abstract
Shou Chang Bridge, also known as Shangzhu Bridge, is located in Duerwayao Natural Village, Deqing County. Yao Zhijian was born in Xian Chunjian (1265— 1274) in the Southern Song Dynasty. Shou Chang Bridge spans the Shangzhu River and is a single-hole stone arch bridge. It is 35.2m long and 2.8m wide, with an arch span of17.2m.. There is a Sumitomo stone fence on the top, and a lotus petal pattern observation column is placed in the middle; Both sides are paved with stamping belts; The wharf is built into a diamond wall with long square stones. The building is simple and magnificent, and it is the most intact ancient bridge in Deqing County. Now it is a provincial cultural relics protection unit.
According to Ming Jiajing's Wu Kang County Records, "Shou Chang Bridge, with a bridge built on it, is 18 miles southeast of the county (Wu Kang County). Yao Zhijian, Song Xianyu is a monk. " Due to the extinction of the inscription on the bridge, there is no more detailed record in the history books, and the exact date and previous maintenance of Shou Chang Bridge are unknown. However, judging from the shape, material, style and decorative techniques of the bridge, Shou Chang Bridge is basically similar to the bridges in the Song Dynasty in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and it is relatively well preserved, so it is an important material for studying the stone arch bridge in the Song Dynasty in China. Zhao Mengfu walked across the bridge, Hong Sheng walked across the bridge, and Jiang Kui lived next to it. It can be said that the bridge is popular with people.
art
Shou Chang Bridge is one of the stone arch bridges with the characteristics of the times. Its scientific design, beautiful shape and excellent construction, especially the single-span and split-point method, are rare in similar bridges. It is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit and has been declared a national-level cultural relics protection unit. Shou Chang Bridge was completed about 130 years later than Yong 'an Bridge. The material used for Shou Chang Bridge is Wukangshi from Fangfeng Mountain near the bridge, with a bridge foundation of 40m and a clear span of17.40m. The value of this bridge lies in its superb point-gathering method, such as pier, arch coupon and toe of slope. Therefore, the design of Shou Chang Bridge should be more distinctive than Yong 'an Bridge and Qinghe Bridge. Although these three bridges are arch bridges, it is not difficult to find that there are still some differences in form and construction technology. The carving technology of Shou Chang Bridge fully shows the outstanding intelligence of designers, such as the matching technology of moire pattern and group nail pattern. Shou Chang Bridge is engraved with the word Shou Chang as the name of the bridge. On the right side of the arch, there is also a beautifully carved lotus combination pattern, which is the most important feature of the bridge in Song and Yuan Dynasties. The shape of Shou Chang Bridge, like a masterpiece of exquisite craftsmanship, is in sharp contrast with the modern expressway Bridge next to it and becomes a beautiful local landscape. It is the largest and most well-preserved single-hole stone arch bridge in the Song Dynasty found in Hangjiahu Lake in northern Zhejiang and even the Yangtze River Delta region. It has a high value of cultural relics and ancient buildings.
architectural feature
Life cycle
Seen from the bridge, there are three sentry posts with different periods, forms and styles asymmetrically. The "Ruyi Stone" on the south and north sides of the bridge (this stone is usually the first step on the slope of the bridge deck) is now at a distance below the bridge deck; There are obvious differences in masonry and masonry technology between feldspar and ruyi stone walls, and there are some arc joints. It can be judged that Shou Chang Bridge has been repaired or rebuilt in more than 700 years, especially for the original deck with large slope and inconvenient walking, the slope is slowed down by extending and raising the approach deck. Of course, this kind of repair or decoration is only the surface or periphery of the bridge, and it has not changed the main style of the bridge excessively. Therefore, the style of Shouchang Bridge in Southern Song Dynasty still exists, so it is precious.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were many stone arch bridges in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, but few of them were as tall and complete as Shou Chang Bridge. There are only two cases where the clear distance of arch coupons approaches or exceeds Shou Chang Bridge17.40m.. Therefore, Shou Chang Bridge is the largest existing stone arch bridge in the south of the Yangtze River in the Song Dynasty. Its elegant and light shape and unchangeable firmness are masterpieces of similar bridges in Song Dynasty.
shape
Shou Chang Bridge is a single-hole solid-web arc stone arch bridge, which runs from north to south. The total length is 32.85m, the height is 9.19m, the width of bridge top surface is 2.86m, the width of bridge bottom surface is 3.24m, the height of arch coupons is 7.16m, and the net span of arch coupons is17.40m.. The arched coupon consists of eleven parts side by side (no coupon). The rhombic walls on both sides of the bridge body are staggered and tiled, the walls gradually overlap from bottom to top, and the bridge deck gradually expands from the inside (the center of the bridge deck) to the outside, which increases the integrity and stability of the bridge and embodies the good mechanical structure principle. A pair of exposed columns and three pairs of iron dragon stones are symmetrically arranged on the wall, and the two sides of the wall pull each other, and the two ends of the iron dragon stone leap out of the flat arc beam head (commonly known as anchor stone). The bridge deck consists of two side stones parallel to the bridge body and flat plates and steps perpendicular to the bridge body. Anti-skid ribs are chiseled on the side stone surface, and corner patterns are engraved on the outside. There are fences and pillars on the side, and both ends are nailed with drum stones. There are no steps in the middle of the bridge deck because of the gentle slope, and the steps on both sides are convenient to go up and down. Sumitomo-style fence is all stone, and six pairs of square lotus-covered sentries are placed between the fences. On both sides of the center of the bridge, there are the names of "Shouchang" in regular script. Under the side stones of the bridge deck, there are strips with embossed ivory lines and wishful cirrus lines (temporarily called "side cushion stones"). Ivory thread and Ruyi cirrus thread are commonly used decorative patterns for bridges in Jiangnan area in Song Dynasty.
Preservation condition
The main body of Shou Chang Bridge is well preserved, and the arch coupon structure is relatively stable. However, after more than 700 years of sun and rain, coupled with the destruction of natural forces and man-made destruction, it can be described as dangerous. In August, 2005, Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute conducted a comprehensive survey of Shou Chang Bridge, and found that the abutment pile foundation of Shou Chang Bridge had been partially hollowed out and some wooden stakes were exposed. Displacement, bulge and fracture of bridge masonry; Many fence posts are incomplete or missing; Uneven deck steps; The stones on the bridge are severely weathered, and the trees and weeds are overgrown in the cracks.
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