Ordinary meaning
[2] Remarks: Bold examples are examples in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.
pronoun
[3] 1. Explain auxiliary words in modern Chinese 1:① People who are close to the front have good skills. -"A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" (2) Who is king for this? -"The Hongmen Banquet" (3) was left unattended after that. -"Peach Blossom Spring" 4 Those who look at it are deep and beautiful. -"The Drunken Pavilion" (5) If there is a complicated statement about being a hostage, the old woman will definitely spit it out! -"touching the dragon and telling the queen of Zhao" 2. Used after nouns, it is equivalent to ". . This man "Example: ① There is a 90-year-old fool in Beishan who lives near the mountain. -"One Mountain in Gong Yu" 2 There are celebrities in the city who do business with boys. -Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio 3. Used after the time word, it means ". . Ex.: ① In ancient times, the world was public and the monarch was a guest. -"Interview with Ming Yi" (2) Today's Xiangzhuang sword dance, its meaning is often repeated in Pei Gong. -"The Hongmen Banquet" 4. Put it after the number. What's the difference between them? -"Yueyang Tower" (2) These people are also suffering from war.
auxiliary word
1. is used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate pause and prompt the following. Exodus: ① If I go to my relatives and serve you, I will admire your lofty righteousness. -"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" (2) Dare to reply to Cao Cao's generals, the same as this case! -"Purple Tongzhi Sword" Volume II. Put it at the end of the question to express doubt. Example: Which one? There is a difference between up and down. 3. Use the word "if" to form a phrase, or use it alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to ". . The appearance of "," . Like it. " Exodus: ① But when you read it, you will find it no different. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Qian Donkey (2) If you say it, you will be embarrassed. -Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. 4. Put it after the subject, which leads to judgment. Constitute a "person". And "structure". Ex.: Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng. -"Historical Records Chen She Family"
Unusual/uncertain meaning
1. (I'm not sure, although this meaning has been translated in many versions, it can't be found in ancient Chinese dictionaries, and it may have the same meaning as 1 in the auxiliary word) after the subject, which leads to the reason. However, exercise will definitely overcome difficulties. The weak are the strong, not only because of the weather, but also because of repression. (2) and anling to five miles, ACTS and Mr Also. The beauty of my wife is personal. (4) The crab kneels six times and pinches twice, which is not the den of snakes and scorpions. Those who have nothing to trust are impatient. (uncertain) auxiliary words, put in hypothetical complex sentences, indicate hypothesis, which is equivalent to "if". . " 、"。 . Words. "Example: (1) If you enter, you can't be a doctor in China. If you leave, you can't beat foreign patients, and the country will die forever. (2) Those who try their best but can't come can have no regrets. If you don't, if you belong to it, you will be captured. 3. (Uncertainty) is placed at the end of the statement, indicating the end of the statement. Ex.: ① Send it to the mouth of the lake, because you can see the so-called stone clock. (2) When the first minister explained the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. 4. (Extraordinary significance) Pass Ye:-Eight Classics of Han Feizi: "Nothing is important ... and officials are selfless." [4] "Shuo Wen Jacky": "Lu has no gentleman, why take it? "Both are interpreted as" zhe ",but" zhe "and" ye "in ancient books can be used interchangeably.
2. What does this mean in classical Chinese? Auxiliary word 1.
Used after adjectives, verbs, adjective phrases and verb phrases to indicate people or things with this nature or doing this kind of action. Example: Lao ~ and Du ~ 2.
Used after such-and-such work and such-and-such doctrine, it means a person who is engaged in some kind of work or believes in some kind of doctrine. Examples: literary and artistic works ~, * * * materialism ~ 3.
(written language) used after numerals or locative words to refer to the above things. Example: 2 ~ must be one of 4.
(written language) used after words, phrases and clauses to indicate a pause. 5。
Used at the end of a sentence to express hope or command (more common in early vernacular). Example: Be careful on the road ~ pronoun demonstrative pronoun, "this" (more common in early vernacular).
Example: Fan and Bian are commonly used. Remarks: Black style is the pronoun 1 in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. Explain the auxiliary word1in modern Chinese: ① People who are close to the front have good skills.
-"A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" (2) Who is king for this? -"The Hongmen Banquet" (3) was left unattended after that. -"Peach Blossom Spring" 4 Those who look at it are deep and beautiful.
-"The Drunken Pavilion" (5) If there is a complicated statement about being a hostage, the old woman will definitely spit it out! -"touching the dragon and telling the queen of Zhao" 2. Used after nouns, it is equivalent to ".
Example: ① There is a 90-year-old Yugong in Beishan, who lives near the mountain. -"One Mountain in Gong Yu" 2 There are celebrities in the city who do business with boys.
-Qing Pu Songling's "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio" promotes weaving (3) Taking Jun as the elder-"Tang Ju does not live up to his mission" (3). Used after the time word, it means ".
