to traffic, with low standards and poor road conditions.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), social productive forces were liberated and industrial and agricultural production developed rapidly, which opened up broad prospects for the development of highway transportation. 1950 started large-scale highway construction. On the one hand, it is necessary to complete the task of building Qian Zhi Highway in East China to support the great cause of liberation and consolidate coastal defense; On the other hand, damaged roads must be completely repaired to support the recovery and development of industrial and agricultural production. By the end of 1952, the key highway construction tasks in the early support and recovery period were successfully completed. By the end of 1954, the original road restoration and reconstruction task has been fully completed, the technical condition of the road has been obviously improved, and the road has taken on a new look. From 1955, a large-scale new highway construction period began. By the end of 1957, the mileage of the whole province had reached 6034 kilometers, leaving only five counties without roads. This is the peak period of Fujian highway development, which laid the basic skeleton of Fujian highway. During the period of 1958, in the process of carrying out the road construction policy of "the whole party and the whole people run the traffic" and "the popularization of the land" (that is, relying on the local authorities, relying on the masses and popularizing the land), the county and township roads developed rapidly, and by the end of the year, the counties and counties were connected. By the end of 1960, the total highway mileage in the whole province had reached 13269 km, making 80% of people's communes (towns) and 55% of production brigades (villages) have highways. 1966 to 1976 highway construction was disturbed by the "cultural revolution" and was in a tortuous state of development.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the whole Party shifted its focus to socialist modernization. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, highway transportation has entered a new period. Highway work has changed from focusing solely on professional maintenance management to focusing on the management of the entire highway industry; From closed highway maintenance investment to pioneering multi-level, multi-channel and multi-form fund-raising road repair; From the simple road network in the past to the emphasis on outward radiation development, railway, water transport, aviation and other integrated transportation network. Gradually form a new highway network centered on Xiamen Special Economic Zone, Fuzhou-Mawei Economic Development Zone, the triangle of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in southern Fujian, radiating to the coast and inland. According to statistics, since the reform and opening up 1 1 year, the province has added new highways 1092 1 km and built 2,553 new bridges with 74,273 meters. By the end of 1989, the mileage of the whole province had reached 40030 kilometers, which was more than 42 times higher than the 945 kilometers when 1949 was liberated. The province's average highway density reaches 32.43 kilometers per 100 square kilometers, ranking fifth in the country, making Fujian a well-connected highway network with the provincial capital as the center and connecting cities and counties, industrial and mining bases, major ports and tourist attractions in the province.
In 20 12 years, the mileage of highways was 94,660.86 kilometers, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. Among them, the Haixi expressway network is 3,500 kilometers, an increase of 29.2%.
Goods transportation completed in 20 12 years: 594,307,800 tons, an increase of13.1%over the previous year; The cargo turnover was 77 109 million tons/km, up by/kloc-0.6.9% over the previous year.
Passenger traffic in 20 12 years: 750446438+06000 passengers were sent, up by 2.4% over the previous year; Passenger turnover was 36.852 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 2.3% over the previous year. According to the data of the second national land survey, in 20 10, the total land area of the whole province was12,393,400 hectares, including agricultural land10,95550 hectares, construction land of 729,200 hectares and unused land of 708,700 hectares. Among the agricultural land, the cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.3385 million hectares.
Cultivated land is mainly concentrated in coastal plains, river basins, valleys and low hilly terraces. The soil types in Fujian Province are mainly red soil and yellow soil, and lateritic red soil and lateritic red soil are also distributed. resident
According to the sixth national census, the resident population in Fujian Province is 368,94216, which is 21793,865,435 higher than the zero point of the fifth national census in 2000, and 217935,435 higher in ten years.
At the end of 20 15, the resident population of the province was 38.39 million, an increase of 330,000 over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 53 1.300, and the death population was 233,200. In terms of gender structure, the male population is19.49 million, and the female population is18.9 million. The sex ratio of the total population is 103. 12 (female population is 100). In terms of age composition, the population of 15 to under 65 years old (excluding 65 years old) is 28.92 million. The population aged 65 and over is 3.24 million. From the perspective of urban and rural structure, the urban resident population is 24.03 million, and the rural resident population is14.36 million.
Family population
In 20 10, there were1206844 households with a population of 33397662, with an average of 2.98, which was 0.55 less than the 3.53 in the fifth national census in 2000.
age distribution
In 20 14 years, among the permanent residents in Fujian province, the population aged 0- 14 was 5705674, accounting for15.46%; 15-59 years old population is 2696 145, accounting for 73.12%; The population aged 60 and above is 42 12397, accounting for 1 1.42%, of which the population aged 65 and above is 29 12 140, accounting for 7.89%. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the proportion of people aged 0- 14 decreased by 7.55 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-59 increased by 5.68 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 60 and over increased by 1.87 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and over increased by/kloc-0.
Urban and rural population
In 20 14, the resident population of Fujian province was 2 1064429, accounting for 57.09%. The population living in rural areas is 15829787, accounting for 42.9438+0%. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the urban population increased by 66,32419, the rural population decreased by 4,453,038, and the proportion of urban population increased by 15.52 percentage points.
floating population
In 20 14 years, among the permanent residents in Fujian province, there were 1 1074527 people whose residence was inconsistent with the township streets where their household registration was located and who had left their household registration for more than half a year, among whom 830446 people were separated from their families in municipal districts. The foreign population with foreign household registration is 43 13602. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the residence is inconsistent with the township streets where the household registration is located, and the population who has left the household registration for more than half a year has increased by 5 163304, an increase of 87.35%, and the immigrant population with foreign household registration has increased by 2 168334, an increase of1.000. Regional distribution of resident population in Fujian Province accounts for the proportion of regional population (%) Population density (person/km2) Fujian Province 368942 16 100 298 Fuzhou City 71537019.29581Xiamen City 353/.
level of education
In 20 10, among the permanent residents in Fujian province, there were 3,084,679 with junior college education, 565,438 with high school education (including technical secondary schools), 65,438 with junior high school education and 65,438 with primary school education. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the number of junior college graduates increased from 2,967 to 836 1 person, the number of senior high school graduates increased from 10602 to 13876, and the number of junior high school graduates increased from 33,708 to 37,886. Among the permanent residents in Fujian Province, the illiterate population (1population aged 5 and above) is 899,845, which is1600,503 less than that in the fifth national census in 2000, and the illiteracy rate has dropped from 7.20% to 2.44%, a decrease of 4.76 percentage points. Among the permanent residents in Fujian Province, the population of Han nationality is 3609736 1, accounting for 97.84%. The population of ethnic minorities is 796,855, accounting for 2. 16%. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Han nationality increased by 1962607, an increase of 5.75%; The population of ethnic minorities increased by 2 16774, an increase of 37.37%.
Fujian is a region where ethnic minorities live together, with 54 ethnic groups and a population of 583,800, accounting for 1.7% of the total population of Fujian Province. Among them, the population of She nationality is 375 1, accounting for 64.3% of the minority population in Fujian Province and 52.9% of the national population of She nationality, making it the province with the largest population of She nationality in China. Hui population109800, accounting for 18.8% of the minority population in Fujian Province. The population of Gaoshan nationality is 477, which is about 10% of the population in mainland China. It is a province with a large population of Gaoshan nationality in Chinese mainland. There are 0/9 counties (cities, districts) with a population of over 10,000 ethnic minorities, 0/50 townships (towns, streets) with a population of over 1,000, and 0/8 ethnic townships (including 7 she townships 17 and 0/1 Hui townships/kloc).