(Development Research Center of China Geological Survey)
This paper makes a follow-up study on the management and service of British geological data, and holds that the management system of British geological data belongs to a typical "decentralized custody and centralized service" system. Great achievements have been made in the construction of geological data center, standardization and informatization of geological data management, and development of service products, which is of reference significance. Combined with the reality of our country, some suggestions are put forward, such as strengthening the regression and management of overseas geological data, speeding up the construction of software and hardware of geological data center, and developing special geological data products around the "strategic action of prospecting breakthrough".
Keywords: British geological data collection and management services
The geological data management system in Britain belongs to the typical "decentralized custody and centralized service" system. In terms of the collection and storage of geological data, Britain has formulated a set of relatively perfect mineral resources planning and management system. Submitting geological data is the legal obligation of geological and mineral prospectors and developers. Geological data must be remitted by the remitter to the competent government department or project funding department at a higher level within a time limit, and be kept by the archives storage institution to which the geological data belongs; Then, according to the degree of data exchange, the higher authorities prepare an annual report and submit it to the minister of state of the corresponding department, who finally submits it to the parliament. In terms of geological data services, British geological data information is mainly provided to the public by the British National Geoscience Data Center and the British Marine Geographic Data Center without harming the interests of remittance obligors. In addition, a small amount of professional geological data are provided by the British National Archives, universities and scientific research institutions for targeted foreign services.
1 British geological data collection and management
The exchange and management of geological data is one of the important responsibilities of the British Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. It is clearly stipulated in the British Mining Act (197 1) that submitting geological data is a legal obligation that mining owners must perform. The content submitted includes not only the final report of the project, but also the annual report during the implementation of the project. The purpose of the exchange is not only the need for the government to supervise and manage mining rights, but also the need for the government to support national decision-making and promote enterprises to invest in mineral resources information analysis.
The remarkable feature of British geological data management is "decentralized storage", and different management departments are responsible for the collection and storage of geological data obtained within their respective jurisdictions. According to the types of geological minerals, the geological data management departments in Britain are mainly divided into the Department of Commerce, Innovation and Skills (formerly the Department of Trade and Industry), the Department of Energy and Climate Change, the Royal Commissioner of Industry, the Coal Administration and the Department of Community and Local Government, which are responsible for collecting and managing energy and mineral resources (except coal, oil and natural gas), coal geological data, oil and natural gas geological data, precious metal minerals and major offshore non-energy geological data, land non-energy mineral geological data and geological survey. The data receiving and storing institutions are mainly the geological data archives under the administrative agencies and the geological data centers under the Natural Environment Research Council [such as the National Geoscience Data Center and the British Ocean Data Center, etc.]. ].
2 British geological data information service
2. 1 service organization
The geological data service in Britain implements "centralized service". The administrative department of Geology and mineral resources shall sort out and process the collected geological data, and provide geological information services for commercial institutions, governments and the public.
2. 1. 1 UK National Geoscience Data Center
The National Geoscience Data Center (NGDC) is one of seven data centers under the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). It consists of paper warehouse, physical warehouse and service department under the British Geological Survey. With the core value of "earth science serves the development of the earth", NGDC is responsible for receiving, storing, data processing and external service of geological data of the British Geological Survey. Through long-term accumulation, the British National Geological Science Data Center has established a complete legal and service policy system for geological data management, and its innovation and service concept are worth learning.
2. 1.2 British marine geographic data center
The British Marine Geographic Data Center is a marine scientific data center designated by the Natural Environment Research Council, which belongs to the National ocean centre (NOC) and is responsible for managing valuable marine data. It is part of the network of international ocean data centers of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. The center has established a relatively perfect management system, such as detailed records of entering and leaving the core library, constant temperature and humidity, stable operation of equipment, etc. Have professional nondestructive testing facilities to carry out core research; Establish and maintain the core database, join the international ocean data sharing plan, uniformly publish all the core catalogues in the collection through the EU- Ocean Europe online core catalogue, and carry out social services.
