Let me briefly describe it: it is smart enough to predict your needs in real time according to your location, time, preferences and other information. In this new mode, information search will be done for you, not for you. No matter what equipment you use, no matter what kind of on-demand service you need, you will get the ultimate consistent experience.
By breeding a large number of start-up companies, we provide rich personalized products to meet the expanding personalized needs of the market. Its breeding method is to provide a set of services such as capital, promotion, payment, logistics and customer service for start-ups, so that its operational capacity can be used externally as needed like water and electricity. This is the business model of cloud services.
The premise of the birth of cloud services is that the Internet breaks the geographical division to form a unified market, and it is profitable to provide products with personalized needs. Its objective effect is: the cost of starting a business is minimized, entrepreneurs only focus on the core links such as creativity, and operation management will no longer be important. Small companies began to challenge big companies and subvert the industrial civilization of "winning by scale". Our society and culture will be more independent and free.
Thin client
The next generation PC is called "cloud terminal", and it doesn't need CPU, hard disk, graphics card, even operating system and application software, because all the above functions are completed by the public cloud server, which is just a small set-top box or directly built into the display. "The price is only 500 yuan."
Cloud terminal is by far the most economical computer network solution, and the price per unit is only a few hundred yuan. According to statistics, compared with the traditional PC system, the cloud terminal system will save 70% of the procurement investment; In the system operation and maintenance link, the cost burden will be reduced by 90%; In terms of use cost, 50 cloud terminals are equivalent to the power consumption of an ordinary PC, which is quite energy-saving.
"Cloud computing" will change the current computer "chassis+monitor" mode. In the future, TV, mobile phones and game consoles may become the terminal equipment of the network. Computers are everywhere, so we can't see them. This is ubiquitous computing. With the maturity of the concept of cloud computing, telecom operators, hardware providers and software service providers are integrated. In the past, the dominant position of operating system and processor platform in the traditional PC industry will decline, and PC manufacturers will have more voice and development opportunities.
Cloud computing is a new way to enjoy infrastructure, which can connect a huge system pool and provide various IT services. Many factors have driven the demand for this environment, including the adoption of connected devices, real-time data streaming, the rapid growth of SOA and Web2.0 applications, such as search, open collaboration, social networking and mobile commerce. In addition, the improvement of digital component performance has greatly increased the scale of IT environment, thus further strengthening the demand for unified cloud management.
Cloud computing-defining cloud computing In a narrow sense, cloud computing refers to the delivery and use of IT infrastructure, and refers to obtaining the required resources (hardware, platform and software) in an on-demand and extensible way through the network. A network that provides resources is called a "cloud". The resources in the "cloud" can be infinitely expanded by users, and can be obtained at any time, used on demand, expanded at any time, and paid according to use. This feature is often referred to as using IT infrastructure such as water and electricity.
Cloud computing in a broad sense refers to the delivery and use of services, and refers to obtaining the required services in an on-demand and extensible way through the network. This service can be related to IT, software and Internet, or any other service.
Cloud computing is often confused with parallel computing, distributed computing and grid computing. Cloud computing is the result of mixed evolution and leap of the concepts of virtualization, utility computing, IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service).
Cloud computing-features
(1) Very large scale. "Cloud" has a considerable scale. Google cloud computing has more than 1 10,000 servers, and Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Yahoo and other "clouds" have hundreds of thousands of servers. Enterprise private clouds generally have hundreds of servers. "Cloud" can give users unprecedented computing power.
(2) Virtualization. Cloud computing supports users to obtain application services at any place and using various terminals. The requested resources come from the "cloud" rather than a fixed tangible entity. The application runs somewhere in the cloud, but in fact, users don't need to know or worry about the specific location where the application runs. All we need is a notebook or a mobile phone, and we can achieve everything we need through network services, even such tasks as supercomputing.
Cloud computing (3) High reliability. "Cloud" adopts measures such as fault tolerance of multiple copies of data and isomorphic interchange of computing nodes to ensure high reliability of services. Using cloud computing is more reliable than using local computers.
(4) universality. Cloud computing is not specific to a particular application. With the support of cloud, ever-changing applications can be constructed, and the same cloud can support different applications at the same time.
