? Wu, a native of Jingyuan, Gansu Province, graduated from the Fine Arts Department of Lanzhou Institute of Education and studied under Mr. Fan, a famous painter in China. Executive director of Gansu Zhouyi Association, who has in-depth research on Zhouyi culture. He is currently the president of German Society in Yi Ming, China and the chairman of Beijing Yimingde Consulting Co., Ltd.
? Harmony is the core idea of Zhouyi. "Biography of Gangua" said, "The change of the avenue is a positive life and should be harmonious with people." Taihe is the highest harmony, including the harmony between heaven and earth, the harmony between society and personnel. Protecting Taihe means maintaining it for a long time through people's subjective efforts. The good state of yin-yang balance achieved by protecting harmony is called neutralization. We can see that the three halls of the Forbidden City-Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe-are all based on the classic expressions of divination, which embodies the core idea of Zhouyi.
Zhouyi is a work of annoyance.
Since the Book of Changes put forward this realm of Taihe, it has been the ideal pursued by famous thinkers and politicians in feudal society for many years. The so-called governance of feudal society is to achieve the realm of harmony to a certain extent. On the contrary, if the harmonious state is destroyed, it will become troubled times.
A history of twenty-four, with many troubled times and few governing countries, people often experienced most upheavals and conflicts against their will, rather than an ideal state of harmony. Even so, people have not given up their ideals, and always yearn for peace and prosperity, hoping to live a harmonious and stable life. Historical thinkers and politicians, with a sense of urgency, explored the transition from chaos to rule, overcame the deviation between reality and ideal, and pushed the feudal society in China to make tortuous progress in the cycle of "one rule and one chaos". The earliest source of what we often say now is the Book of Changes. Cohesion said, "The prosperity of Yi was in the Middle Ages! Those who make "easy" are worried! " In other words, people who write the Book of Changes have a strong sense of hardship. Faced with the dilemma of contradiction, conflict and disorder at that time, they set things right and turned the corner. Therefore, the Book of Changes can be said to be a book of worries. On the one hand, we should strive for the realm of Taihe as an idea, observe and evaluate the reality according to the ideal, on the other hand, we should make a sober and rational analysis of the realistic predicament and find out the concrete methods to get rid of it with a worrying attitude.
? Zhang Zai is a famous master of Yi Studies in the Northern Song Dynasty. He wrote an article called "Taihe Pian", which summed up the idea of Taihe in Zhouyi into four sentences. These four sentences are: "It's right to have an elephant; if it's right, it's wrong; if it's wrong, it's the enemy. The enemy will reconcile. " In the first sentence, everything in the world is composed of contradictions and opposites. Where there is yin, there is yang, where there is softness, there is rigidity, where there is land, where there is man, there is woman. This is "one image is right"; The second sentence is that all relative things must be expressed in the opposite way; The third sentence is that since the behavior is antagonistic, it will inevitably lead to friction, conflict and hostility, which will lead to stalemate and mutual hatred. These three sentences are all facts in reality, and we all have personal feelings in our daily life.
The solution of Taihe thought in Zhouyi is different from that of Legalists, who advocate "taking revenge as peace". Therefore, among the four sentences, there is not much innovation in the first three sentences, and the most important one is the fourth sentence. We must find an effective way to make the two sides of the contradiction complement each other, coordinate and cooperate with each other and tend to reconciliation. However, in order to achieve the goal of "reconciliation with enemies", we must also find an effective method. According to the first three sentences, we make a rational analysis of objective contradictions and formulate practical solutions. From this perspective, these four sentences mentioned by Zhang Zai are a complete whole and cannot be separated. The first three sentences are about reality, and the fourth sentence is about ideals. Don't be divorced from reality, and do everything possible to make reality conform to ideals. This is Zhang Zai's complete understanding of Taihe thought.
Adversity can change?
? In the Book of Changes, * * * has sixty-four hexagrams, one of which is pure Yang, the other is pure Yin, and the other sixty-two hexagrams are all composed of different permutations of Yin and Yang. Some form an optimized combination, which is called auspicious divination, and some are improperly configured, hostile to each other, or yin flourishes while yang declines, which destroys the balance and is called evil divination. Because yin and yang are always changing, it is a dynamic process. Auspicious can become fierce, and fierce can also become auspicious, which is very complicated. The Book of Changes believes that the Book of Changes and heaven and earth are accurate, so it can help us understand the way of heaven and earth. The digital symbols of the sixty-four hexagrams and the structure of divination are a cosmic schema, which is the same as heaven and earth and contains all the truth between heaven and earth. These principles can be clearly used. They can not only tell us how to know the world, but also tell us how to change it.