2. 1.3 British National Archives
The British National Archives was established in 2003 by the British Public Archives and the Royal Historical Manuscripts Committee. It is Britain's national comprehensive archives, which contains nearly 65,438+0,000 years of British historical archives, including public archives and private archives. The shelving length of the archives in the collection exceeds 1.4 million meters, and the storage capacity is 65438+. British archives carry out very strict auditing procedures in terms of external services. First of all, you should get a library card by registering in the library, and at the same time, you should provide valid certificates such as the name and address information of the registrant; Secondly, it takes about half an hour to complete online registration, read the relevant rules and regulations such as information borrowing instructions and answer questions. Photographing is not allowed in the archives, but information printing and copying services are provided to the outside world. If the name and address provided are non-British, that is, if the registrant is a foreigner, the archives may refuse the service on the grounds that there are few translators in the library.
2.2 Service Foundation
Britain has a tradition of secrecy and lags behind other developed countries in the disclosure of government information. However, in the wave of knowledge economy, Britain has also adopted active and steady policies to promote information disclosure. The information disclosure of British geological data follows the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOI) promulgated in 2000 and the Environmental Information Ordinance 2004 (EIR) promulgated in 2004. The above two bills were officially applied to the release of geological information and social services on June 5438+ 10/2005. According to the provisions of the Act, anyone, whether he has British nationality or not, whether he lives in the UK or not, has the right to know about 654.38 million+British public institutions, including central and local government agencies, police, national health care system and educational institutions. The consulted institution must give a reply within 20 working days. However, if the questions raised by the public involve personal and national security, or the information disclosed violates relevant laws or does not conform to public interests or poses a danger to others, or the public can obtain the information through other channels, the relevant departments can refuse to answer according to the Data Protection Law 1998 (DPA) and give a reply within 40 working days. The royal family, national security and intelligence agencies, courts and special courts are not governed by this law.
In terms of copyright, the copyright management of works of the British Geological Survey is based on 1988' s Copyright Design and Patent Law and Digital Data Supply Conditions (2003-2004). The copyright of geological data products of the British Geological Survey belongs to the Natural Environment Research Council, and the intellectual property management office of the Geological Survey issues product use licenses on behalf of the Natural Environment Research Council. In order not to infringe copyright, all matters related to the copyright of a work must be agreed by the copyright owner. In general, users must hold a specific copyright license and pay an appropriate annual fee to copy the relevant works of the British Bureau of Investigation. The licensee who holds the annual (license) certificate has the right to extract the maps and other documents of the British Land Survey and transfer them to a third party according to the regulations, but has no right to regard the works of the British Land Survey as the licensee's own works, nor to publish the works under this illusion.
2.3 service object
2.3. 1 enterprise and individual users
This is a general license. The copyright of maps, publications and other documents of the Geological Survey shall be established by the Natural Environment Research Committee. Without permission, no one may copy or spread it.
Educate users
Educational institutions, including universities, colleges and schools, must first obtain educational copyright licenses from the Land Survey Bureau. All copies: analog, paper, scanned and digital forms must be used only for teaching, such as teaching AIDS, lectures or exams. According to the classification of digital data, the digital data in 2003 ~ 2004 are not allowed to be used for any profit-making behavior and published on the Internet.
2.4 service content
The main services provided by the British Geological Survey include: geological maps, geological books and guides, geochemical, geophysical and hydrogeological data products, mineral publications, educational and leisure products, international products and digital data products. In addition, you can download a large number of products and data for free, mainly including comprehensive reports such as literature reports, water resources data, geoscience software, briefings, newspapers and magazines, and cooperation reports.
2.5 Sales and price mechanism
The online price (including tax, production cost and freight) of information products of the British Geological Survey is mainly determined by the data information center and customer service department according to the needs of market customers (the government does not intervene, but it needs to pay taxes according to law), and the product price is adjusted differently according to the service time and different regions.
2.6 service mode
2.6. 1 traditional services
Mainly refers to offline services, including face-to-face services between service providers and customers, letters, telephones, emails, faxes and other different ways.
network service
In the online service of geological survey data, the British Geological Survey is the most distinctive. Users can enjoy purchasing and consulting services according to their own needs.
