The skills that the American Association of Group Work Professionals should have as a group leader.
1. Be able to select suitable group participants.
2. Have a clear definition of group consultation, and have the ability to explain group objectives and procedures to team members.
3. Ability to actively intervene in the behavior of team members.
4. Make appropriate presentations for team members.
5. Explain the nonverbal behaviors in the group correctly and appropriately.
6. Consulting technology can be used effectively when appropriate.
7. Critical moments in the mediation process.
8. Be able to use major group technologies, strategies and procedures.
9. Promote therapeutic factors that lead to group changes.
10. Know how to end team activities effectively.
1 1. Maintain and support team members through tracking.
12. Evaluate the results of the team through measurement.
First, the technology commonly used in the process of group counseling
(A) reaction technology
Interactive technology
(3) the technology of action
(A) reaction technology
1. Listen: Listening is not just listening with your ears, but more importantly, listening with your heart and putting yourself in the other person's shoes. We should not only understand what the other person expresses through language and behavior, but also listen to what the other person does not express clearly and implicitly in the dialogue.
2. Retelling: Not simply repeating what the other party said, but focusing on his dialogue, and re-describing the information conveyed by the other party in a clearer, clearer and more appropriate way.
3. Reflection: Reflection means that the counselor pays close attention to and understands the feelings of group members, including facial expressions, gestures, intonation, movements and other nonverbal expressions, and comprehensively reflects the feelings of group members through his own language, movements and expressions, so that members can realize that the leader has been working with him to deal with psychological problems.
4. Clarification: In view of the unclear or confusing expression of members, the leaders help members to tell the missing information and rearrange the confusing places to make the meaning more accurate.
5. Answering questions: When members ask questions to leaders or other members, they can use rhetorical questions or let other members of the group express their opinions.
6. Abstract: Abstract refers to the group leader's feedback to members on the progress or content of the group with a simple narrative at the end or near the end of the group.
The purpose of applying reaction technology
Let members feel concerned and respected.
Let members express their ideas more accurately.
Interactive technology
1. Building relationships is the basis of interactive technology. Group leaders must have unconditional positive care, sincerity, * * affection, respect and other basic attitudes, so that members feel warm and safe, so as to open themselves in the group, form a good group atmosphere, and form respect, acceptance, caring interpersonal relationships and mutual trust.
2. Interpretation: refers to the process that group leaders give meaning to the verbal behavior or non-verbal behavior statements of group members, aiming to help members understand themselves and guide them to change their behavior. Interpretation is not to persuade, but to provide thinking.
3. Linking: Leaders link the similarities of thoughts, behaviors or emotions expressed by members, or link related data fragments that some members are unaware of, so as to help members understand their similarities and differences, increase their sense of identity, and prompt opportunities to re-examine personal data.
4. Motivation: also known as catalysis, it is a technology to help group members increase meaningful interaction, and it is also a technology that runs through the whole process of group consultation. Motivation refers to a skill that group leaders take actions to encourage group members to participate, such as warming up, breaking the deadlock or introducing important information to the group.
5. Stop: It is a measure taken by the group leader to prevent the improper behavior of the group or some members. Not personal, avoid labeling. For example, attacking members who are not present, discussing gossip about a member, and chasing questions. When this happens, leaders need to stop it with a firm but gentle tone.
6. Protection: Using technology is a necessary and safe response to ensure that group members are protected from unnecessary psychological risks or unnecessary physical and mental injuries. Because conflicts or other negative behaviors will inevitably occur in groups where many people participate, leaders should be aware of them in time and guide them safely.
7. Support: refers to the encouragement given by group leaders to members, which enhances their confidence and helps to improve the cohesion of the group.
8. Feedback: Also known as feedback, giving feedback is one of the most important and effective technologies in a group. It is the expression that leaders make concrete and necessary responses to members according to their behavior process and understanding, so that members can use this information to change their behavior. The timing of feedback should be appropriate and non-judgmental language should be used as much as possible. Feedback can also be spontaneous among members or invited by leaders.