? During the Wanli period, Zhang, who was the first official of the cabinet, vigorously promoted the reform, and his government affairs and work were busy, and the situation was not smooth. Just like the situation of the hexagrams in Zhouyi, he told his own experience when he interpreted the hexagrams. He said, "The so-called sleepy people in Zhouyi can not be sleepy, but can cover their ears without losing their comfort." Sleepy is poor, prosperous is prosperous. When people encounter difficulties, they can't wait for death passively. Instead, we should be "sleepy without losing our comfort", formulate reasonable countermeasures and take correct actions, so as to turn our difficulties into pride.
There are many auspicious and ominous hexagrams in the Book of Changes. The purpose of auspicious hexagrams is to teach people not to get carried away and take things lightly, to be vigilant, to be alert to fear, to be prepared for danger in times of peace, to be cautious and to prevent the situation from developing in the opposite direction. The purpose of evil divination is to inspire people's confidence and courage. Although difficulties exist, they are not insurmountable. We should keep an optimistic belief and treat it calmly, just as Kun Bu said, "Being idle without losing pleasure is a gentleman." In real life, people sometimes encounter prosperity and sometimes encounter adversity. If we take appropriate countermeasures according to the change of this situation and reasonably handle the relationship between objective situation and subject behavior, this is a kind of wisdom. ?
? We can take the hexagrams in Zhouyi as an example to illustrate this truth. Mass divination is formed by the overlapping of divination and mass divination. The shape of the hexagram is: the upper hexagram is separation, the lower hexagram is exchange, separation is fire, and exchange is ze. This is not an optimal combination, but intense divination. Because "the fire moves upward, while the ze moves downward", the moving directions of deviating hexagrams and opposing hexagrams are completely opposite, and they run counter to each other, forming difference, deviation and opposition, which is the so-called public classics. In the face of this unfavorable situation, is there any possibility to resolve it? The Book of Changes tells us that "anger leads to embarrassment, and a gentleman is harmonious but different": "Harmony without difference" means "seeking common ground while reserving differences". On the one hand, seeking common ground in differences, on the other hand, reserving differences in similarities, so that the similarities and differences of things complement each other and maintain a dynamic balance. The ancients called this method of solving contradictions "the way to meet people." On the premise of respecting differences, we can get the understanding of * *, which can prevent contradictions from intensifying into antagonistic conflicts and undermine the overall situation of harmony and stability, so it is a very clever decision-making thought. ?
? Can reform strengthen the country?
? If contradictions intensify into antagonistic conflicts, it is difficult to seek common ground while reserving differences. In this case, Zhouyi advocates taking drastic measures to reform. In the Book of Changes, this truth has a special explanation. The Book of Changes is also formed by changing one's mind and deviating from it. The shape of hexagrams is that this combination is just the opposite of changing one's mind. If you change your mind above, you will leave a hexagram below, and change water to keep fire. The water is above, trying to put out the fire, and the fire is below, trying to boil the water dry. They are incompatible with each other, fighting with each other, having fierce conflicts and hurting each other. The contradiction between opposites has developed to irreconcilable levels. Faced with this institutional contradiction, Zhouyi holds that "if you make changes, you will regret it." Only by carrying out appropriate reforms and rebuilding a new balance can the problem be fundamentally solved. The Book of Changes raised the legitimacy of this reform to the height of philosophy to demonstrate that "heaven and earth change at four times, and the changes in the Tang and Five Dynasties are of great significance at the time of change." As far as the operation of Heaven is concerned, the four seasons are constantly changing, and the Tang-Wu Revolution in human society is just and reasonable, which varies from person to person. Therefore, although. ?
The harmonious thought of Zhouyi emphasizes "harmony but difference", but never opposes reform. Instead, he enthusiastically praised "the great justice in reform" and thought that the great justice in reform was great and should be carefully understood. The change of hexagrams focuses on reforming the old order, and the innovation of hexagrams focuses on the order. Therefore, after the change of hexagrams, hexagrams constitute two successive links in the development of things, which are collectively called "getting rid of the old and innovating". This idiom is often used today, and this is the spirit of the Chinese nation. Zhouyi has repeatedly emphasized "keeping pace with the times". Today we translate this word into vernacular, which is called "keeping pace with the times". It can be seen that although the philosophy of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi was formed as early as the pre-Qin period, with the development of the times, "keeping pace with the times" is not a closed and conservative system. At every stage of development, new content has been added and more truth particles have been condensed. As a red line, it always runs through the core idea of each development stage, that is, the classic saying in Gangua, "The road changes, each to its own, each to its own protection." ? Today, this harmonious thought has been creatively transformed to meet the needs of reform and opening up, adding more new and modern contents. A complete statement is that it includes democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature. We are building a harmonious society in China and a harmonious world in the world. In order to complete this historical mission and embark on the road of strengthening the country, it is very necessary to study the Book of Changes. ?
Today, this harmonious thought has been creatively transformed to meet the needs of reform and opening up, and the content of renewal and modernization has been added. The complete expression is democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, vitality, peace and order, and harmony between man and nature.
? Wu China, Dean of German Institute (preface to Wu Yijing).