Social practice report on the treatment of ordinary workers Part I:
Foreword:
In order to make good use of this survey, let yourself know more about society, increase your knowledge in practice, exercise your talents, cultivate your resilience, and more importantly, test whether what you have learned can be used by society. And through this social practice survey, find out my own shortcomings and gaps, grasp the direction of social development, and make some preparations for me to enter the society two years later. I collected relevant information and conducted some targeted investigations on some key issues in society.
Nowadays, the issue of workers' security and treatment has aroused widespread concern and attention in society. The decent work of working people should first be decent treatment. In fact, to a certain extent, the level of treatment is also directly related to the living conditions and life dignity of ordinary workers. The ratio of workers' remuneration to GDP in China has been declining for 22 years, and the wage level varies greatly in different regions and occupations. Now, China has become one of the countries with the biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. Therefore, a series of social problems have occurred and will continue to occur, seriously affecting social stability and harmony.
To this end, I took this opportunity to make a simple survey on the treatment of ordinary employees in some companies and factories in Baoan District, hoping to get the attention of relevant departments, companies and factories and further improve and adjust them.
Before I finished my report, I had learned that the labor and social security departments were taking practical measures to implement the call of the Party and the tasks put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress, to step up the adjustment and optimization of the treatment of employees in enterprises, and to study and establish a mechanism for the normal and perfect treatment of employees.
First of all, it took me a long time to prepare this survey. In order to find a suitable area for investigation, I checked some economically developed areas and areas with more workers online, and finally locked in Baoan District of Shenzhen. In the process of investigation, through consulting relevant materials and collecting all kinds of information, a questionnaire was designed and made. In the process of investigation, questionnaires and communication are the main forms.
Investigation time: 20xx.7.20-20xx.8.2 1
Investigation location: Shenzhen xx Technology Co., Ltd.
Survey methods: questionnaire and inquiry.
Survey object: ordinary workers
Survey unit: small and medium-sized enterprises as the main survey object, Shenzhen xx Technology Co., Ltd. as the main survey object, and other people as well.
Content summary:
(1) Current situation and data analysis of ordinary workers' treatment
(2) Analyze the causes of the problems.
(3) Measures taken by relevant departments on relevant issues at present.
Survey forecast: Due to too many factors, too few investigators, too limited population, too narrow regional scope and inaccurate survey methods, the survey results are limited and one-sided. However, this survey can reflect the overall situation of the treatment of ordinary workers, so the survey has certain practical significance.
Report text:
First, the status quo of the treatment of ordinary workers and its data analysis
With the progress of economy and technology, in recent years, the labor productivity of many enterprises has increased several times or even ten times, but the wages of ordinary employees have not increased simultaneously, resulting in long-term low wages, low wage standards and slow growth of many frontline ordinary employees.
In quite a few enterprises, the low treatment of ordinary employees is mainly manifested in long working hours, low income level and poor working and accommodation conditions. It has become a common phenomenon for some enterprises to work overtime, especially some foreign trade order enterprises. In the peak season of production, ordinary employees work 10 ~ 12 hours a day, and work overtime for more than 36 hours a month. In some labor-intensive enterprises, in the name of "flexible" employment system, business operators try to extend the working hours of ordinary employees and reduce labor costs as much as possible without increasing the number of ordinary employees; There are also some enterprises under the guise of piecework wage system, which greatly exceeds the statutory overtime regulations and labor intensity, making some ordinary employees work overtime day and night under the seemingly reasonable "performance pay system".
According to the survey of guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security, the above-mentioned low salary problem leads to the employment gap of Guangdong enterprises of about 900,000, among which the gap of general workers is relatively large, accounting for 610.2 million, accounting for about 68% of the total number of missing workers. Not only in the Pearl River Delta, but also in the Yangtze River Delta, Sichuan, Anhui and other traditional labor exporting provinces, there have also been different degrees of "recruitment difficulties". In recent years, the survey of Guangdong Federation of Trade Unions shows that the monthly wages of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region have only increased by 68 yuan since 12, and more than half of migrant workers can only earn more by working overtime. In this way, even on the surface, the wages of some ordinary employees are 20% ~ 50% higher than the minimum wage, but a lot of income is obtained through overtime. Excluding overtime factors, the wages earned during legal working hours are almost the same as the minimum wage, and in some cases they are even lower than the minimum wage.