Ex.: ① In ancient times, the world was public and the monarch was a guest. -"Interview with Ming Yi" (2) Today's Xiangzhuang sword dance, its meaning is often repeated in Pei Gong.
-"The Hongmen Banquet" 4. After counting words, it refers to several people or things above.
What's the difference between them? -"Yueyang Tower" (2) These people are also suffering from war. 5。
..... The reasons are as follows: (1) However, exercise will definitely overcome difficulties. The weak are the strong, not only because of the weather, but also because of repression.
(2) five miles in the same place as Anling, and six miles in the same place as Mr. Sentences such as: Zhu Gekongming, Wolong also.
The auxiliary word 1 is used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate a pause to prompt the following.
Exodus: ① If I go to my relatives and serve you, I will admire your lofty righteousness. -"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" (2) Dare to reply to Cao Cao's generals, the same as this case! -"Purple Tongzhi Sword" Volume II.
Put it at the end of the question to express doubt. Example: Which one? There is a difference between up and down.
3。 When combined with words such as "if", it forms a phrase, or it is used alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to ".
The appearance of "," Like it. "
Exodus: ① But when you read it, you will find it no different. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Qian Donkey (2) If you say it, you will be embarrassed.
-Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, promoting weaving' 4. Put it after the subject, which leads to judgment.
Constitute a "person".
And "structure".
Ex.: Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng. -"Historical Records of Chen She Family" is uncommon/uncertain 1.
(uncertain) auxiliary words, placed in hypothetical complex sentences, indicate hypothesis and are equivalent to "if". 、"。
Words. "Example: (1) If you enter, you can't be a doctor in China. If you leave, you can't beat foreign patients, and the country will die forever.
(2) Those who try their best but can't come can have no regrets. If you don't, if you belong to it, you will be captured.
2。 (uncertain) placed at the end of the statement, indicating the end of the statement.
Ex.: ① Send it to the mouth of the lake, because you can see the so-called stone clock. (2) When the first minister explained the cow, he saw nothing but the cow.
3。 (Extraordinary significance) Cecilia Yip:-"Eight Classics of Han Feizi": "insignificant ... and officials are selfless."
"Say Yi Li": "There is no gentleman in Lu, and the words are taken from Si." They are all interpreted as "zhe", but "zhe" and "ye" in ancient books can be used interchangeably.
3. What is this auxiliary word in classical Chinese?
1. is used after adjectives, verbs, adjective phrases and verb phrases to indicate people or things with this property or doing this action.
Example: strong ~, old ~, reading ~
2. Used after such-and-such work and such-and-such doctrine, it means a person who is engaged in a certain job or believes in a certain doctrine.
Example: literary and artistic works ~, * * * materialism ~
(written language) used after numerals or locative words to refer to the above things.
Example: The first ~ and the second ~ must be one of them.
4. (Written language) Used after words, phrases and clauses to indicate pause.
5. Tone used at the end of a sentence to express hope or command (more common in early vernacular).
Example: Be careful on the road ~
pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun, "this" (more common in early vernacular).
Example: ~ fan, ~ edge
Ordinary meaning
Remarks: Bold examples are examples in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.
pronoun
1. Explanatory auxiliary words in modern Chinese 1
Exodus: ① Those close to the frontier have good technology. An old frontiersman loses his horse—a blessing in disguise
(2) Who is the king of this plan? -"The Hongmen Banquet"
(3) and then not interested. -"Peach Blossom Spring"
(4) look at the beauty and depth, and it is also beautiful. -"drunken pavilion"
⑤ If there are complicated words that are often taken hostage, the old woman will spit in her face! -"Touching the dragon and telling the Queen of Zhao"
Used after nouns, it is equivalent to ". . People "
Example: ① A 90-year-old Yugong in Beishan lives near the mountain. -"Yu Gong Yi Shan"
There are celebrities in the city, fuck that boy. -Qing Pu Songling's "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"
(3) Taking the monarch as the long term-the Tang drama does not live up to its mission.
Used after the time word, it means ". . When "
Exodus: (1) In ancient times, the world was public and the monarch was a guest. -"Iraq will be interviewed"
(2) xiangzhuang sword dance today, its meaning is often repeated. -"The Hongmen Banquet"
4. After counting words, it refers to several people or things mentioned above.
What's the difference between them? -"Yueyang Tower"
(2) The number of soldiers is also.
5。 reason for ...
For example, (1) naturally, exercise can overcome salt, and the weak is strong, not only because of the weather, but also because of the suppression of others.
(2) and anling to five miles, ACTS and Mr Also.
6. Statement of judgment
Such as Zhu Gekongming and Wolong.
auxiliary word
1. is used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate pause and prompt the following.
