With the rapid development of science and technology, especially the appearance and wide application of electronic information technology industry, the era of big machine industry, which ruled mankind for more than 100 years, is declining and replaced by the arrival of information knowledge society. A new technological revolution is quietly brewing and rising, and new management technologies, methods, principles and theories make the management world colorful. These methods and theories are sweeping the world and the whole industry.
CIMS——
World-class manufacturing enterprise logo
Cims is a computer integrated manufacturing system. It came into being in the 1970s and was formed in the 1980s. It is a systematic integration of enterprise's product design, manufacturing, management and other functions by using modern information technologies such as computer software and hardware, network and database. CIM S has brand-new characteristics such as flexibility, comprehensiveness, timeliness and intelligence. It is suitable for multi-variety and small batch production, integrates the comprehensive advantages of organization, talents and technology, realizes intelligent production, and adapts to the personalized and diversified needs of the era of consumer sovereignty. In the mid-1970s, computer technology began to be implanted into machine tools to form CNC, and then modern information technology was used to connect CNC with various functions to form a flexible manufacturing system (PM S). On this basis, through the re-integration of management information system (M IS), engineering design integration system (EDIS) and manufacturing automation system (MS), the computer integrated manufacturing system CIM S is finally formed. CIM S is not so much an advanced manufacturing technology as an information-based production management method. In the late 1980s, CIM S was implemented in industrialized countries and achieved good results. The goal of implementing CIM S is to take customers as the core and fully meet the requirements of users in terms of T (delivery time), Q (product quality), C (cost) and S (service), so as to truly win the market. CIM S is becoming the main symbol of world-class manufacturing enterprises, and the new industrial revolution has come, which makes people begin to realize the feeling that "one ounce of silicon in a computer is more important than one ton of uranium".
Lean production-
A brand-new production mode
Lean production came into being in Japan in 1950s and matured in the late 1980s. In 1950s, two engineers of Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Hideyoshi and Taiichi Ono, created a unique "lean production" production model. The main feature of lean production is to develop and design new products with high quality and low cost continuously and quickly and put them into the market. The product development adopts the responsibility system of "sh a sa", the development process adopts "CE", the marketing activity adopts "Team in g w o rk", and the production plan and inventory management mode adopts "Ju s t in tim e", which are formed and transmitted.
The traditional "push" plan management mode is opposite to the "pull" management mode, and the quality management adopts "Total Quality Control (TQC)". Lean production emphasizes that advanced technology and equipment can only be brought into full play through enterprise management innovation, organizational structure adjustment and personnel quality improvement, and attaches great importance to the integration and effective utilization of technology, management and manpower. Concurrent engineering organizes the development, production and marketing of products, so as to adapt to the characteristics of small batch and multi-variety market demand, realize the whole life cycle of products to meet the needs of users, and greatly improve the market competitiveness.
AM or ABM-
Taylor's Breakthrough of "Scientific Management"
Activity management (A activity b a sedm management et) is the starting point and core of an enterprise, and it is the internal deepening and refinement of enterprise management. It emphasizes waste-free management in the whole process of enterprise production and operation, and takes deepening technology and purification procedures as the leading idea to control all kinds of consumption at the lowest level. Pay great attention to the rational layout of the organization, use computer software programs to adjust related production functions, shorten the processing route and production cycle, cancel non-value-added operations, and improve the added value of products. AM is market-oriented, taking users' needs as the starting point, and implements the business philosophy of serving users in every operation link, forming a demand-driven production management model. Total Quality Management (TQM) runs through the whole operation process, emphasizing timely delivery and realizing "zero inventory" of product inventory. , product quality "zero defect"? In order to maximize the efficiency of value-added operations and optimize the overall efficiency of enterprises. According to the survey, 39% enterprises in Britain, 30% enterprises in America and about 45% enterprises in Japan have applied AM. In China, Beijing No.1 Machine Tool Works, Shenyang Blower Works and Handan Iron and Steel Company all adopted AM or similar AM methods and achieved great success. Since Taylor founded "scientific management theory", AM is making a major breakthrough.
5S——
New strategy of factory management
5S (the first letter of five-word Japanese vocabulary: cleaning, rectification, cleaning, standardization, training and discipline) management law. Elegant factory environment, good work order and strict work discipline are the basic requirements for improving work efficiency, producing high-quality and high-precision products, reducing waste and saving materials and time costs. Cleaning the work site in time and letting useless things leave the work area can not only provide clean space for production, but also make the working industry or workers happy and efficient. Rectifying warehouse management and marking warehouse materials can not only properly keep materials, but also straighten out supply procedures and reduce inventory. Make the cleaning responsibility chart and timetable, define the cleaning time, place, content and person in charge, and keep the factory and workplace clean and tidy. Set cleaning standards and stick to them throughout the factory.
Achieve neatness and order. Strict factory discipline, thoroughly correct slack, and form a work style and discipline in which everyone is responsible and violations must be corrected.
7S——
Rigid-flexible management mode
The 7S model of successful enterprise management put forward by M ek of sey, a first-class consulting company in the United States, is increasingly adopted by the industry. Strategy, s tru c tu re and Sy system are the "hardware" of successful enterprise management. ; Style, people, skills and the same values are the "software" of successful enterprise management. . In the early 1980s, M ichm e l Po r ta r of Harvard University put forward an industry analysis model. The problem of strategic planning has attracted the attention of managers all over the world, making them fully realize that "management is not just doing things right, but more importantly doing things right? . Strategic planning enables managers to be far-sighted and focus on leadership, mission and vision to lead the company into the future. Establishing an organizational structure capable of implementing strategies and plans and designing various systems are necessary measures to ensure the implementation of strategies. However, only
"Hardware" is not enough. In today's enterprise management, software is more important than the above hardware. Every company should have a unique positive style and pay more attention to the value, personality and self-realization of talents.