(5) High scalability. The scale of the "cloud" can be dynamically expanded to meet the growing needs of applications and users.
(6) On-demand service. "Cloud" is a huge resource pool, which you can buy on demand; Clouds can be charged like tap water, electricity and gas.
(7) extremely cheap. Because the special fault-tolerant measures of "cloud" can use extremely cheap nodes to form a cloud, the automatic centralized management of "cloud" makes a large number of enterprises not have to bear the increasingly high cost of data center management, and the universality of "cloud" greatly improves the utilization rate of resources compared with the traditional system, so users can fully enjoy the low-cost advantage of "cloud", and often it takes only a few hundred yuan and a few days to complete tasks that used to take tens of thousands of yuan and months.
Cloud computing-Origin Cloud computing is a new business computing model. It distributes computing tasks on a resource pool composed of a large number of computers, so that various application systems can obtain computing power, storage space and various software services as needed.
This resource pool is called "Cloud". "Cloud" is some virtual computing resources that can be self-maintained and managed, usually some large server clusters, including computing servers, storage servers, broadband resources and so on. Cloud computing concentrates all computing resources, which are automatically managed by software without manual intervention. This allows application providers to focus more on their own business without worrying about complicated details, which is conducive to innovation and cost reduction.
It is called "cloud" because it has the characteristics of true cloud in some aspects: clouds are generally larger; The scale of cloud can be scaled dynamically, and its boundary is fuzzy; The cloud is erratic in the air, and you can't and don't need to determine its specific location, but it does exist somewhere.
It is also called "Cloud" because Amazon, one of the founders of cloud computing, adopted a new name "Elastic Computing Cloud" (EC2) for what was once called grid computing, and it has achieved commercial success. Cloud computing is regarded by its touts as a "revolutionary computing model" because it enables supercomputing power to circulate freely through the Internet. Enterprises and individual users no longer need to invest in expensive hardware acquisition costs, but only need to purchase rental computing power through the Internet. "Use your computer as an access port and leave everything to the Internet." Users only need 640K memory. "Bill Gates said in 1989 about" the past, present and future tense of computer science ". At that time, all the programs were very small, and the 100MB hard disk was almost inexhaustible. Internet is still being developed in the laboratory, and hypertext protocol has just been put forward. Their widespread application will begin in six years. At present (2008), such information can be retrieved from the website that provides installation services. A standard computer that an ordinary white-collar worker needs is a low-end Core Dual-Core/1GB memory/100GB hard disk. Soon, megabit hard disks will enter the range of home computers. Behind the rapid development of hardware configuration is the rapid growth of data on the Internet, which is simply challenging the limits of human imagination. When massive data was put forward as a concept, the unit was GB. Now this is just a data unit of a small website.
Cloud Computing-Basic Principles Kai-fu Lee Cloud Computing is the development of distributed computing, parallel computing and grid computing, or the commercial realization of these computer science concepts.
The basic principle of cloud computing is that by distributing computing on a large number of distributed computers instead of local computers or remote servers, the operation of enterprise data centers will be more similar to the Internet. This enables enterprises to switch resources to required applications and access computers and storage systems as needed. This is a revolutionary measure, for example, it is like changing from the old single generator mode to the centralized power supply mode of power plants. It means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity like gas and water and electricity, which is convenient to obtain and low in cost. The biggest difference is spread through the Internet. The blueprint of cloud computing has come to the fore: in the future, everything we need, even such tasks as supercomputing, can be realized through network services, only a notebook or a mobile phone is needed. From this perspective, the end user is the real master of cloud computing. The application of cloud computing includes the idea of uniting strength for each member. In the most fundamental sense, cloud computing is the ability to use software and data on the Internet. For cloud computing, Kai-Fu Lee (Google Global Vice President and President of China) made an image metaphor: Qianzhuang. At first, people just put money under their pillows. Later, there was a bank, which was very safe, but it was more troublesome to cash it. Now it has developed to the point that banks can withdraw money from any outlets, even through ATM or foreign channels. Just like buying electricity directly from the power company, there is no need to equip every household with a generator. "Cloud computing" has brought such a change-the computer storage and computing center is built by professional network companies such as Google and IBM, and users can easily access it through a network cable with the help of browsers, with "cloud" as the center of data storage and application services. At present, cloud computing has developed two major areas: cloud security and cloud storage. For example, Rising and Trend Micro in China have started to provide cloud security products; International leading companies such as Microsoft and Google are more involved in the field of cloud storage.
