The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and there are more and more mosquitoes. It's the year of fighting mosquitoes again. As long as mosquitoes don't leave, this war will be staged one after another. Especially for families with children, mosquitoes are simply the number one enemy. In fact, once you know their habits, it is not difficult to deal with this small mosquito. So who do mosquitoes like to bite? How on earth should we kill mosquitoes? How can we safely stay away from mosquito bites and draw a satisfactory end to this long-running human-mosquito war as soon as possible?
Mosquito's business card
Mosquitoes, belonging to Insecta, Diptera and Mosquitoidae, are tiny flying insects with sucking mouthparts. According to relevant data, the ancestors of mosquitoes evolved in Jurassic1.700 million years ago. The earliest fossil evidence was found in Cretaceous strata, which is about three times that of existing species. Mosquitoes first evolved in what is now South America, and then gradually migrated north to Laocrow Valley, and then moved south to the tropics. At present, mosquitoes are distributed in all continents except Antarctica. There are about 3,000 species and subspecies in the world, and there are 33 species and subspecies of 15 genus in China.
Mosquito's life goes through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Mosquitoes like to lay eggs in clear water, such as rivers, rain pools, ponds, ponds, rice fields and mountain streams. In warm seasons, eggs can hatch in about three days and begin to eat tiny microorganisms and protozoa growing in water. They lean on two air holes at the end of their bodies and suck air near the water surface. After molting, the baby finally stops eating and becomes a pupa. After about two or three days, the pupa surfaced, shed its skin and emerged as an adult. Male and female mating is mostly in the early morning or evening. First, male mosquitoes fly around in groups in treetops, eaves, windows or open places. Female mosquitoes seize the opportunity to join the team and mate quickly in flight. Male mosquitoes only suck grass juice and live on nectar, not blood. Female mosquitoes have to feed on blood (human or animal blood) eggs after mating to develop and mature, so only female mosquitoes can spread diseases. Female mosquitoes can lay eggs once after full blood, and they can lay eggs six to eight times in their lives, with 200-300 eggs each time. So killing a mosquito early is equivalent to killing hundreds of mosquitoes. It is very important to know the life history and breeding place of mosquitoes, and we can use this knowledge to kill mosquitoes vigorously. If there is no stagnant water, mosquitoes can't survive, and controlling or transforming breeding grounds is the fundamental measure to prevent mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae are the easiest to put out because they have to live in water. If we can fill the lowlands, drain the accumulated water and clean the water containers frequently, we will certainly get good mosquito control effect.
Only female mosquitoes suck blood, and male mosquitoes suck the juice of plants. The antenna of male mosquitoes is filiform, the antenna hair is thicker than that of female mosquitoes, and the mouthparts are degraded. Their food is nectar and plant juice. Due to the need of reproduction, female mosquitoes need to bite animals to suck blood before reproduction, so as to promote the development and maturity of inner eggs and reproduce. Every time a mosquito bites, it will suck about one thousandth of a milliliter of blood. After each full meal, they usually move within 2 kilometers of their birthplace, but as far as 180 kilometers.
Mosquito habits
Mosquitoes generally start to go out in April and reach the peak in the middle and late August. When the climate gets cold in autumn and the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, mosquitoes will stop breeding, go into hibernation without eating, and come out to harm people until they wake up the next spring. The most suitable temperature for mosquitoes is about 30℃, which is too high for them.
Mastering the habitat habits of mosquitoes is the basis for formulating mosquito control measures. ? According to the different habitat habits after blood sucking, mosquitoes can be divided into the following three types: domestic type: such as Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus; Semi-domestic type: Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles Sun Moon Lake, etc. Some of them live indoors, and some live outdoors after sucking blood; Wild type: Anopheles dirus, Aedes albopictus, etc. Fly outdoors to digest the blood in the stomach after sucking blood. Female mosquitoes begin to suck blood 2-3 days after emergence. Many factors, such as temperature, humidity and light, will affect the blood-sucking activity of mosquitoes. When the temperature is above 0℃, begin to suck blood; Generally, Aedes mosquitoes mostly suck blood during the day, while Anopheles mosquitoes and Culex pipiens mostly suck blood at night. Mosquitoes need to find a place to live after eclosion and blood feeding. Generally speaking, mosquitoes like to live in hidden, dark and poorly ventilated places, such as under the bed, behind cabinets, behind doors, crevices in walls, barns and basements, as well as outdoor lawns, caves, cellars, bridge opening and crevices.
