First, there must be a certain order of observation.
Static things can be observed in the order of "whole-part-whole". First of all, look at the whole, roughly understand the external outline and shape of things, and have a preliminary understanding of things. Then make a concrete observation of things. You can also observe the situation in the order of "cause-development-* *-result", or in the order of time lapse and spatial position transformation. The order of observation is from outside to inside, from main to secondary, from top to bottom, from far to near, from part to whole ... Only by observing orderly can students have a more comprehensive understanding of things. In teaching, the order of observation should be determined according to the timing of students' composition.
Second, observe and grasp the characteristics.
Observing things should not only understand their overall outline and external form, but also carefully understand the basic characteristics of fifteen parts. For example, to observe a person, we must grasp the characteristics of the character's appearance, speech, behavior and inner activities. How can we grasp the characteristics of things? Characteristics refer to the uniqueness of people or things. As the saying goes, "only contrast can distinguish." Therefore, in teaching, students should be guided to observe and compare things, find their similarities and differences, and capture their characteristics. The articles written in this way will be vivid and prevent the phenomenon of "one thousand people". For example, write about rain, so that students can understand the different characteristics of "silent rain", "greater than bead curtain" and "downpour" through observation. By guiding students to observe things according to their characteristics, students' ability to distinguish similarities and differences is improved, and students can write their own personalities in their compositions.
Third, associate with emotional observation.
In observation, students should be instructed to integrate their feelings with things and deeply experience the process of their emotional changes and psychological activities. Express your emotional experience, hatred, hobbies and psychological activities, and also write down your inspiration. Only by experiencing with emotion and observing with heart can we have a deep feeling for the observed object, and the articles written will have true feelings and arouse the readers' emotions.
By observing and capturing the external characteristics of things or people, we can understand the appearance of things or people. But not profound, in order to strengthen the understanding of things or people. Therefore, it is necessary to further analyze and speculate or do some investigation and study, explore the origin of appearance or external characteristics, and understand the internal or symbolic meaning contained in the external characteristics of things. If we observe flowers, we should not only observe the shape, color and taste of flowers, but also guide students to think of people who like flowers-picturesque people, children and so on. People who grow flowers-gardeners in the garden, hard-working teachers. After understanding the internal meaning of things, choose the external features of things around this center, and remove other features that have nothing to do with the internal meaning to prevent nonsense that has nothing to do with the center when writing a composition.
Writing an observation composition is eclectic, striving to be unconventional, trying to overcome the mindset, writing whatever you see and think of, as long as you tidy up the observation and write it smoothly, concretely, centrally and with feelings. In fact, composition is not difficult, observation is the key, and it is important to keep practicing.
2. Observe how to write your composition. Hello, I'm glad to answer your question.
You should carefully observe what you want to write, write down what you see, and be true.
And optimize the language and use more sentence patterns, such as metaphor, personification, parallelism and so on. ...
Just add a little imagination.
One day, I went home alone. Walking and watching the scenery, walking and walking, I saw many ants walking in groups. I followed them, and the ants went into higher soil and began to build nests .. I watched for a long time, and suddenly, the raindrops as big as beans fell on my head. It turns out that ants moved to this higher soil to nest in order to prevent the rain from washing away their' home'! ! In the future, I will observe ants to know when it will rain. After my careful observation, I know that dragonflies fly very low and it's going to rain! !
……
You can make up the rest yourself, and you will! !
I hope it helps you! ! !
3. Observe how to write a composition in our school. Every day, we carry heavy schoolbags into the campus. The bright colors we see make our schoolbags light and fragrant, and lift our heavy eyelids-it is the most beautiful place on our campus and a paradise for us to play during recess. This is a beautiful country garden!
Our garden is divided into four parts, and each part has different beauty.
Into the school gate, next to-two flower beds are smaller. It is covered with layers of green carpets-grass, green balloons-shrubs. Light green deepens green and forms a green ocean!
