As far as its image characteristics are concerned, art can be called plastic arts. For example, painting uses brushes and mineral pigments as modeling media, sculpture uses metal, stone and wood as modeling media, architecture uses reinforced concrete and bricks as modeling media, while computer digital art uses computers and applied plastic arts software installed on the computer operating system platform as modeling media, and its "brushes" and "pigments" are replaced by mice and monitors, all of which are aimed at vision rather than vision.
Art is also called space art. Western traditional art refers to the concept of physics, and regards length, width and depth as the concept of "three-dimensional space" to express the visual reality. This feature of traditional art has actually been realized by computer art. Computer art is undoubtedly an important development and improvement of art as a space art, from the traditional representation of three-dimensional space with light and shade and perspective to the operation of three-dimensional space with digital real vectors-computer three-dimensional animation.
The aesthetics of works of art is accomplished through vision, so art is also called "visual art". Computer art inherits the essence and characteristics of traditional art. "Any visual art category, style, form or symbol that can be appreciated through visual media can be included" (see page 3 of Volume I of Encyclopedia of China Art Volume), so computer art is visual art. ..
Design is a branch of fine arts. The birth of computer digital art has brought great opportunities for the development of this art branch. From light industrial products such as commodity packaging, clothing, furniture and architectural decoration to heavy industrial products such as automobiles, ships and airplanes, computer art design has been adopted, which has greatly changed the design concept and concept of designers. Computer art provides designers with unlimited creative space, realizes their imagination and creativity, and makes their work more comfortable.
With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, artists' creative methods are more and more diversified, and the concept of art is more and more broad. Computer art with high technology as its means of expression has undoubtedly won a place in the big family of plastic arts. In the classification of art, art is also called plastic art, visual art and space art, which refers to the artistic activities carried out by artists using certain materials, such as color, paper, canvas, clay, stone, wood and metal. Create a visible plane or stereoscopic visual image to reflect the natural and social life and express the artist's thoughts and feelings. Mainly including painting, sculpture, craft, architecture and other types.
draw
Painting is the most important art form in plastic arts. It refers to an art form that uses artistic language such as lines, colors and shapes to create a static visual image in a two-dimensional space (that is, a plane) and express the author's aesthetic feelings through artistic means such as modeling, color and composition.
There are many kinds of paintings, which can be divided into different categories from different angles.
Geographically, painting can be divided into oriental painting and western painting;
From the perspective of tool materials, painting can be divided into ink painting, oil painting, mural painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, gouache painting and so on.
From the subject matter, painting can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting, still life painting, animal painting and so on.
From the form of works, painting can be divided into murals, New Year pictures, cartoons, cartoons, posters, illustrations and so on.
Different types of painting forms, due to their different historical traditions, have their own unique forms of expression and aesthetic characteristics.
Chinese painting, also known as ink painting, has its own system and unique features in the world painting world, and is the mainstream of the oriental painting system. As far as tool materials are concerned, Chinese painting is painted on Xuan paper and silk with brush and ink. It pays attention to pen and ink, focusing on modeling with pen and ink. In the way of expression, Chinese painting adopts scattered perspective method. In the composition of the picture, Chinese painting pays attention to poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, forming a unique beauty of form and content. Oil painting is the representative of western painting and the most influential painting in the world.
As far as tool materials are concerned, oil painting is painted on cloth, wood or cardboard with oily pigments. In the way of expression, traditional oil painters use focus perspective to paint. In the picture composition, pay attention to the richness of the picture scenery, fill the picture in the natural order, and present the true realm of nature.
carve
Sculpture is an art form, which can use materials to carve and shape a three-dimensional image to express thoughts and feelings. The types of sculpture can be divided from different angles.
From the production process, sculpture can be divided into sculpture and plastic.
Carving is to cut off and chisel away the redundant parts from a complete and solid blank, such as stone carving, wood carving and jade carving. Plastics are connected by bonding materials to form the required shapes, such as clay sculptures and pottery sculptures.
Sculpture can be divided into memorial sculpture, architectural decoration sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, mausoleum sculpture and exhibition sculpture according to the theme.
From the form of expression, sculpture can be divided into round carving and relief. The circular sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all directions. Relief is a raised artistic image carved on a plane. The technique of expression depends on volume and structure.
The emergence and development of sculpture is closely related to human production activities, and it is also directly influenced by social ideologies such as religion and philosophy in various times. For example, there were circular sculptures of naked women, mares and wild boar in Paleolithic France, and the stone carvings, bone carvings, portraits of goddesses and painted heads found 5,000-6,000 years ago in Hejiawan, Shaanxi, China and Lingyuan and Jianping, Liaoning, which reflected the process of human worship of natural forces and animals, as well as their understanding of themselves and the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum reproduce the power of the imperial army more than two thousand years ago. Sculpture is the crystallization of times, thoughts, feelings and aesthetic concepts, and it is an intuitive record of social development. Handicraft refers to products with strong aesthetic value after artistic treatment of daily necessities. We generally divide arts and crafts into practical arts and crafts and arts and crafts appreciated by furnishings.