The wages of ordinary workers are generally not high. According to the survey, 80% employees earn less than 2000 yuan, and most of them enjoy various benefits, such as catering benefits, paid vacations, insurance, etc. 79.64% of the respondents worked overtime, of which 73.05% worked overtime less than 15 hours per week, 19. 16% worked overtime from 15 to 25 hours, and 3.59% worked overtime over 35 hours. In the survey, 12.57% of the workers' wages have not increased significantly in recent years, 4 1.92% are generally satisfied with the existing wages, and 4 1.3 1% are not satisfied.
The poor treatment of ordinary employees is also reflected in the fact that many enterprises do not take the initiative to improve labor protection conditions and living welfare facilities in order to save costs, so that ordinary front-line employees work in toxic and harmful places for a long time and live in a messy environment, which seriously damages the physical and mental health of ordinary employees. In this case, with the economic and social development and changes, and the gradual enhancement of ordinary workers' awareness of rights, especially the new generation of migrant workers have higher and higher expectations for professional dignity and satisfaction, which makes it difficult for ordinary workers to maintain their normal living needs.
In my survey, the total number of people is 1002, of which 7 13 are ordinary workers. The ratio is 7 1%. Master or above accounts for 1.20%, undergraduate accounts for 7.65,438+09%, senior high school or below accounts for 76.04%, and junior college accounts for 15.57%. Only 1 1.98% are satisfied with the working environment, of which 49. 10% is average, 35.32% is dissatisfied, and the remaining 3.60% doesn't matter. Among the people surveyed, more than 90% have high school education and junior college education, and the proportion of undergraduate education and above is relatively small. It can be seen that most ordinary workers have low academic qualifications, which should be a factor affecting their positions and salary levels. Among them, 5.99% are engaged in dangerous work, and 7 1.26% are generally dangerous, which shows that a considerable number of people are dissatisfied with the existing working environment.
The survey results show that ordinary workers are still in a state of low salary, and the adjustment mechanism of relevant departments needs to be strengthened.
Second, the causes of the problem analysis
The mobility of ordinary workers and the lack of long-term understanding of contracts lead to migrant workers and employers not signing labor contracts in the legal sense when both sides have short-term employment behavior.
In terms of insurance benefits, although enterprises can convey national policies to every ordinary worker according to the spirit of departments at all levels, the participation rate of enterprises has not been improved, mainly because they did not know enough at first. Most ordinary workers think that a few hundred yuan a month's salary, some hard-earned money will be deducted. Although it is not much, they are very uncomfortable. It is better to hold the money in their own hands. Secondly, there is luck. I always feel that endowment insurance is a very distant thing. As for medical insurance, there is generally no problem. You can take some medicine even if you are sick.
On the employer side. Some employers take advantage of loopholes, and enterprises do not violate the minimum wage regulations. Even if the labor productivity and profits of enterprises are greatly improved, it is not illegal not to raise wages for ordinary employees, and it will only be morally condemned. This "legal but unreasonable" phenomenon is widespread.
Three. Measures taken by relevant departments on relevant issues at present
Insurable interest is universal, universal. In terms of improving the participation rate of migrant workers, the government report has brought hope to farmers' friends, "focusing on building a basic medical security system covering urban and rural residents", that is to say, the basic medical security system covering urban and rural residents is a popular project. At present, both the central and local governments have the strength and financial resources to start doing this. According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of last year, the new rural cooperative medical system had covered 465.438 billion people, while the total rural population was 737 million. Then, according to the government work report, the country expanded the coverage of the new rural cooperative medical system from 50.7% counties (cities, districts) last year to more than 80% this year, and the central government arranged subsidies of 65.438+0,065,433. Therefore, in addition to the relevant departments to increase publicity for migrant workers, under the premise of excellent policies, try to shorten the time difference between policies and implementation, so that farmers can enjoy real benefits as soon as possible.