There are two flower beds in front of the teaching building, both of which are relatively large and beautiful.
Oriental flower beds collect happy energy for us. Around, a row of thorns guarded the flower bed like heroic soldiers. There is a gazebo in the middle, and there is an old tree in the gazebo. Its branches and leaves are wrapped around the pavilion, forming a natural green roof. In hot summer, the sun shines on my body and it hurts. At this time, the old tree is still green and tall, as if to say to us: "children, come to my branches and leaves, where you can get shade and happiness." Hiding in the shade, we can still play, and the hot sun seems to have disappeared. Our happiness is hidden in the gazebo.
Surrounded by green grass, shrubs formed a "smiling face". When we are worried about exams and homework, seeing that bright "smile" is like seeing the first ray of sunshine in a cold winter night, and our hearts are full of confidence and hope. That "smile" reminds us: "We should face everything happily. Now that it has happened, why not face it with a smile? Like me, bloom happily! " Smiling face is surrounded by shrubs. This cluster and that cluster are surrounded by flowers, this cluster and that cluster. They form many crescent-shaped smiling mouths. A gust of wind blew, and they nodded and shook their heads, as if to say, "Let's laugh together and have fun! hahaha. . . . . . "
The flower beds in the east are happy, but what about the west? It's beautiful.
Surrounded by flowers and green grass, a beautiful "seven-color flower"-all kinds of shrubs bloom in the center of the flower bed. Heart-shaped petals seem to be in bud, no, they are carefully cultivated and trimmed in seeds. That petal is also like a raindrop-shaped petal, so it looks more like a flower that absorbs the natural aura-raindrops are natural things! It is said that it is a "seven-colored flower", but in fact it looks more and more like clover to me. Because the leaves of clover are heart-shaped, and a row of flowers near it can just be regarded as its stem! In short, whether it is seven-color flowers or clover, or anything else, it is the most beautiful.
Next to that "bush flower", it is even more lively: peony, pear flower, winter jasmine and so on. Smile, as if it were more beautiful there! Look!
Peony wears all the skirts on her body, layer by layer, and rolls up the edges of the skirts every day; Rose desperately sprinkled perfume on the skirt, making it fragrant; Winter jasmine takes care of every short skirt in the fashion world: a little wrinkled here and a little exposed there. She is really a fashion stylist; Pear flower chose the purest color-white. It feels very satisfied, and white looks good and doesn't need to spend too much time choosing other colors. When all the flowers are in full bloom, the green of the flower bed is almost "coming to an end". Looking down from a height, except for the flowers composed of shrubs, the lawn is red here, blue there, yellow here and white there, and occasionally a few clusters of grass appear, not much.
Are the flower beds in our school beautiful? Their beauty can be felt with their noses, hands and eyes. They lie quietly on campus, study and play with us, and bring us happiness and beauty.
I love these plants that accompany us, and I love every scenery in my campus! ! !
4. Find out how to write your composition. The first and most important thing is not to be afraid of writing badly. Be sure to practice more, then give it to the teacher for evaluation, and then modify the evaluation until you are satisfied.
I'm sure the teacher won't bother. Here are a few more points.
1. Writing means speaking with a pen. 1. Write whatever you say. 2. Tell the truth. Write whatever you say. 2. Learn to pay attention to the "content" (what to write) of things around you and decide the "form" (how to write). Writing material is the first, overwhelming. When writing, nothing to say, nothing to write, is the most worrying.
As the saying goes, "a clever woman can't cook without rice." So, how can we make the composition have something to say and something to write? There are several ways out, among which learning to observe and forming the habit of paying attention to things around you and life is the most important way.
Balzac, a great French writer, once said: "Life is nothing more than a bunch of small situations, and the greatest enthusiasm is controlled by these situations." Some people may complain that life is monotonous now, and the surroundings of life are even more boring, and there is nothing to observe and pay attention to.