It should be said that there are some differences in mosquito species distributed in different regions, and different mosquito species breed in different places, which is more suitable for a certain type of mosquitoes to survive in a certain environment, so there are relatively more such mosquitoes in this area. Therefore, it can be divided into sewage mosquito species (breeding in stagnant water with more organic matter, such as dirty stagnant water, sewage, wet farmland, small utensils, etc.), container mosquito species (breeding in empty cans, discarded tires, bamboo and wood caves, potholes) and rice mosquito species (breeding in paddy fields, wasteland, grasslands with water flowing; Breeding in ponds, fish ponds, waterlogged grasslands and ditches. )
Some habits of mosquitoes are unknown. They like waiting. Sometimes they stay at the door where you have to enter for hours. As soon as you open the door, they will quickly follow you into the room, waiting for an opportunity to bite. They are one of the few animals that can't walk (they are not unable to walk, but too lazy to walk, seeing mosquitoes crawling all over the table and smelling mosquito-repellent incense). When two people sleep in the same bed, there will be two kinds of results of being "treated" by mosquitoes. One was not bitten, and one was bitten all over. The reason for this result is not your hygiene decision, but some characteristics of your body have played a major role. Mosquitoes usually have a way of knowing whether a person is "asleep". Usually, when you are reading in bed, it is difficult for them to bite you. Once you are about to fall asleep, they will fly to you and bite you. The biting speed of mosquitoes is closely related to temperature. When the temperature is above 37 degrees Celsius, 0. 1 second can bite people, and when the temperature is below 27 degrees Celsius, the biting speed is greatly reduced. Generally, people will not bite below 17 degrees Celsius.
At night, mosquitoes have phototaxis, so most mosquitoes begin to enter the house. The corner of the room, the ceiling, the bottom of the bed, and several water sources behind the seat (especially the rooms with babies and the elderly) are places where mosquitoes like to patronize and hide. Therefore, special attention should be paid when spraying aerosol. In fact, mosquito prevention is the most important. If mosquito control is done well, the number of mosquitoes in your home will be very, very small.
Who do mosquitoes have a soft spot for?
Mosquitoes harass people in hot summer. In life, we often find that some people are particularly easy to attract mosquitoes. "Who does the mosquito bite?" Just ask people around you, and the answers are really varied. For example, mosquitoes love to sting women's "sex theory", love to sting smooth and delicate skin "skin theory", love to sting people with high levels of sex hormone secretion "sexy theory" and love to sting blood sweet and bitter "blood sweet and bitter theory". However, these claims still lack sufficient scientific basis to confirm. In the same environment, some people are favored by mosquitoes, but for some people, mosquitoes are "unavoidable". Studies have found that mosquitoes do have a "feeding preference". Mosquitoes do have a choice in choosing who they bite. Mosquitoes love to bite people mainly because they can send "signals" to mosquitoes. Strong "signals" transmitted through the air can guide them to find "food" conveniently, but the intensity of "signals" sent by different people is different. People usually sum up a phenomenon, and there are other reasons for these phenomena.
Mosquitoes have tentacles and bristles on their heads and legs, which have sensory effects and are sensitive to humidity, temperature and sweat. So they often like people who go to love sweating without taking a bath. Children's skin is delicate, their metabolism is lively, their pores evaporate sweat quickly, and they are often bitten by mosquitoes. Also, mosquitoes like weak light very much. If you wear black clothes, it is just suitable for mosquitoes' visual habits. But mosquitoes are very sensitive to strong airflow, and it is difficult for mosquitoes to get close to you when you shake the fan to enjoy the cool in summer.
What kind of people mosquitoes love to sting has always been a research topic of great interest to scientists, and it has not been fully studied at present. From the research results, the following kinds of people will make mosquitoes "have a special liking": for example, people who like sweating, people who are short of breath, people who wear dark clothes or people with darker and redder skin. Mosquitoes like people with developed sweat glands and high body temperature. This is because the acidity in the blood is enhanced, and the sweat discharged from the bite makes the lactic acid value on the body surface higher, which is attractive to mosquitoes. In addition, mosquitoes have a heated body in their antennae, which is very sensitive to temperature. As long as the temperature difference changes a little, it can be detected immediately. People who sweat lose heat quickly and attract mosquitoes. Exhaled moist gas and carbon dioxide are quite attractive to mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes like people who are tired or breathing faster. It is because people breathe faster after engaging in sports or physical labor, some people have larger lung capacity, or the breathing rhythm itself is faster. In this way, the exhaled carbon dioxide is more, and the carbon dioxide gas will form a moist and warm airflow at the height of 1 m above the head. Mosquitoes are sensitive to this and will smell it.
