What is Liu Xiang's main contribution to China culture?

Shuo Yuan was written by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty, with a total of 20 volumes. The content covers a wide range, has many meanings, is concise, rich in content and far-reaching in meaning. I want to record his beautiful sentences in English and Chinese. I hope everyone will like it, and I hope that studying in Germany can encourage each other. (Article 1) ◎ If the way of marriage is abolished, the ways of men and women will be opposite and the road of adultery will flourish. -selected from "Politics" 48 ◎ The land is vast and sparsely populated. People will level it; If wealth is gathered and not dispersed, people will fight for it. —— Selected from Zheng Li 37. Although good words are good, bad words are unreasonable; If you don't speak well, then kindness has no reason to enter. -selected from "Political Theory 35", the holy king Bude gave benefits and did not ask for the people; Look at the suburbs, don't want to report ghosts and gods. —— Selected from Guide 3 ◎ Where there is a virtue, there must be a positive report; If there is stealth, there must be a name. -selected from guide 3 ◎ people are not close, and five products are not as good as five. Contract teaching is based on the meaning of monarch and minister, the love between father and son, the discrimination between husband and wife, and the order of generations. -From Guide 3 ◎ A gentleman is knowledgeable and suffers from his unfamiliarity; The ambition of Xi, suffering from it can not be done; If you can do it, you must not let it go. —— Those who cultivate themselves from Tan Cong 80 are also the home of wisdom; Love the giver, the end of benevolence is also; Take it, the symbol of righteousness; Be brave after knowing shame; Those who are famous do very well. —— Selected from "Talking about Cong 71",the branches do not forget the roots, and the virtues do not forget the rewards. When they see the advantages, they will think of the disadvantages. Therefore, it is auspicious for a gentleman to keep his heart in the third place, and it is for future generations. -selected from "Tan Cong 75", there is no beautiful wood on the top of the mountain, which hurts the sun; There is no beautiful grass under the big tree, but it hurts in the shade. -selected from "Talking about Cong 69", blessings are born in small, disasters are born in sudden, and fear day and night, lest they die. -Tao selected from Tan Cong 32 can be transformed from excellent travel, and virtue can be proud from simplicity. -selected from "Tan Cong 34" on the goodness of people, Ze is in the cream; It is said that human evil hurts spears and halberds. -selected from "Talking about Series 34", it will end well; If you don't release ugliness, it will be evil in the end. -selected from "Talking about Cong 34", respect and admiration can summon up courage; Forgiveness is right and can accommodate many people; Be respectful and clean, and you can kiss. -selected from "Politics 29"; Nothing, it's troublesome. —— From Jing Shen 24, those who can swallow their voices are safe, and those who can swallow their voices are saved. -selected from "Talking about Cong 33" is rich in contentment and more expensive than seeking retreat. -Selected from Tan Cong 33: Sages guide their eyes and ears with their hearts, while villains guide their eyes and ears with their hearts. -selected from "Talking about Cong 41"If you are a master, you will suffer from the unknown; A servant suffers from infidelity. -selected from "Talking about Cong 42" ◎ know life doesn't complain about heaven, and his bosom friend doesn't complain about others. -selected from "Talking about Cong 46" A gentleman has a lifelong worry without suffering from it once, and he will muddle through. Theoretically, it is easier to be happy than angry. -The gentleman's learning from Tan Cong 65 is also in the ear, hidden in the heart, and set an example. -selected from "Talking about Cong 62", the gentleman is not ashamed to ask questions. —— Selected from Tan Cong 8 1, Yuan Cui Ying (below) ◎ The husband's water enters the sea from the mountain, and the crops are born in the fields and hidden in the mountains. The saints know their existence by seeing their birth. -selected from "Talking about Series 6", if you seek first, you will prosper. If you seek first, you will die. -selected from "Talking about Cong 22" and asking for it from others without being solid, it is called losing love; It is a great waste to treat the problem from within and repair it from outside. From Tan Cong12, there is no detail and no big complaint. How much must be reported before the situation will be consolidated. -selected from "Talking about Cong 48", the mouth is closed, the tongue is also machine, and the words are improper, and the four horses cannot chase. -selected from "Talking about Cong 54", the husband's words and deeds are the cardinal of the gentleman. Cardinal's hair is the foundation of honor and disgrace. Can be sloppy! -selected from "Talking about the May 4th Movement" ◎ Everything has its own life and everything has its own place. Where the Tao is, the world belongs to it; Where there is virtue, the world is expensive; Benevolent, the world loves it; Where there is justice, the world is afraid of it. —— Selected from Tan