Is that really the case? Life itself is a flower tube, and today's life is more colorful and full of colorful sunshine. As long as we pay attention to observation and feelings, we will find that there are many things around us that can be written; As long as we love life, pay attention to the life around us and think seriously, we will find that there are many seemingly insignificant things in life, which are really good composition materials.
In a word, there are endless contents in life. It can be said that life is full of articles.
I'm afraid of blindfolding, plugging my ears, turning a blind eye, listening but not hearing. Learning to pay attention to things around you is not an easy task, and it needs to take "three steps": the first step is to learn to follow and observe; The second step is to learn to observe directionally; The third step is to learn to observe at random.
4. Learn to follow and observe. Learn to observe at random, that is, in your own life, in the face of a colorful world, pay attention to observation at any time and place, and capture people, events and scenes in all aspects of life in time, as well as events that you accidentally see, hear and think of. Random observation, no preparation in advance, no special purpose and direction.
Therefore, this kind of observation is difficult to achieve. Paying attention to life and developing good observation habits are the highest stage of learning. Of course, it is also the goal that students should strive to achieve. Because most of the materials in the composition come from "random observation".
This requires us to keep our ears (listening), eyes (seeing), hands (touching) and hearts (thinking) no matter where we go and what we do (going to school, shopping malls, markets, visiting relatives, watching movies, traveling, visiting, etc.). In short, the scope of random observation has expanded to the extent of one's own life; Pay attention everywhere and be a person with a conscience in life; Random observation should be brought into life and become a part of life. The practice of seeking quick success through observation for the present composition should be completely abandoned.
Pay attention to learning and articles everywhere. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous writer, once emphasized: "It is a preparation to develop the habit of accurate observation and careful understanding in real life. If you don't write articles, you have to form this habit.
If developed, it will be of great use to writing articles. Third, pay attention to the accumulation of composition materials. Solve the problem of "not writing" in composition, learn to observe and form the habit of paying attention to the life around you. This is the premise.
On this basis, I am still learning to accumulate materials. To accumulate materials is to take notes in time and store what you have seen, heard and thought, or meaningful and interesting experiences.
Accumulating materials can strengthen memory and resist forgetting. If the material is not recorded in time, it will be blurred and forgotten over time.
The more materials are acquired and accumulated, the greater the space for optimizing and screening materials when writing. With an empty mind, there will naturally be no good materials to choose from when writing.
In addition, strengthening accumulation can gradually improve your understanding ability. With the improvement of cognitive ability, the level of composition will naturally become easier.
The best way to accumulate materials is to prepare a small notebook, record materials and store composition information. This notebook is a material library. When you need to write a composition, turn it over, look for it and give the information.
You don't have to worry about what to write when you write like this. There are many ways to accumulate composition materials, including observing the surrounding life, accumulating in one's own life, accumulating in communication with others, accumulating in reading inside and outside class, and accumulating in one's own composition.
6. Accumulate material from observation 7. Accumulate material from life 8. The specific methods of accumulating materials from reading are: (1) writing reading notes. For example: ① extract aphorisms, beautiful words and phrases, main points of the article, or record the wonderful fragments, good beginning and end of the original text (abstract reading notes).
(2) summarize the main content of the article or the subheadings of each paragraph (department) (inductive and outline reading notes). (3) Write your opinion on the characters and events in the article, or on the writing form of the article (comment on reading notes).
(4) Write out the feelings and experiences after reading (perceptual reading notes). ⑤ Rewrite the article, or expand or supplement a part of the article, or continue to write the end of the article (imaginative reading notes).
What needs to be emphasized is that when writing reading notes, it is best to build a book by category for future reference. (2) making newspaper clippings.
Cut out what you need from the subscribed newspapers and paste it in the newspaper clippings. It's best to classify newspaper clippings and have a catalogue for easy search and use.
(3) Make reading cards. After reading a book (or an article), make a reading card, and write down the title (or article name), author, name of publishing house (or newspaper) and the main contents of the book (or article) on the card.
