Language is a social phenomenon. It is a symbol system formed by highly structured sound combination or by writing symbols and gestures, and it is also an act of using this symbol system to communicate ideas. Below I have prepared some knowledge points about language for you. Welcome to reading.
1. Language features:
Language is characterized by creativity, structure, meaning, reference, sociality and individuality.
Language structure: phonemes, morphemes, words and sentences.
Language types: dialogue language, monologue language, written language and internal language.
2. Language representation and processing:
Language representation is the way in which the information carried by language materials exists in the mind. The expression of language is hierarchical.
Language processing is the process of encoding, converting, storing and extracting the input language information. Language processing can be divided into automatic processing and controlled processing, serial processing and parallel processing, modular processing and interactive processing.
3. The physiological mechanism of language:
Pronunciation mechanism of language: respiratory organs, larynx and vocal cords, oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharyngeal cavity.
2. The central mechanism of language activity: Blocker area, Wernicke area and angular gyrus.
(1) Aphasia caused by bullous lesions is usually called motor aphasia or expressive aphasia.
(2) Wernicke's disease can cause receptive aphasia, which is a kind of language agnosia. Cutting or damaging the nerve fiber bundle-the arcuate bundle connecting Wernicke's area and Blocker's area will also produce the same effect.
(3) Corner-return realizes the conversion of spoken and written language. Angular gyrus injury can cause semantic aphasia.
3. The advantages and language activities of language in the two hemispheres of the brain. Studies have confirmed that language activity is mainly the function of the left hemisphere of the brain, but the right hemisphere of the brain also plays an important role in language understanding.
4. Speech perception
1. Physical properties of speech: tone, intensity, length and timbre.
2. Phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit that can distinguish meanings in a language. Phonemes are divided into vowels and consonants. Studying the distinctive features of phonemes is helpful to explain people's perception of speech. Various factors affecting speech perception are: speech similarity, speech intensity, noise masking, context, syntax and semantics.
3. Factors affecting vocabulary understanding: word position information, orthographic rules, letter length or stroke number, font structure, word frequency, phonetic function, contextual function and semantic function.
4. Factors affecting sentence comprehension: sentence pattern, word order, context, syntactic analysis and semantic analysis.
5. Factors that affect text comprehension: inference, context and graphic function.
5. Language production
1, the generation of language means that people speak or write their own thoughts through the activities of language organs or hands, which includes two forms: speaking and writing. The units of language production mainly include phonemes, syllables, morphemes, words, phrases and sentences.
2. Language production can be divided into different stages. Such as: construction stage: determine the ideas to be expressed according to the purpose; Transformation stage: using syntactic rules to transform ideas into language forms; Implementation stage: information in language form is oral or written.
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