Mosquitoes like people in dark clothes. Because black is the first choice for mosquitoes to attack, such as Aedes mosquitoes (also called flower mosquitoes), they like to stop on black clothes, followed by blue, red and green, and mosquitoes don't like to bite white. Similarly, mosquitoes like to bite people with dark skin or red skin.
How to repel mosquitoes and prevent bites
1. The best way to repel mosquitoes in summer is to isolate mosquitoes with mosquito nets or screens. Before mosquitoes wreak havoc, you must install a screen door with good sealing at home and close the screen door behind you to prevent mosquitoes from entering the room. Hanging mosquito nets is the first choice to repel mosquitoes. Some people may think that hanging mosquito nets is old-fashioned, which has long been shelved or simply discarded. Please change your mind quickly and buy a new mosquito net, which is a magic weapon against mosquitoes.
2、? Plant fragrance
Odors that mosquitoes don't like are orange peel, mint, fennel, clove, lavender, eucalyptus, citronella, platycodon grandiflorum, geranium, basil and thyme. If dried orange peel and orange peel are wrapped in stockings and put in the corner, the smell will not only prevent mosquitoes but also refresh the air; When taking a bath, drop a few drops of toilet water or essential oil in the bathtub, which will not only feel refreshing, but also repel mosquitoes, but be careful not to use it excessively to avoid irritating the skin; Drop geranium essential oil (4 drops) into almond oil (10 ml), mix well, and apply it on hands and feet, or less on face, to prevent mosquito bites when going out or sleeping; Buy an aromatherapy stove, drop a few drops of lavender or eucalyptus essential oil, and the room will suddenly be fresh, and the "buzzing" sound will suddenly disappear. However, the fragrance lasts only 1-3 hours, so we should grasp the time. Before dusk, put 1 2 pots of blooming jasmine, Milan or roses indoors, preferably cordate telosma. It can also play a very good mosquito repellent effect.
3、? Mosquito-repellent incense, electric mosquito-repellent incense
Mosquito-repellent incense is a common method to repel mosquitoes. The main component of mosquito-repellent incense is insecticide, generally pyrethroids, which is less toxic. However, some mosquito-repellent incense uses organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides. Although this mosquito-repellent incense increases the mosquito repellent effect, it is much more toxic. In addition, the smoke of mosquito-repellent incense will make the baby feel uncomfortable, even smokeless mosquito-repellent incense will inevitably have smoke. Under normal circumstances, mosquito-repellent incense should not be used indoors, because the respiratory system of infants and young children has not been fully developed and the skin absorption capacity is strong.
The principle of electric mosquito-repellent incense is to inhale pesticides into paper and evaporate pyrethrins through hot air. Although pyrethrins are less toxic and safer, electric mosquito-repellent incense has a strong killing effect on microorganisms, so families with infants should try not to use it. If you use electric mosquito-repellent incense in your baby's room, try to put it in a well-ventilated place and don't use it for a long time.
4. Insecticide
Insecticide is a highly toxic liquid and the first killer of mosquitoes, so it is a necessity for many families. The application of pesticides should be timely, appropriate and appropriate, and it is best to use it when the baby is out. Close the screen door and screen window after full ventilation, and then take the baby back to the house. It is best to use it in dark and humid places where mosquitoes often haunt and hide, such as toilets, sinks, table feet, cabinets and other places. The types of pesticides should be changed frequently to avoid mosquito resistance.
5, anti-mosquito liquid
Mosquito repellent is the most commonly used outdoor mosquito repellent. The main component of mosquito repellent is DEET, and its odor can directly act on the tactile organs and chemoreceptors of mosquitoes to drive them away.
Mosquitoes are afraid of the smell of mosquito repellent, so the stronger the smell, the better. In general, the concentration of anti-mosquito liquid is less than 50%, which has no side effects on adults. But if there are children at home, the concentration should be less than 10%, or not at all.
Using mosquito repellent can better prevent mosquito bites. Apply a little mosquito repellent to your skin. When a mosquito approaches you, it will disturb its senses and lose its ability to bite. Light-colored clothes can also prevent several kinds of mosquitoes from attacking. Installing mosquito repellent curtains on windows can also repel mosquitoes. Put a little alcohol on the edge of your clothes, and mosquitoes will not dare to bite you, just wander around you. For the baby, try it on the inside of the baby's upper arm before use (the skin here is the most delicate and sensitive), and then use it in a large area after confirming that there is no adverse reaction.