Exodus: ① If I go to my relatives and serve you, I will admire your lofty righteousness. -Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru
(2) Take the example of generals and officials who dare to return to meet Cao! -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"
2. Put it at the end of the question to express doubt.
Example: Which one? There is a difference between up and down.
3. Use the word "if" to form a phrase, or use it alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to ". . The appearance of "," . Like it. "
Exodus: ① But when you read it, you will find it no different. -Tang Liu Zongyuan's Donkey in Guizhou
(2) In a word, if you look sad. -Qing Pu Songling's "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"
4. Put it after the subject, which leads to judgment. Constitute a "person". And "structure".
Ex.: Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng. -"Historical Records Chen She Family"
Unusual/uncertain meaning
1. (uncertain) auxiliary word, placed in hypothetical complex sentence, indicates hypothesis, which is equivalent to "if". . " 、"。 . Words. "
For example: ① If you enter, you can't be a doctor in China; if you leave, you can't beat foreign patients, and the country will perish forever.
(2) Those who try their best but can't come can have no regrets.
If you don't, if you belong to it, you will be captured.
2. (Uncertainty) is placed at the end of the statement, indicating the end of the statement.
Ex.: ① Send it to the mouth of the lake, because you can see the so-called stone clock.
(2) When the first minister explained the cow, he saw nothing but the cow.
3. (Extraordinary significance) Pass Ye:-Eight Classics of Han Feizi: "Nothing is important ... and officials are selfless." "Say Yi Li": "There is no gentleman in Lu, and the words are taken from Si." They are all interpreted as "zhe", but "zhe" and "ye" in ancient books can be used interchangeably.
4. What does "Quyi Stone Man" mean in classical Chinese? It says: "Every Quyi person's achievements are discounted".
This means that Ji Xu often flatters the two people against his will, but Ji Xu has not slightly lowered his quality.
quyi
1, flatter others by compromising your own will.
"The Biography of Duan Qirui in the Later Han Dynasty": "Qing Qu is a eunuch, so it is necessary to protect his wealth." Su Songzhe's Biography of Welcome: "When Lu Weizhong and Liu Xin were around, they were slightly straight and interested in old and old things, and all major events were decided by Zhong Wei." The seventh and ninth chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions: "Jingui knows that he can't commit crimes, so he wants to find a gap, so he has no chance to take advantage of it and has to give up." Mao Dun's Wild Rose: "She can only be good friends with Qionghua."
2. enjoy it; Do your best.
Song Zhao Wei Yan's "Clouds Full of Foothills" Volume 10: "Gaishun's parents are stubborn and his brothers are arrogant, but he can be filial and obedient, and he will certainly please them inside, and he will not commit hometown songs outside." Zhang Mingju is "With the Governor of Hebei and Liao": "Today, the northwest generals are like Ma Zhao's generation, and the servants also care about them." Liu Wen Shuo: "And delivery is commensurate with description, which means description. It is a word that is not a thing, and its loss is also false. "
3. the intention of twists and turns.
Xie's preface to Wen Xin Diao Long in the Southern Dynasties: "The sound source can be dense, which seems to be far away, and the number of words is endless."
5. What does "pawnbroker" mean in ancient Chinese? Pawnshops are taxpayers as stipulated in the Provisional Regulations on Deed Tax.
Bonis are also called pawnbrokers. Units or individuals that undertake other people's goods or real estate, pay the standard price of the goods or real estate in one lump sum, and occupy the right to use and benefit from other people's goods or real estate. During the pawn period, the mortgagee not only enjoys the right to use the goods or houses, but also enjoys the right to transfer and lease them, and is responsible for the maintenance of the houses. After the password expires, the pawnshop shall return the password or all the houses, and redeem the goods or houses at the password price. When issuing property rights, the mortgagee is the payer of property tax.
The pawnbroker's rights: the pawnbroker's possession, use and income; Dispose of pawns according to law, that is, transfer pawns, transfer pawns, and lease pawns; When a pawnshop sells pawned goods, it has the preemptive right under the same conditions; Rebuilding or repairing monuments; If a pawnshop pays the benefit fee for the pawnbroker, it shall require the pawnbroker to repay it within the existing interest at the time of redemption.
The obligations of the pawnbroker: keeping the pawnbroker; Share the risk of all or part of the loss of pawn property due to force majeure during the duration of pawn right; When the pawnshop redeems, it shall restore the original state of the pawnshop as much as possible and return it to the pawnshop.
6. What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.
The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
writings in the vernacular
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
Of course, the ancients in other countries also left a lot of classical Chinese.
What is classical Chinese? What does classical Chinese mean?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is just a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
Let's take a look again. Classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life. Only in the form of language, even people have left the oral language, and after it has become a text, there are obviously certain normative requirements for the elaboration of skills and the expansion of ideographic expression. Its "future" lies in its application and its ability to awaken vague etymologies and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.