Never perfunctory, be sure to write carefully. After a long time, you will find yourself writing better and better, and you will gradually like writing.
5. Observe how the first line of the diary composition is written. First write down the date and day of the week. The format of the text is the same as that of the composition. It's sunny today on Friday, June 26th (it doesn't have to start today, of course).
Give you another model essay! ：
Mung beans are not unusual. It is not unusual to grow mung beans. I did an unusual thing.
Monday, October 20th, 2003/KLOC-0 is cloudy.
life
As soon as I got home from school, I happily took a small bowl, put some cotton and sprinkled 30~40 mung beans-the habitat was ready! I jumped up and down with joy and went to the toilet to water it ... Looking at the little mung bean that began to swell, my heart was full of joy.
Saturday, October 25th, 2003/KLOC-0, cloudy with light rain.
grow up
I always go home after six o'clock in the afternoon these days. I never took care of it, but my grandparents took care of it and became "grandparents grow mung beans" This weekend, I have a chance to see it. Oh! Don't wait five days, it's time to sit up and take notice again-Zhang Gao is much taller! Oh, yes, it has long stems and green leaves, but can it eat? ! Grandma said: "mung bean sprouts are not delicious!" " Go ahead and do your homework. "
Monday, October 27th, 2003/KLOC-0 is cloudy.
life
Continuous rain makes bean sprouts grow taller, stronger and greener. When I get up in the morning, I first look at the windowsill: it's a little green. Like ivy on the glass, like chubby green lizard, it looks quite energetic in the small sunshine. Compared with a few days ago, it's a world of difference: nine times out of ten, the bowls are all red now, and two or three green leaves are like a pair of wings, like a group of green, slender and lovely little angels. Looking at them, I feel a kind of excitement and expectation. "It's time to water, grandma. Don't make them thirsty. "
On June 365438+ 10, 2003, it was sunny on Friday.
disaster
As soon as I get home, the first thing is to look at my little bean sprouts. It cried. "Little angel" became "old lady". Grandma said, "It was still wet a few days ago, and it grew fast and strong. God is merciless. It's sunny suddenly today. Could it have been an accident? Well, as soon as I get home from shopping. Water it and move it to the bedroom-it's still dead. " Dead? My heart was shocked. I swallowed water and turned into the house.
"Hua ..." It's raining. Looking through the crack of the door, the rain is dotted with a little green, then yellow and finally brown. I closed the door and watched the rain, and my heart was wet.
Mung beans are not unusual. It is not unusual to grow mung beans. I did an unusual thing.
Hope to adopt. Thank you.
6. Observe how to write a composition. 3. The teacher observes with you.
(1) The content of observation is very rich, and people, things, objects and scenery in the world can all enter our observation range. (2) Be an observant "man of heart" in life.
For example, when writing about a familiar person, we must observe the person's appearance, clothes, actions, words, and even what will be in this person's heart. We must observe and think. (3) It is necessary to use various sensory organs of the body to observe and improve the quality of observation.
If we observe chrysanthemum, we should not only see it, but also smell its fragrance through our sense of smell and feel the true face of chrysanthemum through our hands. (4) The observation should be comprehensive and meticulous, choose what you are most interested in and want to write, and write out the new findings in the observation.
For example, when bloom, what strange flying skills did bees have, but they played a big trick, how to find the lost camel skillfully? What interesting content! We can make careful observation and interesting experiments on animals and plants and discover some little secrets; You can observe things deeply and find valuable things in play. In short, only by diligent observation and careful thinking can we find something.
For example, it is Levin Hook who is good at observing and thinking in the process of playing in "Playing tricks", which makes him play a famous game that shocked the world. The text describes how Levin Hooke played a famous game from three aspects: while watching the door, he polished his glasses and played with a magnifying glass; Then play with a magnifying glass, put two magnifying glasses together and invented a microscope; The next thing I wrote was that I found microorganisms while playing with a microscope.