Cloud computing-development conditions
(Cloud computing) is bound to become more and more common and gradually develop into the mainstream computing mode to replace centralized large computers;
1. The first reason of distributed system now is that it has better cost performance than centralized system. You don't have to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars to get high-performance computing.
2. Most applications are distributed. For example, industrial enterprise applications, management departments and sites are not in one place.
3. High reliability. Redundancy is not only a necessary condition for biological evolution, but also an information technology. Modern distributed system has a high fault-tolerant mechanism, and the control of nuclear reactor mainly adopts distributed to achieve high reliability.
4. Scalability. Buying a host with higher performance, or buying another host with the same performance, is much more expensive than adding a few PCs.
5. High flexibility. It can be compatible with products from different hardware manufacturers, low-configuration machines and peripherals, and obtain high-performance calculation.
Cloud computing-category
Marcus Clemens
Cloud computing is a buzzword that includes development, load balancing, business model and architecture, and it is the future model of software industry (Software 10.0), or simply put, cloud computing is internet-centric software.
Ruben Cohen
Cloud computing is a Web-based service, which aims to make users pay only for the functions they need, while eliminating the investment of traditional software in hardware, software and professional skills. Cloud computing allows users to get rid of the complexity of technology and deployment and get applications.
Douglas Gourlay
Cloud computing refers to a great ambition. Basically, it is to let users get technical services through the Internet. Now, every time you log on to Facebook or search for a flight, you are actually using cloud computing.
Praise Gaw
Cloud computing is the new Web2.0, a booming market in the existing technology. Just as people used to claim to be Web2.0 by putting a little ajax on their websites, cloud computing is a new buzzword.
On the positive side, Web2.0 has finally attracted mainstream attention. Similarly, the concept of cloud computing will eventually change people's thinking, and eventually a variety of concepts will erupt, such as hosted services, ASP, grid computing, software as a service, platform as a service, and anything as a service.
Briander Haff
From the consumer's point of view, SaaS is a kind of cloud computing, but insiders must understand what this means. Simply put, cloud computing is the sublimation of SaaS.
Ben Capes
The original intention of the cloud model is to make the consumption of the hardware layer like on-demand computing, according to the required storage space. In order to bring more functions to the cloud model, we need to realize configuration, deployment and service in the virtual environment in the whole application architecture.
Omar Sultan
Cloud computing is to access resources and services for some needs that need to be changed dynamically. The resources requested by applications and services come from the "cloud" rather than fixed tangible entities. Cloud is a virtual resource that can maintain and manage itself.
Cloud Computing-Prospects
Cloud computing is regarded as the next revolution of science and technology industry, which will bring about fundamental changes in working methods and business models.
First of all, for small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs, cloud computing means huge business opportunities, and they can compete with large enterprises at a higher level with the help of cloud computing. Since Microsoft 1989 launched office software, our working style has changed greatly. Cloud computing has brought Office to the cloud-more computing power, no need to buy software, and no need for local installation and maintenance.
Secondly, in a sense, cloud computing means the death of hardware. At least, those small and medium-sized enterprises with increasing demand for computing no longer try to buy expensive hardware, but rent computing power from cloud computing providers. While avoiding hardware investment, the technical department of the company does not have to worry about technical maintenance in a hurry, and the time saved can be used for more business innovation.
Take Amazon as an example, its cloud computing products are cheap (of course, lucrative), attracting a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, and even big companies such as new york Times, Red Hat and Sheng Di. Amazon charges 1G for storage 15 cents, while the rent for servers is 10 cents per hour. It is said that each computer's investment in its "cloud" is only $300, assuming that the power consumption is also $300. According to this charging standard, its annual uninterrupted income is $876, and its profit margin is about 45%-higher than its gross profit from selling books.
With the rise of cloud computing, traditional hardware manufacturers are facing a crisis again. Dell, HP, SUN, etc. I have been worried about the decline of the American market for years. Maybe the decline of the hardware market is really coming.