At present, a collective consultation mechanism with wages as the core content and industry collective consultation as the focus has been gradually established to improve the treatment level of ordinary employees. This has an important and fundamental role in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. By establishing a collective wage negotiation mechanism, the enterprise trade union is encouraged to carry out collective consultation on behalf of employees and enterprises on how to reasonably determine the wage level and growth rate, so that the wages of ordinary employees will increase with the improvement of labor productivity and enterprise profits and profit levels. In addition, we also actively explore regional and industry collective consultation systems and sign industry collective contracts covering as many small and medium-sized enterprises as possible to improve the treatment level of ordinary employees.
In order to promote enterprises to establish and implement the concept that "only people-oriented can achieve long-term development". For enterprises, to establish a people-oriented concept is to treat ordinary employees well and provide them with good working and living conditions, so that they can get benefits and improve their treatment in participating in and promoting the development of enterprises. In this way, ordinary workers will regard the enterprise as a place for their own survival and entrepreneurship, and establish a harmonious living environment between workers and enterprises.
Fourth, the investigation summary
Due to the limitation of the investigation task, the number of people is too small, the population is too limited, the regional scope is too narrow, and the investigation method is not accurate, which leads to the limitation and one-sidedness of the investigation results. These problems are quite different from those predicted. Of course, there are also some unexpected problems in the implementation of the investigation. All these were finally solved through my efforts.
Although the investigation can't fully reflect the problems investigated, it is also real and objective data obtained by consulting a large number of relevant reliable materials and investigating a number of relevant people, which has quite credible reference value. Of course, this survey also reflects the living conditions of ordinary workers in society from a certain angle, so the survey has certain practical significance. I hope to get the attention of relevant departments and people.
Social practice report on the treatment of ordinary workers Part II;
order
As contemporary college students, we should approach the society, understand the society, understand people's life after entering the society, adjust our mentality and give ourselves a correct position to adapt to the progress and development of society. I want to learn more about the society through personal experience of social practice, increase my knowledge in practice, cultivate my adaptability, and more importantly, test whether what I have learned can be used by the society. Through this social practice survey, I can find my own shortcomings and gaps, grasp the direction of social development, and make some preparations for myself to enter the society three years later. I collected relevant information and conducted some targeted investigations on some key issues in society. Nowadays, the issue of workers' security and treatment has aroused widespread concern and attention in society. The decent work of working people should first be reflected in the treatment. In fact, to a certain extent, the level of treatment is also directly related to the living conditions and life dignity of ordinary workers. The ratio of workers' remuneration to GDP in China has been declining for 22 years, and the wage level varies greatly in different regions and occupations. Now, China has become one of the countries with the biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. Therefore, a series of social problems have occurred and will continue to occur, seriously affecting social stability and harmony. Before I finished my report, I had learned that the labor and social security departments were taking practical measures to implement the Party's call, stepping up the adjustment and optimization of the treatment of employees in enterprises, and were studying the establishment of a normal and perfect treatment mechanism for employees. First of all, it took me a long time to prepare this survey. I checked some information on the internet and finally locked in the southwest village of Shijie Town, Dongguan City. In the process of investigation, through consulting relevant materials and collecting all kinds of information, a questionnaire was designed and made. I want to find out my own shortcomings and gaps through social practice. This is also to prepare for me to enter the society in three years.
way
Investigation time: 20 13.7.20-20 13.8.
Research locations: Dongguan Shijie Town United Company, Wan You Wood Industry Enterprise and Jing Shun Cardboard.
Survey methods: practice, consultation, questionnaire and typical survey.
Respondents: Dongguan Shijie Town United Company, Wan You Wood Industry Enterprise and Jing Shun Card Board employees.
Text:
At present, the country's comprehensive national strength has been greatly enhanced, and the gross national product (GTP) has maintained a certain growth rate. Now the country is rich. Therefore, everyone's attention has shifted to the lives and wages of ordinary workers and migrant workers, paying attention to the amateur life of ordinary workers, because their amateur life reflects their happiness and living conditions to a certain extent. The following is a simple survey I did.
1) Status quo and data analysis of ordinary workers' treatment and spare time life.