(5) When observing, we should pay attention to the analysis and understanding of the relationship between the development and change of things and master its laws. Think more about what you have observed: what is the real reason for this? What is the real result? Is there a connection between cause and effect? Only by careful observation can we be familiar with things, and familiar with things can we write good compositions.
7. How to write an observation composition 1? Observe plants to write.
We live in a colorful world of plants. Pay more attention to observation at ordinary times, so as to gradually understand the growth laws of various plants and correctly reflect the phenomena related to plants when writing. Generally, the following methods can be used to observe and understand a plant: 1, observing by parts.
That is to say, look at the whole first, and then observe each part in a certain order from the aspects of roots, stems, branches, leaves and fruits. For example, bamboo nodes have underground roots and fibrous roots; Bamboo stems are cylindrical, hollow and jointed; The leaves are long and narrow and the veins are parallel; Bamboo teeth are called bamboo shoots; Old bamboos over 60 years old will blossom and bear fruit.
The shape of bamboo is clear, straight and upright. 2. Observe by stages.
In order to fully understand a plant, it is necessary to observe it for a long time according to its growth process. Because plants develop, grow, develop, bear fruit and die in nature, the shape of each period is different.
For example, the new leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are bright red, and then gradually grow into bright green. Within a few months, the longer the leaves, the longer the vines.
Parthenocissus tricuspidata has a petiole on its stem, and there are six or seven branched filaments on its reverse side, each of which is like a snail's antenna. The new filaments are also bright red, which are the feet of Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
When the foot touches the wall, the heads of six or seven filaments turn into small disks, which hold the wall, hold the tender stems and cling to the wall. In this way, I climbed onto the roof one by one.
The feet that didn't touch the wall withered in a few days. The thin and small disk that touched the wall turned gray and stuck firmly to the wall.
In summer, the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are densely layered; Autumn leaves are yellow and withered; In winter, the walls are full of houses, leaving only withered vines criss-crossing. The spring breeze will break out in the coming year, and it will be revived after death.
3. Comparative observation. There are many plants in nature, and some plants with similar shapes can only be distinguished by comparison.
For example, roses, Chinese rose and Chinese rose all belong to the same category, and they are all ornamental flowers. They are colorful, fragrant and similar in shape.
If we compare the three kinds of flowers together, we can find out their differences. Different leaves, Chinese rose leaves, 3-5 pieces per stalk, smooth; 5-9 roses, pilose; 5-9 roses with concave veins and wrinkles.
Different flowers, roses, single flowers, long stems, many colors, flower diameter more than 5 cm; Roses, flower clusters form panicles, corymbose inflorescences, and flowers are about 3 cm in diameter; Rose, a solitary flower or tribal flower, has two kinds: red and white, with short stems. The thorns and fruits of these three kinds of flowers are also different.
The above methods are commonly used to observe plants and can be used flexibly. After carefully observing plants with these methods, write down the observed things in a certain order, which is a well-organized and substantial article.
Second, observe the scenery and write. Writing character notes is always inseparable from the description of the scenery.
Proper scenery description is very important for expressing characters' thoughts and feelings, creating environmental atmosphere, and highlighting characters' images and central ideas. Generally speaking, observing landscape writing should pay attention to the following points: 1. Pay attention to the seasonal characteristics of the scenery.
All the year round, different seasons, different times, different scenery. The seasons are changing and the scenery is different.
The seasons are changing, and the scenery of nature is also changing. What flowers bloom in what season and what crops grow in what season, we should pay attention to them in our daily life, keep them in mind and never do whatever we want. 2. Pay attention to the static, dynamic and color description of the scene.
For static and dynamic scenes, it is usually to write their static or dynamic directly. You can also combine static and dynamic writing, static writing and dynamic writing, or dynamic writing and static writing by contrast.
We often say that "it's quiet enough to hear the sound of an embroidery needle falling to the ground" and "silence is better than sound" are all described in this way. If we study this method seriously, we can make the dynamic and static scenery more vivid.
