Many enterprises, even restaurant owners, have begun to look for quick paths, rationally allocate transportation capacity, control the number of purchases, and try to digest the price increase pressure brought by logistics elements. How to effectively reduce logistics costs and improve logistics efficiency has become a key proposition of enterprise management.
Logistics management of dumplings
Three years ago, Hu opened a dumpling restaurant in Nanxiaobu, and business is still booming. Many residents in surrounding communities often visit small shops, and some old customers can eat half a catty of jiaozi at a time. Manager Hu said, "Although the business is not bad now, what bothers me during the opening period is how to purchase goods every day, and many profits are eaten up by logistics."
At the beginning, each of our customers sold 10 roasted dumplings at a price of 5 yuan. The direct costs are dumpling stuffing, dumpling wrapper, seasoning and fuel, and the cost per jiaozi is about 20 cents. Although there is room for price difference, manager Hu's shop has a large amount of surplus raw materials every day, and these purchased raw materials are not used every once in a while, so there is always no money. Including labor, water and electricity, rent and other operating costs. The cost in jiaozi is close to 40 cents.
Manager Hu is very emotional. If 1 000 jiaozi is sold in one day and 500 jiaozi raw materials are surplus, which is equivalent to a loss of about 1 yuan, and the logistics cost of each jiaozi is 1 minute. Coupled with the increase in grain prices at the beginning of the previous year, the profits are getting thinner and thinner.
The key is quantity control and accurate supply. In fact, the number of jiaozi is difficult to grasp. Do less, sometimes people come to buy, can't wait to do it now, and watch the money they want fly away; Do too much and you will have to leave it.
Theoretically, there are generally two modes of supply: daily ration, which usually starts at 10 in the morning and ends at 9: 00 in the evening, which may lead to the loss of passengers; According to past experience, the daily consumption of flour is relatively large, because flour is used for any stuffing, so the demand for this part is relatively fixed.
Later, manager Hu opened two chain stores, and the supply of raw materials needed to be arranged as a whole. The raw materials of dumpling stuffing should be predicted daily according to the consumption of the previous day, and then purchased according to the list of raw materials. Purchase twice a day, replenish according to the consumption in the morning in the afternoon, and purchase the demand for the next day in the evening.
Although the sparrow is small, it has all aspects. The logistics management of dumplings is also not allowed to make mistakes. Manager Hu consulted some logistics experts, which is the contradiction between demand fluctuation and limited production capacity. In large enterprises, they usually improve their production flexibility to meet the changing market demand.
But for a small shop with limited business scale, it is too difficult to do this. Therefore, it is suggested to find ways to adjust the needs of customers to meet the limited production capacity, which is called balanced logistics in logistics terminology. For example, the daily meal peak hours are 12: 00- 13: 00 and 19: 00-20: 00, and Manager Hu chooses11:00-1:45.
If the demand fluctuates greatly, that is to say, when there is a great demand for a certain kind of jiaozi, for example, the stuffing of Chinese cabbage that customers want is gone, Manager Hu asks the clerk to sell beef and mutton stuffing, and at the same time, improve the storefront environment, install air conditioning and provide magazines and newspapers, so that the average waiting time of customers in the store can be extended from 5 minutes to 10 minute.
Manager Hu has been doing business in jiaozi for three years. From the initial logistics cost of 1 dime shared by each jiaozi to 50 cents last year, the cost is even lower this year. Due to the long delivery time, the types and quantity of demand are relatively fixed, and the logistics cost of each delivery is effectively controlled, which is about 20 cents, mainly the expenditure on purchasing labor and transportation vehicles.
Improving transportation efficiency can save money.
Last Friday, Hangzhou Aopu Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. delivered 700 warm and colorful Yuba to the Shanghai market. The local price of these yuba in the Spring Festival market is 350 yuan per set, and the average logistics cost is 5 yuan money, accounting for 1.4% of the selling price, mainly including direct costs such as transportation insurance, gasoline and labor costs.
Sun Lijun, deputy general manager of Aopu Electric, said that this ratio is relatively stable. Whether it is Sichuan, Beijing or Xinjiang, the total selling price will increase accordingly after the freight rate increases. Calculated from the markets all over the country, the cost of each logistics is between 5-7 yuan.
Generally, more than 80% of commodity cost is circulation cost, 80% of circulation cost is logistics cost, and logistics accounts for more than 64% of commodity cost. Only 5% of goods need to be processed from production to end users, and the remaining 95% is used for logistics.
Starting from five years ago, enterprises began to introduce logistics management. From its reasonable deployment to the rise of the third-party logistics enterprises, the average logistics cost of Aopu Electric dropped from 10 yuan to 5 yuan. Considering that the logistics cost is mainly composed of inventory cost, transportation cost and management cost, transportation insurance, oil price and other expenses are increasing year by year, enterprises can only make room for saving money from inventory and management.
Wang Cunliang, an executive of Hangzhou Suda Logistics Co., Ltd. said: "In the past, it took at least two days, and it took one day to find a car, but now it can be done in an hour or two." . In the past, the fixed cost of a 5-ton car from Hangzhou to Xiamen reached 3,300 yuan, but now it only needs 1.500 yuan, which saves more than half, because the dispatching management level has improved.
For an obvious example, Op Company transports 700 electrical appliances to the Shanghai market, and the local storage cost in Hangzhou is about 1 1,000 yuan per day. If the product goes offline in the afternoon, it can be directly on the road without delay. Even if the price of oil and labor increases by 500 yuan, the enterprise still saves 500 yuan in logistics costs. It can be seen that the source of profit is more concentrated on reducing inventory and accelerating capital turnover.
Due to the surrounding logistics bases such as Kangqiao, including Aopu Electric, the speed of raw materials and products of enterprises located in Jiubao Town and Xiangfuqiao has obviously accelerated. You know, from Chuanhua Logistics Base, it takes less than 32 hours to transport a car full of 5.5 tons of imported cotton cloth to Nanjing, from the time when the consignor places an order to the time when the goods arrive at the destination, which was unimaginable in the past.
It is worth noting that the orientation and goal of Hangzhou's logistics development is to "build Hangzhou into an important modern logistics hub city in the Yangtze River Delta and a comprehensive logistics center in Zhejiang Province", and three key areas, five key areas (Xiasha, Jiangnan, Linping, Jiangdong and Cambridge), several logistics functional areas and several logistics centers have been identified.
Voice:
The key to efficient logistics is to form a balance between service performance and total cost. This balance is reflected in many aspects, even a small dumpling restaurant is no exception. —— Manager Hu of Hongyan Dumpling House
The most important and basic measure to reduce logistics cost is to choose a reasonable mode of transportation, a reasonable resource allocation system and reduce unnecessary costs in intermediate links. Secondly, it is necessary to integrate all kinds of effective resources and give full play to the advantages of enterprises, while a higher level of cost saving is to make full use of modern information means and grasp the information trends of the industry, which is still difficult to implement at present. —— Liu Xian, Deputy General Manager of Jinqiao Logistics
Authoritative person:
There is still room for the price of logistics to fall. At present, the primary problem is too scattered. There are more than 2 million transportation companies in China, managing 5 million to 6 million trucks. Counting the administrative expenses for delay, approval and dealing with many small companies, multinational companies spend about 20% of their operating costs on logistics-related affairs in China, while in developed countries, the average is only about 10%. -Jung, Vice President of Boston Consulting Group in China
Noun explanation:
Modern logistics generally refers to the effective flow of raw materials and finished products from the starting point to the end point and the whole process of related information. It organically combines transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, processing, sorting, distribution and information to form a complete supply chain and provide users with multifunctional and integrated comprehensive services.