According to my survey, most migrant workers have their own spare time, regardless of their wages, and they have their own activities in their spare time. In the scope of my investigation, many supermarkets or grocery stores have a TV set at the door after work. Generally, there is a small dining table outside the supermarket, and then the workers get together independently after work. Sometimes there are not so many people at the dinner table. Usually, many people ride bicycles from a little far away, sit on bicycles and watch TV, or chat with each other to relieve work pressure and release emotions; The TV set is provided by the supermarket owner, which not only makes a contribution, but also attracts more customers, makes the facade of our supermarket a little square, and also improves the popularity of our supermarket. These commercial measures can be used for reference when we enter social entrepreneurship in the future.
I worked in Wan You Enterprise of United Company for 265,438+0 days. My colleague, Liu Bin, is my main object of investigation, and I conducted an in-depth investigation with typical investigation methods. He goes to a Park Hyatt Square every night to listen to music and see if there are any handsome guys. After a long time, he can hum a few words at work, and sometimes he really has that accent. The second extracurricular activity is to take a walk in the street (Dongguan is always cool at night) to relax. According to him, going out for a walk and staying in the dormitory are completely two concepts. As long as I go out for a walk and listen to music, my heart will be satisfied and my mood will be relieved, so that I can have enough spirit at work the next day. According to him, his salary was sent home. He has a wife and two children at home, and all sources of income are his salary in Weibo. He has worked in the joint venture company Wan You Enterprise for more than three years. He said that he didn't really want to do this job, but he was illiterate, didn't know a few Chinese characters, and couldn't learn any skills, so he could only do this low-tech job. All his living expenses are earned by working overtime. On the other hand, in other enterprises, with the progress of economy and technology, the labor productivity of many enterprises has increased several times or even ten times in recent years, but the treatment level of ordinary employees has not improved simultaneously, resulting in the long-term low treatment and wage standard of many front-line ordinary employees and slow growth. In quite a few enterprises, the low treatment of ordinary employees is mainly manifested in long working hours, low income level and poor working and accommodation conditions. It has become a common phenomenon for some enterprises to work overtime, especially some foreign trade order enterprises. In the peak season of production, ordinary employees work 10 ~ 12 hours a day, and work overtime for more than 36 hours a month. In some labor-intensive enterprises, in the name of "flexible" employment system, business operators try to extend the working hours of ordinary employees and reduce labor costs as much as possible without increasing the number of ordinary employees; There are also some enterprises under the guise of piecework wage system, which greatly exceeds the statutory overtime regulations and labor intensity, making some ordinary employees work overtime day and night under the seemingly reasonable "performance pay system". According to the survey, 80% employees earn less than 2000 yuan, and most of them enjoy various benefits, such as catering benefits, paid vacations, insurance, etc. 79.64% of the respondents worked overtime, of which 73.05% worked overtime less than 15 hours per week, 19. 16% worked overtime from 15 to 25 hours, and 3.59% worked overtime over 35 hours. In the survey, 2.57% of the workers' wages have not increased significantly in recent years, 4 1.92% are generally satisfied with the existing wages, and 4 1.3 1% are dissatisfied. The poor treatment of ordinary employees is also reflected in the fact that many enterprises do not take the initiative to improve labor protection conditions and living welfare facilities in order to save costs, so that ordinary front-line employees work in toxic and harmful places for a long time and live in a messy environment, which seriously damages the physical and mental health of ordinary employees. In this case, with the economic and social development and changes, and the gradual enhancement of ordinary workers' awareness of rights, especially the new generation of migrant workers' expectations of professional dignity and satisfaction are getting higher and higher, it is difficult for ordinary workers to maintain their normal living needs with this kind of treatment, of which 5.99% are engaged in dangerous jobs and 7 1.26% are ordinary, indicating that a considerable number of people are dissatisfied with the existing working environment. The survey results show that ordinary workers are still in a state of low salary, and the adjustment mechanism of relevant departments needs to be strengthened.
2) Cause analysis of the problem.
The mobility of ordinary workers and the lack of long-term understanding of contracts lead to migrant workers and employers not signing labor contracts in the legal sense when both sides have short-term employment behavior. In terms of insurance benefits, although enterprises can convey national policies to every ordinary worker in accordance with the spirit of departments at all levels, the participation rate of enterprises has not been improved, mainly because they did not understand it at first. Most ordinary workers think that a few hundred yuan a month's salary, some hard-earned money will be deducted, although not much, but their hearts are very uncomfortable, it is better to hold the money in their own hands; Secondly, there is luck. I always feel that endowment insurance is a very distant thing. As for medical insurance, there is generally no problem. You can take some medicine even if you are sick. On the employer side. Some employers have taken advantage of the loopholes in the law, and enterprises have not violated the most.
