Waterfalls in urban residential areas are mainly small artificial waterfalls made of terrain elevation difference and masonry. The waterscape design of the school should rely on the dynamic effect of water to create a vibrant living atmosphere and improve the landscape of the community. There are many forms of waterfall falling. Zuo Tingji, a Japanese book on garden construction, divides waterfalls into ten forms, such as "falling downward, falling piece by piece, passing down, falling off, falling edge, falling silk, falling left and right, and falling horizontally". Different forms express different feelings. In front of the waterfall, people not only want to appreciate the beautiful image of falling water, but also like to listen to the sound of falling water.
Artificial waterfalls are divided into slide type, step type, curtain type, ribbon type and so on according to their falling forms, imitating the natural landscape. Natural stone or imitation stone is used to set the waterfall background and guide the direction of water flow (such as landscape stone, diversion stone, waterfall bearing stone, etc.). ). Considering the ornamental effect, white granite with flat finish is not suitable for falling wall. In order to ensure that the waterfall slides down the mountain along the wall, the rock at the outlet should be curled or the wall should be treated as a slope. Artificial waterfalls will produce different visual and auditory effects due to different amounts of water. Therefore, controlling the velocity and drop of water flow has become a key parameter in the design, and the height difference of artificial waterfalls in residential areas should be below1m.
(2) Streams
Streams are extracted from the essence of streams in landscape gardens and reappear in urban gardens. The stream in the residential area is a true portrayal of returning to nature. The path twists and turns many times, and the streams appear and disappear from time to time, and the sound of running water from the gaps jingles, making people reach the realm of being close to nature.
In order to make the environmental landscape of the residential area more open visually, the width can be appropriately increased or the stream can be meandered. Loose stones and block stones should be used in the waterfront of streams, combined with the configuration of aquatic or wetland plants to reduce the traces of artificial landscaping. The shape of the stream should be reasonably designed according to environmental conditions, water quantity, velocity, water depth, water surface width and materials used. Streams can be divided into two types: accessible and inaccessible. The water depth that can enter the stream should be less than 0.3m to prevent children from drowning, and the bottom should be treated with anti-skid. Streams where children can play should be equipped with water circulation and filtration devices. Aquatic animals and plants adapted to local climatic conditions should be planted in unrelated streams to enhance their appreciation and interest.
The slope of the stream should be determined according to the geographical conditions and drainage requirements. Generally, the slope of a stream should be 0.5%, the rapids should be about 3%, and the slow flow should not exceed 1%. The width of the stream should be 1-2m, and the water depth is generally about 0.3-1m.. When it exceeds 0.4m, protective measures (such as stone fence, wooden fence, low wall, etc. ) It should have been taken by a stream.
(3) Ecological pool
Ecological pool is a waterscape suitable for the growth of underwater animals and plants, which can beautify the environment and adjust the microclimate for people to watch. In the ecological pool of residential areas, more ornamental fish and insects and aquatic plants (such as fish grass, reeds, lotus flowers, lotus flowers, etc. ) is to create an ecological environment where animals and plants can grow and support each other. The depth of the pool should be determined according to the species and quantity of fish and the depth of aquatic plants living underwater. Generally, it is 0.3-1.5m. In order to prevent the invasion of terrestrial animals, the height difference between the pool edge plane and the water surface should be 0: 15m. The wall and bottom of the pond should be flat to avoid hurting the fish. The wall and bottom of the pool should be dark. For shallow pools below 0.3m, the bottom of the pool can be artistically treated to show the clarity and transparency of the water. A water-resisting layer should be set between the bottom of the pond and Chi Pan, and the water-resisting layer at the bottom of the pond should be covered with 0.3-0.5m thick soil to plant aquatic plants.
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(4) Swimming waterscape
The waterscape of swimming pool is mainly quiet, creating a relaxed environment for residents' psychology and physiology, and highlighting people's participation characteristics (such as swimming pool, water park, bathing beach, etc.). The outdoor swimming pool in the residential area is not only a place for exercise and entertainment, but also an important place for communication between neighbors. The shape and water surface of the swimming pool are also very ornamental.
The design of swimming pool in residential area must comply with the relevant provisions of swimming pool design. The plane of the swimming pool should not be made into a regular competition pool, and the edge of the pool should be as beautiful as possible to enhance the water dynamics. Swimming pools can be divided into children's swimming pools and adult swimming pools according to functional requirements. The depth of children's swimming pool is 0.6-0.9m, and the depth of adult swimming pool is 1.2-2m. Children's swimming pools and adult swimming pools can be designed in a unified way. Generally, children's swimming pools are placed in a relatively high position, and water flows into adult swimming pools through stepped or inclined waterfalls, which not only ensures safety but also enriches the shape of swimming pools.
The embankment must be rounded and paved with soft seepage ground or non-slip floor tiles. There are all kinds of shrubs and trees around the swimming pool, and facilities for rest and shading are provided. Conditional communities can design dressing rooms and equipment and picnic areas.
The wading pool is divided into underwater wading and water wading. Underwater wading is mainly used for children's swimming, and the depth should not exceed 0.3m The bottom of the pool must be anti-skid and moss and algae cannot be planted. Water wading is mainly used to cross the water. A safe and reliable stepping platform and stepping stone (pavilion) should be set up, with an area of not less than 0.4×0.4m, and meet the requirements of continuous spanning. The above two wading methods should be equipped with water quality filtering devices to keep the water clean and prevent children from eating the pool water by mistake.
(5) Decorate waterscape
Decorative waterscape has no other function, which is pleasing to the eye and sets off the environment. This kind of waterscape usually forms the center of the environmental landscape. Decorative waterscape is to achieve artistic effect by artificially controlling water flow (such as arrangement, density, thickness, height, size and time difference). ), and with the help of music and lighting changes to produce visual impact, to further show the vitality and dynamic beauty of water, to meet people's hydrophilic requirements.
Fountain is a common landscape in western gardens. Mainly in the form of artificial use in gardens, using power to drive water flow, according to the speed, direction, spray and so on to create different fountain States. Therefore, the control of water flow and water jet is the key link.
The interaction between light and water is the essence of waterscape, and the reflection pool is to use the reflection of light and shadow on the water to expand the visual space, enrich the spatial level of the scenery and increase the aesthetic feeling of the landscape. The reflection pool is very decorative and can be made exquisitely. No matter the size of the pool, it can produce a special effect of borrowing scenery. The reflection pool can be set in front of flowers, trees, sketches and rocks.