For example, echolocation in bats belongs to physical information, while animals belong to chemical information by secreting pheromones and marker hormones. Some animals often use special pheromones to attract mates, track targets, identify friends and enemies, issue warnings, mark positions, and gather or disperse groups. Bees dancing, peacocks spreading their wings, cuttlefish spraying ink, porcupines spitting thorns, and male birds flapping their wings to send signals to female birds are all behavioral information.
Extended data:
Signal forms of animals:
Information is sent by signals and accepted by various external receptors. The signals used are in the following forms: ① Sound. Many insects make sounds by rubbing various parts of the body. The vocal organs of vertebrates that breathe air, among which birds, whales and humans are the most successful, transmit a lot of information through language.
Voice-based communication has the following characteristics: voice includes frequency, sound quality, clarity, loudness, time mode and so on. , and has a large information capacity; It appears and disappears quickly and lasts for a short time; The receiver does not have to face the signal source. Vertebrates have ears on both sides of their heads and can also locate sound sources. ② Visual image. Include physical signs (structure, color, etc. ), posture, movements, etc.
Many lizards show their brightly colored bellies to attract females during courtship. Visual signals are easy to locate, but they can only travel in a straight line, and are easily blocked by objects in the environment and influenced by light. ③ chemical substances. Animals will produce some chemicals, which are secreted into the body to transmit information, called pheromones or pheromones.
Pheromones are used for sexual attraction, indicating food sources and resting places, or as alarm signals, attack signals, assembly signals, dispersal signals, etc. ④ Tactile signal. The tactile signal has short transmission distance and is easy to locate. Most of them are in direct physical contact, and the mating behavior depends on tactile communication. The base of the female tail of stickleback cannot ovulate until it is touched by the male kiss.
The intensity and properties of tactile signals change quickly, appear and disappear quickly, and have a certain amount of information, which is convenient for transmitting quantitative information. ⑤ electrical signal. That is, the electric communication method used by animals such as electric fish and American eel. Electrical signal communication is not blocked by obstacles and has strong directivity, but the action distance is short, similar to tactile signal communication.
Baidu encyclopedia-animal communication