In addition: put several boxes of open cooling oil and wind oil essence in the bedroom; Eating garlic, taking vitamin B 1 orally (but not taking it in large quantities for a long time) or dropping a few drops of vitamin B solution in the bath can also prevent mosquitoes; Wearing light-colored clothes in summer can reduce mosquito bites. Installing orange light bulbs indoors can produce good mosquito repellent effect, because mosquitoes are afraid of orange light. Rub the dried Folium Artemisiae Argyi into rope shape, light it and put it indoors. Smoke can repel mosquitoes. Burning dry tea leaves can drive away mosquitoes. ? Put 35 ml of sugar water or beer in an empty wine bottle on the table or in a place with many mosquitoes indoors. When mosquitoes smell sweet wine, they will inject it into the bottle and stick it to death.
How to eliminate mosquitoes from the source
Of course, more importantly, to eliminate mosquitoes from the source, it is best to clean up the places where mosquitoes are easy to breed, especially the still water and blocked sinks. Remember: as long as you can accumulate a little water-in a beer bottle or a broken tire, countless mosquitoes may grow in a week.
Don't leave the water in the container at home for too long. If mosquito larvae are found, they should be scalded to death with boiling water. ?
Don't throw rubbish like eggshells and containers. It is better to use the kind with a lid for the trash can. ?
Pay attention to floor drains and sewers when living on the ground floor. -The drainage system of residential property should be checked, and it can be transformed into? Culverts and drains should be fortified with mosquito gates, and sewers should be dredged every day if conditions permit. All kinds of potholes, dead ponds, etc. It should be filled. If it is not filled in, pesticides should be applied regularly. ?
Household aquatic plants should change water regularly. ?
If you want to travel far away, you must cover the toilet to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.
Harm of mosquito bites
Mosquito bites can spread diseases, and diseases spread by different types of mosquitoes will be different. Common infectious diseases are:
Malaria: intermittent chills, high fever, sweating, splenomegaly and anemia. It is common in summer and autumn and can occur all year round.
Infectious Japanese encephalitis: high fever, disturbance of consciousness, convulsion, tonic spasm and meningeal irritation, and severe cases have sequelae after illness.
Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever: characterized by fever, rash, hemorrhage and shock, with high mortality.
Filariasis: In China, only Ficus and Bale filariasis are prevalent. It is characterized by skin swelling, ascites, filariasis fever and pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration syndrome.
Culex tritaeniorhynchus: Culex tritaeniorhynchus mainly transmits filariasis and Japanese encephalitis Culex tritaeniorhynchus adults are characterized by spotless wings and brownish yellow body color. When staying, his body tends to be in a balanced and parallel state with the staying surface, and his activities are mostly at night.
Aedes albopictus: There are black and white stripes, also called black-spotted mosquitoes, which mainly spread Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever. Adult Aedes aegypti is characterized by spotless wings, black body and white spots. Because it likes to be active during the day, we often have such mosquitoes indoors in a cool place during the day. Maybe everyone will have an impression of its black body and white spots.
Anopheles sinensis: commonly known as Anopheles sinensis, is an important vector of malaria and filariasis. According to incomplete statistics, during the period of 1929 1 year, about 2 million people in the world died of malaria. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes are characterized by mottled wings and gray bodies. When they stay, their bodies keep a certain angle with the rest surface, and they mostly move at night.
How to deal with mosquito bites?
After being bitten by mosquitoes, most people will have symptoms such as redness, itching and pain. At this time, you can use alkaline substances to relieve itching, such as ammonia water, or you can use soap dipped in water to apply it to the redness and swelling, and it will stop itching in a few minutes.
If the bite is itchy, you can play it with your fingers first, and then apply toilet water and wind oil.
Smearing or brewing the itchy place with salt water can soften the lump and effectively relieve itching.
The juice in aloe leaves can be used to relieve itching. When you are red, swollen and itchy after being bitten by mosquitoes, you can cut a small piece of aloe leaf, break it after washing, and rub it a few times at the red and swollen place to reduce swelling and relieve itching.
Burn the place bitten by mosquitoes after blowing out the matches. You can also apply toothpaste and mercuric chloride, and apply some infinite ointment with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and analgesic effects.
Break a garlic clove and apply a mosquito-bitten bag on the cross section. It will heal in a short time and relieve itching (the second method is especially suitable for pregnant women bitten by mosquitoes).
In short, to prevent mosquito bites, we should: develop good living habits and avoid mosquito harassment; Love cleaning, will enjoy the cool; Early preparation, early prevention.
Relevant information and pictures are all from the Internet: through Baidu search.
Relevant reference sources are as follows:
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