Practical arts and crafts are the main body and foundation of the whole arts and crafts, including clothing, food, culture, transportation and use. Practical value is the main value of these arts and crafts, and aesthetic value exists as an auxiliary value. Such handicrafts include decorative tea sets, lamps, wooden furniture, embroidery products, grass and bamboo woven products and so on. Ornamental handicrafts refer to handicrafts mainly used for decoration and appreciation. This kind of handicrafts takes aesthetics as the primary value, and is highly handmade, but its practical value is not obvious or completely disappeared, such as jade, gold and silver jewelry, ivory carving, cloisonne, lacquerware, wall hanging, pottery and so on.
Interior design method
The methods of interior design are mainly analyzed from the way of thinking of designers, mainly including the following points:
1, focusing on the overall situation, starting from the details, thoroughly scrutinizing the whole and details.
Look at the big picture, that is, the first chapter describes several basic points that should be considered in interior design. In this way, the starting point of thinking about problems and starting design is high, and there is a global concept of design. Starting from the details, that is, when designing, we must investigate and collect information according to the nature of indoor use, and master the necessary information and data, starting from the most basic human body size, human flow, scope and characteristics of activities, the size of furniture and equipment, and the necessary space for use.
2, from the inside out, from the outside to the inside, the coordination and unity of the local and the whole.
Architect Ikonikov once said: "Any architectural creation should be the result of the interaction between internal factors and external relations, namely' from the inside out' and' from the outside in'."
The "inside" of the indoor environment, other indoor environments associated with this indoor environment, and even the "outside" of the outdoor environment of the building are closely related to each other, and the design needs to be coordinated repeatedly from the inside out and from the outside in order to be more perfect and reasonable. The indoor environment needs to be in harmony with the nature, standard and style of the whole building, and with the outdoor environment.
3. Whether the intention is to write first or to synchronize the intention, and pay equal attention to the intention and expression.
Intentional pen first is that when you create a painting, you must first have an idea, that is, you must think carefully before you start writing, that is to say, the design concept and ideas are very important. It can be said that design without intention means no "soul", and the difficulty of design often lies in having a good idea. It is good to have a heart in specific design, but a mature idea often needs enough information and time to discuss and think. Therefore, you can also conceive while writing, that is, the so-called pen-heart synchronization. In the early stage of design and the process of making a plan, the ideas and ideas are gradually clear, but the key is to have a good idea.
For interior design, it is also very important to express the conception and intention of interior environment design correctly, completely and expressively, so that builders and auditors can fully understand the design intention through drawings, models and explanations. In the competition of design bidding, the integrity, accuracy and beauty of drawing quality is the first pass, because in design, image is a very important aspect after all, drawing expression is the language of designers, and the connotation and expression of an excellent interior design should also be unified. Inheriting the basic meaning and concept of traditional art, it has the forms and characteristics of traditional art. To create excellent computer art works, we should not only master the basic knowledge and skills of high-tech computers, but also have solid knowledge and skills of traditional art, and need the basic knowledge of color, perspective and anatomy required by traditional painting. This is the basis of computer art creation. The basic law of artistic creation summarized by human beings for thousands of years is still a compulsory course for computer artists, and computer artists cannot do without inheriting and understanding traditional art.
Strictly speaking, computer art is a stunt art creation based on high-tech means, which follows the traditional artistic creation law and has its own unique artistic creation law. Can be widely used in film special effects, animation production, electronic game design, TV program production, advertising design and production, graphic design, publishing and printing and other fields. And it can also be an independent work of art. Its significance lies not only in completely changing the production concept of traditional artists, but also in the immeasurable changes in the creative space of artists. Overnight, people found that they could create all imaginable images in their brains, and computers became a powerful weapon for people to express their creativity. With the help of electronic computers, people can easily reproduce extinct dinosaurs, ancient kings, legendary fairy tale characters, imaginary palaces, aliens, scenes that don't exist in the future, and the true faces of our human bones and muscles. Although we usually don't think that computer is the function of artistic creation when we touch these things, it is an indisputable fact that it is a technology that can reproduce things that don't exist in reality. The application of computer art in the field of TV production is called "TV digital art", that is, the art of using computer art to package TV programs. Now it has become the main form of TV program packaging.
The art of TV program packaging benefits from the development of computer and the birth of computer graphics and image technology.
Early computer programmers cooperated with artists to develop a technology of drawing on computers-computer graphics and image technology, which mainly includes the processes of image input, image creation, image editing, image generation and image output. 1982, Silicon Graphics Inc, SGI company of the United States, was established, and Dr. james clark, the founder, invented the geometric graph generator. 1983 launched the first batch of graphic terminals, and 1984 launched the first batch of graphic workstations.