Customized marketing-
The latest field of marketing in the 1990s.
The famous marketing scientist Ph ilip k o tle r is the latest achievement in the field of marketing in the 1990s. Due to the rapid development of modern manufacturing information technology, manufacturers can tailor clothes according to the individual needs of customers. Multi-variety and small batch flexible production technology is realizing the design and production of "only you are suitable" according to the differences of customers. Products. Enterprises use the power of computers to establish direct contact with selected customer groups. "Virtual company? Connect producers through temporary organizations, dissolve as soon as the business is over, and then form a "virtual company" according to the needs of new customer groups? Develop production and services, so as to truly reduce management costs and overcome the bureaucracy of fixed companies.
Team-
The intrinsic value of an enterprise is the same.
During the period of 1993, among the top ten western management bestsellers, there were three books with "team" as the main content. The emergence of "team" is not accidental, it is due to the arrival of the information society and the actual needs of lean production. The "team" in the enterprise can bypass the original intermediate management level and avoid the traditional vertical organizational structure of the enterprise.
The information transmission of middle and middle management is not smooth, smooth or distorted. "Group" directly designs, produces and manufactures products for users or customers to meet the ever-changing market demand quickly. By adopting team organization and working methods, we can establish different levels of value recognition and fate recognition, and establish a team spirit of honor, loyalty and dedication, which may fully pay attention to the realization of each member's self-worth goal and dig deeply into individuals.
Cis-
The era of corporate image competition is coming.
Cis (c orpo ra te id en titisy s tem) is a corporate identity system, which translates corporate image strategy. Since 1970s, many new changes have taken place in the international market environment. As a result of the new technological revolution, enterprises generally master new technologies quickly, which not only promotes the sustained and rapid development of production, but also makes the products between enterprises indistinguishable in quality, performance and service. In marketing, strategy and counter-strategy offset each other's competitiveness, forcing enterprises to find new competitive advantages. Products can be imitated, marketing methods can be imitated, but corporate image cannot be imitated. Shaping and maintaining a vivid and powerful image to participate in market competition is becoming a revolution (image revolution) in enterprise competition. This revolution originated in the United States in 1950s, and has prevailed in Europe, America, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan Province Province and other countries and regions since 1970s. It requires enterprises to completely "turn over a new leaf" from the deep soul shaping, the improvement of the overall quality of enterprises to the integration of the external image of enterprises, based on "backward ideas and values, tradition and development, decision-making and management concepts, investment in scale and equipment, manpower and technical reserves, products and products".
Corporate culture-
The Power of Enterprise Ideology
The emergence and formation of X-theory, Y-theory, Super-Y-theory and Z-theory in western enterprise management theories have built a basic framework for enterprise ideology and are the new development of contemporary humanistic enterprise management theory. Enterprise management has changed from not seeing and ignoring people at first to attaching importance to and developing people, and has changed Taylor's so-called "scientific management" into a basic value judgment of human nature. People in enterprises are not only "economic people", but also "social people" and "self-actualized people". Emphasis is placed on cultivating or shaping corporate culture and carrying forward the specific characteristics of enterprises.
The value system (business philosophy, business philosophy creed, business objectives), behavior system (organizational environment, structure, strategy, planning, habits and conventions) and business style (factory style, organizational style, tradition, code of conduct, behavior ability) are organically combined and reasonably improved. It encourages enterprises and employees to keep forging ahead, standardizes and constrains employees' behaviors, unites employees' various strengths, communicates the relationships and emotions at all levels inside and outside the enterprise, and guides enterprises to make progress, be proactive and innovate constantly. Corporate culture promotes the prosperity of enterprises with an invisible great force.
Enterprise reengineering-
Integration of management mode
As early as 1986, The Recreate Company, written by American forecaster Naisby, was rated as one of the top ten best-sellers in the United States that year. The book comprehensively expounds the content and significance of reengineering the company. 1983, the book "Rebirth" co-written by Hammer and Qian Ci swept the world again. Enterprise reengineering is to completely abandon the organizational model and working model of enterprises formed over the years, and redesign the management, operation and operation model of enterprises according to the characteristics of the information society, the needs of customers and the changes in the market competition pattern. Integrate operational processes, starting from the study of the division of work, starting from how each process can better serve customers, and run information technology throughout the entire operational process to realize process innovation and establish an organizational structure and management system that can give full play to people's value. Re-engineering companies place great emphasis on the two most important people: employees and customers. The only lasting competitive advantage of an enterprise is to have unusual people who can use the same strategy. The sharp weakening of middle management is under way. Self-management and self-decision are replacing managers' middle managers, and computers are replacing managers who manage production lines. The system design beyond organizational boundaries is closer to the work site and customers, making more effective decisions and responding more quickly, thus truly adapting to the ever-changing business environment.
In today's world, new management models and methods emerge one after another. There is no strict boundary between the above 10 management innovations. They are all new management ideas and practices with their own characteristics and mutual penetration due to the output and application of modern information technology. They are the negation of the traditional management mode in the interaction between the enterprise system and the external environment, and they are a major pioneering work in managing the world. Management innovation is also the secret of many enterprises to acquire enterprises.