Even if the labor productivity and profits of enterprises are greatly improved, it is not illegal not to raise wages for ordinary employees, but it will only be morally condemned. This "legal but unreasonable" phenomenon is widespread.
3) Measures and suggestions on related issues.
1. Urban managers should provide convenience and services for migrant workers in terms of policies, laws, working conditions, employment guidance, entrepreneurial environment, urban management, rights protection and humanistic care. Establish a social security system in line with national conditions and steadily promote the construction of rural security system. 2. Effectively safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers: clean up unreasonable policies and regulations that are not conducive to the employment of migrant workers in recent years and establish a unified labor market; Explore a more flexible and more suitable social security system for migrant workers; To solve the problem of employers defaulting on or deducting the wages of migrant workers, it is mainly to clean up the old arrears and control the new ones so as to avoid recurrence. Establish a long-term mechanism, strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement, improve the wage guarantee and payment system, and use legal means to protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers and urban workers. Insurable interest is universal, universal. In terms of improving the participation rate of migrant workers, the government report has brought hope to farmers' friends, "focusing on building a basic medical security system covering urban and rural residents", that is to say, the basic medical security system covering urban and rural residents is a popular project. At present, both the central and local governments have the strength and financial resources to start doing this. According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of last year, the new rural cooperative medical system had covered 465.438 billion people, while the total rural population was 737 million. According to the government work report, the coverage of the new rural cooperative medical system will be expanded from 50.7% counties (cities, districts) last year to more than 80% this year, and the central government will arrange subsidies of 654.38+0065438+ billion. Therefore, in addition to the relevant departments to increase publicity for migrant workers, under the premise of excellent policies, try to shorten the time difference between policies and implementation, so that farmers can enjoy real benefits as soon as possible. At present, a collective consultation mechanism with wages as the core content and industry collective consultation as the focus has been gradually established to improve the treatment level of ordinary employees. Strengthen publicity and education, overcome the shackles of old ideas, and establish new concepts of employment and job selection. Under the leadership of the government, we should take various forms to release the thoughts of migrant workers through various channels, publicize various policies and information, eliminate farmers' doubts, effectively help migrant workers change their concepts and guide employment with new ideas. Set up various training courses to provide free training for migrant workers, improve their labor skills, do a good job in training migrant workers, and increase their employment opportunities and welfare. So as to further liberate and develop productive forces, improve labor productivity and obtain better economic benefits. This has an important and fundamental role in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. By establishing a collective wage negotiation mechanism, the enterprise trade union is encouraged to carry out collective consultation on behalf of employees and enterprises on how to reasonably determine the wage level and growth rate, so that the wages of ordinary employees will increase with the improvement of labor productivity and enterprise profits and profit levels. In addition, we also actively explore the regional industry collective consultation system, sign industry collective contracts covering as many small and medium-sized enterprises as possible, and improve the treatment level of ordinary employees. In order to promote enterprises to establish and implement the concept that "only people-oriented can achieve long-term development". For enterprises, to establish a people-oriented concept is to treat ordinary employees well and provide them with good working and living conditions, so that they can get benefits and improve their treatment in participating in and promoting the development of enterprises. In this way, ordinary workers will regard the enterprise as a place for their own survival and entrepreneurship, and establish a harmonious living environment between workers and enterprises.
Survey summary:
Because the task of this survey is limited by too many factors, the population that can be surveyed is quite limited, the regional scope is too narrow, and the survey method is not accurate enough, which leads to certain limitations and one-sidedness of the survey results. These problems are quite different from those predicted. Of course, there are also some unexpected problems in the implementation of the investigation. All these were finally solved through my efforts. Although the investigation can't fully reflect the problems investigated, it is also real and objective data obtained by consulting a large number of relevant reliable materials and investigating a number of relevant people, which has quite credible reference value. Of course, this survey also reflects the living conditions of ordinary workers in society from a certain angle, so the survey has certain practical significance.
I hope to get the attention of relevant departments and people.
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