The impact of cloud computing on business model is reflected in the innovation of market space. Christensen, a professor at Harvard Business School, believes that the demand for Gmail has suddenly surged. Google's cloud computing system will automatically increase the capacity and number of processors for Gmail without manual intervention, and the increase and adjustment will not increase the cost. Relying on cloud computing, Google can add new services at almost negligible cost. If the new service fails, it doesn't matter, turn it off and forget it. If successful, the system will automatically increase its space and processing power.
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, believes that cloud computing means returning from the PC era to the mainframe era. "In the PC era, the PC provided many good functions and applications, and now it has returned to the era of large-scale time. Today's mainframes are invisible, but they are real. They are in the clouds, in the sky. "
Cloud Computing-Development Space
Imagine that when the computing power of a computer is not limited by local hardware, a smaller, lighter, but more powerful mobile terminal is at your fingertips. We can run the most demanding online games on a notebook with thin patterns, and we can also edit and process the photos we just took by visiting Photoshop online on our mobile phones.
What is more attractive is that enterprises can obtain extremely high computing power at a very low cost, without investing in expensive hardware equipment, and bear the burden of frequent maintenance and upgrading. For example, Goosipy, an American real estate website, hopes to build a database to calculate the data of 670,000 families buying and selling real estate during the period of 12, so as to provide better suggestions for consumers. If they do it themselves, it will take six months, millions. Finally, they rented the "elastic computer cloud" service provided by Amazon. By using Amazon's powerful data analysis capabilities, the project was completed in only three weeks and cost less than $50,000. One of the beauties of cloud computing is that the calculation method of on-demand distribution can give full play to the performance of large computer groups. If you only need to use 5% of the resources, you only need to pay 5% of the price instead of 100% of the equipment cost as before.
Cloud computing-identifying online games makes young people addicted 1) If it is nominally "grid" or "OGSA (Open Grid Service Architecture)" ... it is not a cloud.
2) If you need to provide a manufacturer with dozens of pages of requirements specifications ... then, it is not a cloud.
3) If you can't shop with a credit card ... it's not a cloud.
4) If they want to sell you hardware devices ... it's not a cloud.
5) If there is no API ... it is not a cloud.
6) If you need to reorganize your system ... it's not a cloud.
7) If you can't configure the server within 10 minutes ... it's not a cloud.
8) If you can't unconfigure the server within 10 minutes ... it's not a cloud.
9) If you know the exact location of the machine you are using ... it is not a cloud.
10) If you need a consultant to help you ... it's not a cloud.
1 1) If you need to prepare a list of the number of machines you need in advance ... it is not a cloud.
12) If it only runs one operating system ... it is not a cloud.
13) If you don't connect it to your own machine ... it's not a cloud.
14) If you need to install software to use it ... it's not a cloud.
If you have all this hardware ... it's not a cloud.
Cloud computing technology: several open source cloud computing projects that cloud computing enthusiasts should pay attention to. In view of the fact that many cloud computing enthusiasts want to learn cloud computing but don't know how to start, cloud computing experts in China Yunwang (china-cloud.com) remind cloud computing enthusiasts to pay attention to the following three open source cloud computing projects, so that they can get in touch with open source things and master cloud computing better and faster.
(1) 10gen is both a cloud platform and a downloadable open source package, which can be used to build your own private cloud. 10gen is a software stack similar to App Engine, which provides similar functions to App Engine-but there are some differences. With 10gen, you can use Python and JavaScript. And Ruby programming language to develop applications. The platform also uses the concept of sandbox to isolate applications, and many computers that use their own application servers (built on Linux, of course) provide a reliable environment.
(2) Eucalyptus project (Elastic utility computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems) is an open source implementation of Amazon EC2, which is compatible with commercial service interfaces. Like EC2, Eucalyptus relies on Linux and Xen for operating system virtualization. Eucalyptus was developed by Santa Barbara for cloud computing research. You can download it from the university website or experience it through the Eucalyptus public cloud, but the latter has some restrictions.
(3) Enomalism cloud computing platform. Enomalism is an open source project, which provides a cloud computing framework with functions similar to EC2. Enomalism is based on Linux and supports both Xen and KVM. Enomalism provides a software stack based on TurboGears Web application framework and Python.