The colors of natural scenery are ever-changing, colorful and inexhaustible. Describing the color of the scenery is an important way to add color to the article, but it must be appropriate. Too much "makeup" will be boring.
3. Pay attention to describing the foothold and order. Different people's positions and angles make the same scenery look very different.
For example, standing at the top of Lushan Mountain to see the waterfall, there is no feeling of "suspecting that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", but standing at the foot of Lushan Mountain to see the waterfall, like a long white practice, pouring down from the mountain. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "The incense burner in Rizhao produces purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Yuanchuan.
The poem "Flying down three thousands of feet, I doubt that the Milky Way will set for nine days" was written after standing at the foot of the mountain and watching the waterfall. After the foothold is determined, we should also pay attention to the order of scenery description.
Generally speaking, there are three orders of landscape writing. One is spatial order, who writes methodically according to the distance, up and down, left and right of the scene; The second is chronological order, that is, writing according to the order in which the scenes appear; The third is to write according to the order of importance of scenery in the author's mind. Third, observe the writing of animals.
Children generally love small animals and always want to write them down after seeing them. So how to observe and describe small animals should generally pay attention to the following three points. 1, pay attention to observe and describe the shape of animals.
For example, we studied Gecko, and the author introduced the appearance of Gecko to us step by step. Feet like ivy feet; Head triangle; Mouth, can't see clearly; Eyes are very smart; The tail is long and thin; Dressing patterns.
According to the order from bottom to top, from front to back, from part to whole, the appearance characteristics of gecko were observed in detail, which reflected that gecko was a clever little animal. Observing and describing the shape of animals can also directly summarize the external characteristics of animals as a whole.
For example, most of the magpie's feathers are black and green, but there are white feathers on the shoulders and abdomen, which looks simple and clean. Magpie's posture is light and beautiful, and its singing is crisp and loud, which makes people feel happy.
This passage summarizes the three appearance characteristics of magpies as a whole. 2. Pay attention to the activities of animals.
In sports training, we should not only know animals from their appearance, but also need people to observe and understand animals from their activities, so as to fully understand and describe animals. Observe and understand animal activities.
8. How to write an observation composition for the fourth grade? When I came home from school today, I took some soybeans, put them in a small bowl and poured some cold water into them. Do you know what I do? Yes, I want to soak soybeans! Dad told me that it would take several hours for soybeans to change. I kept a close eye on the soybean's every move, as if afraid that it would run away. After just over an hour, I couldn't wait to investigate. Who knows, it is so heavy that it stays where it is. I couldn't help being anxious, and secretly said to myself, "Little soybean, change it quickly, and don't make me impatient!" " "But little Dai Dou unmoved, as if angry with me, still go its own way. After more than three hours, thankfully, the small soybeans finally softened, and with a little slight change, the color of the rice grains also faded. " You finally understand my trick. "I have a little secret happiness.
Go home as soon as school is over today, and change the water for the small soybean quickly to avoid its depression. At this time, I found that the small soybean was fat and bulging. "Look how greedy you are!" I said to it humorously. The small soybean seems to be hot, so it lifts its yellow coat and shows its white fat belly, just like a general. There is a crack in its body, as if it were grinning at me! I also smile.
Today, I found that almost all the skins of small soybeans have been peeled off. I just wanted to help it peel off the skin, but I held back when I thought that my father said that I couldn't eat hot tofu in a hurry. The taste of small soybeans has not changed, but it is still slightly sweet. The thought of peeling small soybeans fills my heart with joy, as if a bear had eaten honey.
Today, I smelled the beans, which were very sour. Small beans seem to have taken an "acid bath" and still have a little taste. I touched the skin of a small soybean, tender as tofu, and it broke when I pinched it. Some small soybeans are cracked like two small semicircles. It's a pity that my father fell down, because my little soybean filled my home with sour taste. I'm really sad!
This little soybean is really interesting!
Can you solve your problem?