First, fraternity
universal love
According to the explanation of Modern Chinese Dictionary edited by the famous linguist Lv Shuxiang,
Fraternity is a great love for all mankind!
Universal love is a special kind of love, because the object of love is all mankind, so it will never be like "love" in degree!
Charity means that people care about and help each other, so the most basic conditions are "equality for all" and "having a warm heart". But the "love" of universal love has a certain limit, because this kind of love can only be a kind of "universal love" because of its wide scope. The simplest definition of fraternity is "to have a warm heart for others and help all those who need care".
Universal love is selfless and broad. You can give this love to your relatives, friends and people you don't know. Even if the enemy who turned against him at ordinary times was killed, he could lend a helping hand!
Love can make people open-minded. Since there is love in the heart, even a grumpy person will become gentle and considerate under the inspiration of love. Fine steel can turn into a soft finger, which shows how powerful love is. However, this love is not indiscriminate. Universal love is love for the benevolent!
Some people say that fraternity is imported and belongs to the western bourgeoisie. In fact, in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, Confucianism had the argument that "the benevolent loves others"; In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu said that "universal love means benevolence". When we use this concept now, we must not only inherit and learn, but also develop and innovate, thus giving it the spirit of the times. Love is based on love, including love for the collective, for the motherland, for the people, for life, for human living environment, for nature, for human labor creation, for the progress of civilization, and for all things that are true, good and beautiful.
From the perspective of human development, the proposal and clarification of the idea of fraternity is the expression of human maturity, the crystallization of human wisdom and the cornerstone of human sustainable development. So it should be the guiding ideology of education, especially basic education.
Universal love means that people should have a broad mind, be able to tolerate the world, especially in the face of growing children and adolescents, and love every student. A lot of history and reality have fully proved that as long as there is a suitable growth environment, every child and teenager can develop healthily.
Friendship is the guarantee of communication and survival between people and the central topic of world peace and development. Therefore, it should be an axiom and a unified belief, which should not only solve the problem of "how to make a living", but also solve the problem of "why live".
Love for the motherland, people, labor, science and socialism are the requirements of the Constitution for citizens, and they are public morality, which every citizen should consciously do. And fraternity is its driving force, which can make everyone have a positive attitude and full enthusiasm for observing public morality. Because fraternity is the philosophy and lofty belief of people's life, and it is the guide of people's thoughts, speeches, work and activities, which can change the "five loves" from conscious behavior into unconscious habits. If "cautious independence" is an important symbol of self-discipline, then fraternity is a lasting force of truth, rationality and morality, and in many cases it is not necessary to restrain a person's freedom.
Charity needs everyone to be clear about their responsibilities and actively participate in this extraordinary struggle-last year's SARS period fully demonstrated the profound connotation and unparalleled power of fraternity.
Love is a kind of respect, which is solemnly stated in the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "We must respect labor, knowledge, talents and creation". Teachers and students should respect each other in education and teaching. First of all, teachers and education administrators should respect the educated. Respect can arouse people's self-esteem, self-respect and introspection. This is the starting point and destination of education, which is not only the source of automaticity and consciousness, but also an important goal of education, so that the educated can be conscious, self-taught and independent. Then the concept of big learning is formed: lifelong learning, autonomous learning, multidimensional learning, collaborative learning and innovative learning. Realize the learning concept of "Reading thousands of books, Walking Wan Li Road, Doing Anything".
Universal love is a kind of tolerance. Many people take "be strict with themselves and be lenient with others" as their motto, because even sages have to be "divided into two". Therefore, we should be tolerant and kind to all students and accept every growing and developing child and teenager. Be good at understanding and understanding students who are at fault or have bad behavior. Therefore, the fault is not entirely caused by the students themselves, but often caused by the growth environment, which can be gradually solved through the change and understanding of the environment. We should pay special attention to the education of children of vulnerable groups, so that children of poor families, floating population and disabled families can receive good education on an equal footing and have an equal starting line for competition. This requirement should run through the whole process of education and teaching.