3 can learn from experience and suggestions.
3. 1 You can learn from experience.
3. 1. 1 The development and utilization of geological data has become the focus of work.
British geological data service agencies attach great importance to the development and utilization of geological data, and actively develop service products according to users' needs to serve the public life. For example, the British Geological Survey develops products such as real estate environmental assessment and foundation stability analysis for real estate demand to provide services to the public; Actively develop flood management system to serve flood management.
3. 1.2 Strive to promote the standardization of geological data services.
Various geological data storage and service organizations in Britain have formulated relevant standards and processes for geological data description, product development and service, which has promoted the modernization of geological data management. For example, AGS format is a common text file format, which contains all aspects of geotechnical engineering field investigation information, and its purpose is to facilitate the exchange of geotechnical engineering and geological environment information between different units.
3. 1.3 efforts to promote geological information services
British geological data service organization actively adapts to the requirements of information technology development and provides services by using new technologies. For example, all data received in the UK are registered with ORACLE database forms, and the storage locations are recorded and indexed. In order to facilitate the use of data, the British Geological Survey will scan the paper data and compile the obtained map into the information retrieval system. The staff of the British Geological Survey can directly use the retrieved information and data itself to assist the geological interpretation in the national geological mapping project; However, through the information search service and website search of the British Geological Survey, the outside world can only obtain directory information and storage location information of available materials.
3. 1.4 Pay attention to the rights and interests of data producers and adopt incentive mechanism to promote data collection.
Britain strictly defines the system of public documents and the system of confidential documents. The government should actively provide public services to the society in accordance with the requirements of the Freedom of Information Act, but it must not harm the interests of remittance obligors. For the proprietary information of the remitting obligor, it is generally kept confidential during the mining period at the request of the mining right owner, and some countries may appropriately extend the confidentiality time after the termination of the mining right. For example, the Royal Mining Agency's management of gold mine information can usually be extended for four years if the enterprise considers it necessary after the license is terminated. The British Geological Science Data Center stipulates that any external organization that provides valuable information to the British Geological Survey and promotes the research activities and data development of the British Geological Survey will be exempted from future data retrieval fees as a return for providing information; But this kind of "free" does not apply to some special services, including the compilation of special geological reports and the interpretation and analysis of value-added data. In terms of copyright, the British Geological Survey stated that the copyright of all materials remains unchanged and still belongs to the information provider or authorized party, and the copyright of copying and scanning materials belongs to the British Geological Survey and the information provider. When trade secrets are involved, external third-party organizations need to obtain explicit permission from the data provider to obtain scanned images of the data.
3. 1.5 The construction of data center has realized the combination of entity and virtual.
All data centers in Britain have physical buildings, data and personnel, and even services can be scattered in many places, but the standards of data management and services are unified, and a unified portal publishes data information. For example, the British Geoscience Data Center has established a unified retrieval and service database, updated the data in time, unified external services through the portal http://www.bgs.ac.uk, and developed an online geographic information system GIS tool to provide users with convenient retrieval services. However, there are hundreds of servers distributed in different locations to store and process data.
3.2 Suggestions
3.2. 1 Strengthen the management and regression of overseas geological data.
First, carry out the management of overseas geological data exchange formed by state investment;
The second is to collect and sort out the geological data related to China that are kept abroad but not in China collection institutions, so as to safeguard national sovereignty;
The third is to strengthen international exchanges and carry out geological data exchange and management service exchange activities.
3.2.2 Carry out the construction of national geological data center.
It is necessary to promote the digitalization of geological data, informatization of management, modernization of storage and networking of services, form a nationwide geological data management cluster system, and promote the clustering industrialization of geological data information services.
3.2.3 Carry out thematic development of geological data products.
At present, it is necessary to start the special service of "strategic action of prospecting breakthrough". In conjunction with 3 1 provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) geological archives and geological archives of PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, nuclear industry, nonferrous metals, metallurgy and gold, we will develop geological information service products such as catalogues, comprehensive geological and mineral research, and basic geological and mineral data packets, and carry out special services for "strategic action of prospecting breakthrough".