On the basis of analyzing the influence of internal and external financial environment factors on capital flow, enterprise financial strategic management is a process of comprehensive, long-term and creative planning and ensuring the implementation of enterprise capital flow in order to seek balanced and effective capital flow, improve the quality and efficiency of capital operation, realize enterprise strategic objectives and enhance enterprise competitive advantage.
In the face of economic globalization, enterprises should not only have scientific and meticulous daily financial management, but also need far-sighted strategic vision and strategic thinking to carry out strategic financial management strategically. Financial strategic management determines the direction and mode of enterprise financial resources allocation, affects the behavior and efficiency of enterprise financial management activities, and is related to the health and development of enterprises.
First, the formation process of enterprise financial strategic management
The emergence and formation of enterprise financial strategic management has profound historical roots, and its evolution and formation have roughly gone through five stages.
(A) financial planning and budget control stage
At the beginning of the 20th century, planning control management system began to appear. Taylor, the founder of scientific management, stressed that in order to increase production, workers must be selected, trained and organized through planning. Fa Yueer pointed out that planning and control are important functions of management. At this stage, financial budget has become an important means of planning and control. This management system focuses on financial budget management and deviation control.
(B) financing financial strategic management stage
At the beginning of the 20th century, the scale of enterprises in western countries was constantly expanding, and a large amount of funds was urgently needed as a guarantee for development. Lack of funds has become a key factor restricting the development of enterprises. In order to solve this contradiction, a new financial strategic management function, namely fund-raising function, began to appear in enterprises. At this stage, the function of financial strategic management is to predict the company's capital demand and raise the funds needed by the company.
(C) internal control financial strategic management stage
After the global economic crisis in the early 1930s, with the rapid development of science and technology and the intensification of market competition, the financial strategy manager of western enterprises gradually realized that the core issue of financial strategic management is not to raise funds, but to control, manage and use funds in a scientific way to maintain the survival and development of enterprises in the market competition. To this end, many enterprises have established financial strategic management systems and strengthened internal financial strategic management and control mechanisms, such as implementing budget management, controlling the use of fixed funds and liquidity, and maintaining the balance of financial funds; Strengthen the cost consciousness, through strict internal financial strategic management control, strive to improve the effect of capital use and win in the competition. During this period, the company's internal financial decision-making is regarded as an important issue in the company's financial strategic management, and matters related to fund-raising take second place, so the enterprise's financial strategic management has entered the stage of internal control financial strategic management.
(D) Modern financial strategic management stage
After the Second World War, great changes have taken place in the world economic situation, and capitalist economic crises have occurred constantly. Coupled with the serious inflation and oil crisis, the market competition is more intense, western enterprises have many difficulties in operation and the use of funds is increasingly complicated. Faced with this situation, business operators gradually realize that it is difficult to maintain and expand this achievement without strengthening the strategic financial management of enterprises by modern means, even if modern science and technology are adopted to improve the operating effect of enterprises. They deeply realize that enterprise financial strategic management must be modernized as soon as possible to meet the needs of changing economic situation. This makes the financial strategic management of western enterprises change from the internal control financial strategic management stage to the modern financial strategic management stage.
The remarkable feature of this stage is that enterprises generally pay more attention to financial strategic management, which has become the core of enterprise management activities, and the awareness of financial strategic management has been strengthened from top to bottom in enterprises. Xu Fangyu-Instructor of Enterprise Business School Construction! China's ideas of "great training" and "suitable talents", international professional trainers, specially invited experts from China cjol, and the value analysis, volume-cost-profit analysis, variable cost method and standard cost control of the executive director of China Mining Financial Holding Group have been widely introduced into enterprise financial decision-making and management, which have played a very good role in overall budget control, improving investment effect and accelerating capital turnover.
(V) Financial strategic management stage
From the development of financial strategic management, we can see that the theory and method of financial strategic management have made extraordinary development and achieved remarkable results. However, the great changes in the business environment of modern enterprises and the extensive implementation of strategic management have put forward new requirements and challenges to the theories and methods on which corporate financial strategic management is based. Under the complicated and changeable environment and the implementation of strategic management, the traditional financial strategic management theory and method can no longer meet the needs of today's enterprise strategic management. Guided by the ideas and methods of strategic management, it is a historical and logical necessity to improve and perfect the theory and methods of enterprise financial strategic management and push it to a new stage of strategic financial strategic management.
Second, the characteristics of corporate financial strategic management
1. Global.
Financial strategy is based on the overall work of financing, investment and income distribution of the whole enterprise, and is formulated according to the long-term development needs of the enterprise. It is a description of the overall development strategy of the enterprise from the financial point of view, a blueprint and action plan for the future financial activities of the enterprise, and plays a universal and authoritative guiding role in the specific financial activities and plans of the enterprise. As a subsystem of enterprise strategy system, financial strategy must obey and reflect the overall requirements of enterprise strategy, and should be coordinated with enterprise strategy to provide financial support for the smooth implementation and completion of enterprise strategy.
2. Dynamic.
Financial strategic management takes financial environment and enterprise strategy as the logical starting point, and the dynamic characteristics of financial environment and enterprise strategy also determine the dynamic nature of financial strategic management. It is very important to correctly grasp the dynamic characteristics of financial strategic management. Many times, one of the reasons leading to the bankruptcy of enterprises is that enterprises are rigid in thinking and lack the flexibility to change their strategies and strategic management with environmental changes.
3. Long-term.
Under the guidance of strategic management, financial strategic management requires financial decision makers to establish strategic awareness and maximize the wealth of stakeholders as the financial management goal. Therefore, the formulation of financial strategy is not to solve the immediate problems of enterprises, but to seek the long-term development of enterprises in the future, which often sacrifices some immediate interests. It is the guide of all financial decisions of enterprises, and all financial activities of enterprises should be carried out around it. Therefore, once the financial strategy is formulated, it will have a great impact on the financial activities of enterprises for a long time to come.