People often use scientific evaluation to motivate students, which requires a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the evaluation object under the premise of concern. We can find the bright spot of their morality and wisdom, see their positive attitude, tap their potential, give praise and encouragement, find the right time and place, and make evaluation play a positive role, which can play a long-term role. Out of love and responsibility for students, we should use horizontal ratio less, vertical ratio more and encourage more, but at the same time we should use it carefully.
Charity is a practical action and a model behavior of educators. Through the teacher's eyes, expressions, language, tone and actions, it is no exception in class, after class and inside and outside the school. These sincere respects and treasures are not performances or perfunctory, but the natural expression of true feelings. Relying on the fraternity atmosphere adhered to by teachers and educators, we will create a new generation with fraternity spirit.
Fraternity is a kind of value. In the stage of basic education, we should focus on the development of students and stay away from "screening" and "discrimination". Only in a harmonious environment can human potential be released and developed. Create an environment suitable for the healthy growth of every child and teenager, let them communicate with each other, sharpen their strengths, and let students understand that "since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" Build up their confidence and ideals. There is no discrimination or oppression here. Competition is a means to promote progress, not the so-called "survival competition, survival of the fittest".
Love is endurance and perseverance, and the growth of children and adolescents is a process, and it is the accumulation of quantity that may happen repeatedly, so we should persevere and persevere.
Universal love is dedication. It is the content and goal of education to overcome selfishness and small groups, to transcend anthropocentrism, to expand the moral scope to nature, not to overdraw the environment, not to borrow money from future generations, to base on the present and face the future.
In a word, fraternity is a noble love.
Second, the world famous paintings's "love"
Italian Sartor Andre? Del? Sartor (1486- 1530 or 153 1) was the last representative of the Florence School in the heyday of the Renaissance. His original name was Dayaoluo, and he was called "Sartor" because he was born in a famous tailor's family. In his early years, he was sent by his father to a gold and silver jewelry craftsman to learn painting, but because he loved painting, he transferred to Cosimo (1462- 152 1) studio to learn painting. Cosimo was a famous painter at that time and cultivated Bartolomeo, a monk painter who had a great influence on Sartor. Sartor is in the position of Cosimo, deeply influenced by this senior, and at the same time deeply admired Da? Finch and Michelangelo. So his works can be said to have inherited Da? The career of Finch and others has a unique dignified and elegant classical style. 15 17 years, his creation entered a mature period, and the most famous work in this period was The Saints of Abby. 15 18 spring, at the invitation of Wang Lang I, he went to the French court to paint, where he not only created a lot of portraits, but also created this masterpiece called Love. /kloc-returned to his hometown in 0/520 and entered the peak of art, among which the most famous ones are Ascension to Heaven (1530, the Little Palace) and The Last Supper. The previous painting shows the profound foundation and unique charm of Italian classical painting with its superb color levels and shades. Because of the excellent composition, subtle color tone and the novel effect achieved by the contrast between light and dark, the latter painting is considered by critics to be almost as good as what has been achieved. Finch's The Last Supper is comparable.
Sartor's "love" is also translated as "kindness". It depicts a mother and three children, which is the most common life scene in the world in terms of subject matter. Mother is holding two children in her arms, one is nursing, the other is trying to nurse, and the other is kneeling on the ground, bending her arms and looking back at her mother naively. The whole composition is triangular, completely in the traditional classical style, stable and solemn. But the children's postures are different, and the folds are elegant and feminine. But the mother and children in this world picture are also associated with the virgin Mary and angels. Although the mother is not as solemn and holy as the Virgin Mary, since Raphael, the Virgin Mary has been full of human atmosphere. Because of its classical style, this kind of "love" can easily make people feel the religious sentiment contained in secular paintings. However, the success of fraternity is not because of its classical taste, nor because of its similarity? The images in Finch's and Raphael's works lie in their gentle and harmonious colors. The light from the left lit up the front of the mother and child. The painter showed the light-shade transition of characters with nuance, especially on the child's body and mother's clothes pleats, which profoundly showed Sartor's skillful skills. This is an outstanding example of the painter inheriting the Italian classical painting style.