The digital technology of computer graphics and images has not only caused great changes in film production and post-processing, but also has epoch-making significance: it has produced far-reaching innovative significance and influence in TV program production, advertising, electronic games, cartoon animation, medical care, meteorology, military, industrial product design and development, urban construction and planning, map making, typesetting and printing, criminal case detection and so on. The digital technology of computer graphics and images has been adopted by traditional artists and applied to the creative field of plastic arts, and has been gradually developed and improved. It spread from Canada, America, France and Israel to the whole world, and gradually evolved into a new art independent of traditional art-computer digital art.
Today, SGI has become a global industry leader in high-performance computing, visualization technology and complex data management solutions. We are familiar with Hollywood movies, such as Terminator, Jurassic Park, Star Wars, Titanic, Independence Day and Tornado. They are all made on digital graphics workstations of SGI and other companies. SGI's graphic workstations can be seen in world-famous automobile factories, aircraft factories, TV stations and meteorological stations.
history
In the 1980s, after experiencing the "Eighth Five-Year Art" trend, foreign computer-made works of art began to enter China. In the late 1980s, a few domestic film and television or computer companies began to use 3D animation to make some simple special effects and program titles for film and television works, and gradually expanded to the field of advertising production. As far as the author directly or indirectly experiences and contacts, the early companies mainly engaged in computer animation production are: Shenzhen Dalong Electronics Co., Ltd., Hong Company, Beijing Deyang Computer Animation Company, Computer Animation Company, Paige Film and Television Production Company, Great Wall International Advertising Production Co., Ltd. and so on. The main research and teaching units are: Computer Animation Research Office of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways, Computer Graphics and Images Teaching and Research Office of north china university of technology, Computer Art Studio of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, etc. At this time, it is also the early development period of major international 3D animation software, such as TDI in France, Power Animator and Softimage in Canada, Wavefront and 3DStudio in the United States. It should be said that the development of three-dimensional animation has promoted the development of the whole computer animation industry. Without the pioneering development of early three-dimensional animation, computer images would not be so widely used in all walks of life today. These computer art production softwares have contributed immeasurably to the development and contribution of human history, and they have changed our lives.
As far as the author knows, some works in this period mainly include the logo title of Shenzhen TV Station produced by Shenzhen Dalong Electronics Co., Ltd. for Shenzhen TV Station, which was produced by Ailas company Animator2.0. The title adopts 3D technology to create a traditional dragon image in China. This is one of the earliest three-dimensional animated images of dragon in China. The title of CCTV's TV bookstore is also one of the main works of this period. The title of the film is completely completed by pure 3D animation made by 3DStudio 3.0, and there is no composite picture, which presents a virtual story-telling scene. There are no characters in the scene, but props such as fans and paperweights are used in the air to simulate the story-telling behavior of the characters. This work was made in 1993 and has been played in CCTV TV Bookstore for nearly 10 years. It is also one of the pure 3D animation titles that have been used for the longest time in China TV programs. In the following years, with the pace of reform and opening up, computer art in China entered a period of rapid development. In fact, in the early stage of development, we started at the same time as our foreign counterparts (not software development), not much later than foreign countries. The famous Maya animation software was launched on 1998! There are many reasons for the widening gap between China and foreign countries: poor information, imperfect system, poor communication environment, few employees and limited comprehensive ability of employees are the main reasons. At that time, because they didn't realize the development prospect and huge development potential of computer art, most art colleges and general universities didn't offer computer graphics and image majors or computer art courses, and most general practitioners taught themselves or improved their skills through small-scale training organized by the company. In fact, it is the publishers of computer animation software who really contribute to social needs. In order to sell their software and provide systematic technical training and consultation on production skills for customers who buy them, most of the older generation of 3D animation teachers started out in this way. In this case, many computer training courses have appeared all over the country to solve the urgent need, such as Hope Computer Animation Company and Suo Beier Company. In view of this phenomenon, colleges and universities have also set up computer art courses, and some have also set up specialized computer art courses and computer art departments, such as north china university of technology and Central Academy of Fine Arts.
In the early 1990s, Shenzhen Dalong Electronics Co., Ltd. was one of the earliest companies to introduce CG technology in China. At that time, the equipment used by the company was 4D 30 and 4D 35 workstations of SGI company in the United States, and the microcomputer used a 486IBM personal computer. From 65438 to 0993, the Central Academy of Fine Arts had a computer art studio, which was headed by Mr. Zhang Jun who came back from studying in France. Teach students all over the country to learn 3DStudio 3D animation software. The version at that time was 2.0, and later it was 3.0. After 4.0, it was renamed as well-known 3DStudio MAX.
Since then, the world's top computer animation software has landed in China, such as Alias, TDI, Maya, Softimage and so on.
At present, computer art in China is mainly used in the fields of advertising production and film and television works creation. The proportion of professional artists who actually use computers for artistic creation is not large, and more people with lofty ideals are needed to devote themselves to this new artistic creation in the field of professional artistic creation.
conceptual category
Art is an art form that shapes a visible plane or three-dimensional image with certain materials to reflect the objective world and express feelings about the objective world. Therefore, art is also called "plastic arts" and "space arts".