What is the need for prenatal consultation and prenatal diagnosis? Prenatal diagnosis, or intrauterine diagnosis, refers to the specific examination of the fetus through various methods during pregnancy to clearly diagnose whether the fetus has some genetic disease or congenital malformation and provide basis for determining abortion or abortion. So what is the necessity of prenatal consultation?
The indications for prenatal consultation 1 prenatal diagnosis are as follows:
1. Older pregnant women: especially those over 35 years old, need prenatal diagnosis according to the regulations of China. However, with the development of non-invasive technology and appropriate relaxation of conditions, non-invasive diagnosis can be made between 35 and 40 years old, but prenatal diagnosis is recommended for those over 40 years old;
2, adverse pregnancy history: such as repeated abortion, repeated stillbirth, or previous history of fetal malformation induced labor, such as congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate and other adverse pregnancy history, prenatal diagnosis can also be carried out;
3. Both husband and wife have genetic diseases: prenatal diagnosis can detect whether the fetus has genetic diseases;
4. Both husband and wife have chromosome problems, such as ectopic chromosome balance. Although the performance of both husband and wife may be normal, the fetus may have chromosomal abnormalities;
5. Problems found in prenatal examination by B-ultrasound: such as more or less amniotic fluid, fetal growth restriction, fetal small for gestational age, abnormal soft index of ultrasound, such as frequent detection of nt in early stage, or ultrasound suggesting choroidal cyst, strong light spot in ventricle and strong echo enhancement.
In any of the following circumstances, prenatal diagnosis should be made:
One or both spouses have a family history of genetic diseases.
Second, the mother who once gave birth to a congenital fool is pregnant now and is more likely to give birth to the same child.
Third, although both husband and wife are in good health, they gave birth to a child with metabolic defects, and there is still a quarter of them who may be pregnant today.
Fourth, women who have had many unexplained abortions or stillbirths in the past are pregnant again today.
Fifth, older pregnant women over the age of 35 are more likely to give birth to silly children.
Sixth, pregnant women have been exposed to teratogenic substances during pregnancy, and the possibility of fetal abnormality is greater.
What is the necessity of prenatal consultation? 2 What is prenatal consultation?
It refers to the process that professionals engaged in medical genetics diagnose the problems raised by consultants, judge the etiology, genetic mode, prognosis and recurrence risk of genetic diseases, and put forward specific suggestions for consultants' reference. Prenatal consultation can find the patients and carriers of hereditary diseases in time, and avoid the birth of children with hereditary diseases through prenatal diagnosis and preventive measures, so as to achieve the purpose of prenatal care.
When should prenatal consultation be conducted?
Before or during pregnancy.
Who needs prenatal counseling?
1. One spouse suffers from genetic disease or congenital malformation or mental retardation of unknown cause.
2 pregnant or have given birth to children with genetic diseases or congenital malformations.
3. Family members have genetic diseases or congenital malformations.
4. Unexplained stillbirth occurs, or the embryo stops developing in the first trimester, or the abortion is repeated for unknown reasons.
5. Pregnant women are over 35 years old.
6. consanguineous marriage
7, prenatal examination found abnormal.
8. Long-term acceptance of adverse environment during pregnancy or early pregnancy.
9. Pregnant women with certain chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, etc.
Prenatal consultation in other cases:
1, drug abuse in early pregnancy: drug abuse in early pregnancy, won't children have it? The answer is not necessarily. This situation needs to be cautious. Take the medicine to the hospital for prenatal consultation, and the doctor will help you analyze it.
2. Drinking alcohol in the first trimester or during pregnancy: excessive drinking or excessive drinking can cause embryo poisoning or malformation, and a small amount of infrequent drinking during pregnancy does not increase the incidence of fetal malformation. During pregnancy, try to ban alcohol.
3, the impact of the working environment during pregnancy: the place where you work has just been renovated? You sit next to the printer? There will be some unknown gases in your working environment? Please go to the hospital for prenatal consultation in this case.
4. Microbial infection during pregnancy: including hepatitis B infection, trichomoniasis, mycoplasma, chlamydia, human papillomavirus, etc.
5. Radiation during pregnancy: Exposure of the fetus to radiation before delivery is usually an anxious and often misunderstood problem. The harm of radiation to fetus can be roughly divided into teratogenesis and carcinogenesis. Therefore, if you are exposed to more radiation during pregnancy, it is best to have prenatal consultation.
What should prenatal consultation do? Prenatal diagnosis is mainly to check the high-risk population suspected of birth defects, including chromosome diseases such as Down syndrome, hereditary metabolic defects such as phenylketonuria, congenital malformations such as congenital heart disease, and sex-linked genetic diseases such as red-green blindness.
It is suggested that prenatal diagnosis should be made when there are the following indications: first, too much or too little amniotic fluid, and second, the high-risk population with abnormal chromosome karyotype found during screening. Third, contact with substances that may cause fetal birth defects. Fourth, one of the spouses has a history of congenital or hereditary diseases. Fifth, babies who have had serious birth defects. Six, older than 35 years old, mainly to check chromosome diseases, linked genetic diseases, hereditary metabolic defects.
At present, prenatal examination:
1, blood routine: check red blood cells, white blood cells, blood plate, ABO blood group and Rh blood group.
2. Syphilis examination: Generally, pregnant women suffer from syphilis, and their symptoms are latent and conscious. The pathogen causes abortion, premature delivery and congenital syphilis through placenta.
3. Hepatitis check-up: If the hepatitis B carrier infects the baby through blood during delivery, the hepatitis B carrier will be complicated with viral hepatitis during pregnancy, leading to premature delivery, abortion or stillbirth.
4. Measles antibody test: cataract, hearing impairment, stillbirth, abortion, etc.
5, urine sugar test: check diabetes.
6, urine protein determination: check the mother's urinary system.