9. Self-disclosure: also known as open self, refers to the meaningful and constructive sharing of similar personal experiences, feelings and opinions by group leaders at an appropriate time. The content of leaders' self-disclosure must be related to the theme of the group and the concerns of members here and now. Self-disclosure helps leaders to establish good relations with members, promote group atmosphere, and at the same time enhance the effect of members' demonstration learning and stimulate their thinking.
10. compromise: leaders invite group members to express different views in an objective and fair position to ensure that all opinions have a fair chance to be heard.
1 1. focus: including the technology of establishing, maintaining or shifting focus. The group leader should be able to judge the focus of the group at this time and understand the most suitable focus here and now, so as to properly use the focusing technology.
12. Quoting skills: generally used in the face of some shy or silent members, leaders need to encourage them to speak properly. Group leaders can use activities to invite all members directly and universally, name names, or use nonverbal skills such as eye contact or other gestures to induce members to speak.
13. with eyes: in the process of group, leaders often need to look around the whole group with their eyes. Even when the group focuses on each member, the leader needs to naturally observe the group from the corner, so that a lot of valuable information can be collected, such as who agrees or disagrees with the speaker, who seems to have something to say, who has a strong emotional reaction, and special nonverbal signals, which are the basis for the leader to intervene at any time. In addition, leaders can also encourage members to speak with their eyes or deliberately divert their attention to prevent members from speaking.
14. observation: observing the group process is a technology that leaders need to use from beginning to end. At the same time, it is also one of the important leadership skills for leaders to guide members to improve their observation and sensitivity to group processes. If we always focus on what members are discussing and ignore the process of the group (that is, what is happening in the group at the moment, interaction methods and procedures), we will ignore a lot of valuable information.
The goal of interactive technology use
Facilitate connection
(3) the technology of action
1. Start-up technology: Also known as start-up technology, it is a technology that leaders get involved in the group at an appropriate time and let members enter an active state. Generally, it is used at the beginning of the group, when the group power is stagnant and the group turns from one direction to another. Starting technology can bring out members' sense of participation and turn it into positive group motivation.
2. Ask: The questions to be asked should be related to the members' self-information, such as the contents related to their current life, the contents that members are willing to work hard and change, and the contents that members are willing to take risks and responsibilities. Queries include open and closed.
In the process of negotiation, leaders should try to use open sentences to guide members to explore the connotation and reasons of their own behavior and improve their self-awareness.
3. Face-to-face: it is a common method of individual consultation and group consultation. When the group leader realizes the contradictions and inconsistencies in members' thoughts, feelings and behaviors, he should clearly point them out and ask for answers.
Generally speaking, noodles are needed in the following situations:
? What members say now is inconsistent with what they do;
? What members say is inconsistent with what they feel;
? What members say now is inconsistent with what they said in the past;
? What the members said is inconsistent with what the leaders think.
? Note: noodles should be used after establishing a good relationship. The attitude of noodles should be respectful and caring, and the content should be specific and correct.
4. Mediation: refers to the intervention when the group's time is improperly used and the direction and rhythm of the group deviate from the theme, such as the group develops too fast, the members are not used to or can't stand the group atmosphere, and the group discussion is off topic.
The situations requiring mediation action are:
? The member's reaction was hostile.
? When the opinions of most members are incorrect
? Group members are forced to accept the group's decision.
? Groups cause excessive tension or submissive pressure.
Note: The purpose of using technology is to focus the group consultation on the content related to the group. In the process of group negotiation, if someone chats aimlessly, talks too much, stands by and is careless, the leader must take action, concentrate and bring the rambling topic back to a meaningful content.
5. Demonstration: refers to providing a model for group members to follow through movies, videos and the adaptive behavior of therapists and peers, so as to correct the unsuitable behavior.
In group consultation, whether the group leader likes it or not, his words and deeds have played an exemplary role for the group members.
Volunteers with similar backgrounds but well-adapted to the group members can be specially invited to provide a good example for the group members to learn and imitate, which can often produce very special curative effects.
The goal of using mobile technology
Improve the degree of self-opening of members
The Technology of Response-Accepting Groups
Interactive technology-integration into the group
The Technology of Action-Deepening the Group