Cong18. He never tires of learning, so he is also autonomous; I never tire of teaching, so I treat people well. -It's good to say that people are evil, and people are evil, selected from "Tan Cong17"; People who hate others are also hated. Have plenty of food and clothing, know the honor and disgrace; Cang Shili knows manners. Rivers flooded, but three days; It's stormy, and it's over in a flash. -selected from "Talking about Cluster 31",overcome poverty with strength, overcome disasters with caution, and avoid disasters. -selected from "Talking about Cong 29", good returns good, and evil returns disaster. -selected from "Talking about Cong 29" ◎ A gentleman gets time like water, and a villain gets time like fire. -selected from "Talking about Twenty-nine Congs" ◎ The rich will be poor, and the strong will be old; Although you are young, you must worry about it as soon as possible. -selected from "Talking about Cong 30" ◎ The knower begins with enlightenment and ends with harmony; A fool begins with happiness and ends with sadness. -Selected from "Talking about Cong 30" When the mountain arrived, the scenery stopped. Although strength can't do it, it must be done in the heart. -selected from "Talking about Cong 30", be cautious and always take warning. Tremble, be careful every day. -selected from "Talking about Cong 30", the two heights are not heavy, the two are not allowed, the two potentials are different, and the two are not expensive. Husband pays equal attention to the same pair, and strives for its merits. Therefore, a gentleman is lewd and keeps his feet, so that he can last for a long time. -selected from "Tan Cong 76" said Yuan Cui Ying (below) ◎ The inch is measured, and the height will be poor; Call it baht, and the stone is open. Stones are measured and small in diameter; Jane counted the meters, but she didn't notice. Therefore, it is easy to be wise with great wisdom, but difficult to argue with wisdom. -selected from "Talking about Cong 78", the way of heaven and earth, extreme is opposite, full is lost. The five colors are dazzling and sometimes embarrassing; Mao Mu is rich in grass, and sometimes it rains. Things have ups and downs, and they are calm. —— A sentence from "Talking about Cong 82" is just right, but it can defeat the enemy; A word can protect the country. -Selected from Tan Cong 58 Zeng Zi said, "What is Jane?" Zhuang doesn't even kiss. Therefore, a gentleman is enough to make love, and Zhuang is enough to become a gift. ◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎967 Dress appropriately, go on a diet to lose weight, and don't listen to your mouth. -selected from "Talking about Cluster 50", good words don't reach the body, and bad words don't reach people. -selected from "Talking about Cong 46", wealth is not as good as righteousness, and potential is not as good as morality. -selected from "Talking about Cong 44", the gentleman is virtuous to the whole body, and the villain is greedy to death. -selected from "Talking about Cong 45", if you have no desire, you will be rigid, and if you have no desire, you will be simple. -selected from "Talking about Cong 46", those who benefit from it suffer more, and those who speak lightly believe less. -selected from "Talking about Cong 43", those who are humble and upright can increase, and those who are high and refined will collapse. -selected from "Talking about Cong 40", rivers collapse in ant nests and landslides in small cockroaches. -selected from "Talking about Cong 40", the disaster does not come from the ground, the disaster does not come from the sky, and the disaster comes from itself. -selected from "Talking about Cong 37", friendship is not known until you die. Poverty and wealth are a state of knowing each other. One is expensive and the other is cheap, and friendship can be seen. As soon as it floats away, friendship comes out. -selected from "Talking about Cong 35", the defeated soldier is not brave, and the minister of national subjugation is not wise. -selected from "Talking about Cong 35", worry before happiness, worry before happiness. -The mirror selected from "Tan Cong 33" is therefore based on shape and can be known from the past. -selected from "Zunxian" 5 ◎ Spring and Autumn Period: "All four people are Wang Daoxing, and the people are at peace. The so-called four people are scholars, farmers and businessmen. -selected from the "Zheng Li 47" Tibetan good, that is, cover the sages; Those who preach the evil of others are called villains. Those who speak well of others get nothing but death and injury; People who speak ill of others will only get hurt. Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious. -From "Thirty Political Articles", it is better to look at what you have heard; Seeing is better than practicing; It is better to distinguish by hand than by practice. -From "Zheng Li XXIII", Yuan Cui Ying (Part IV) ◎ Lutz will go and say, "Give you a car?" In words? Lutz said, "please go ahead. Zhong Ni said, "If you are not strong and far away, you will be disloyal, disloyal and disrespectful. If you are careful with these five things, you can persist for a long time. " -"Shuo Yuan Miscellaneous Words" 34◎ If you don't say it, you can avoid it; Don't do what you don't do and avoid its danger; Don't take it, don't take it, to avoid its paradox; If you don't argue, don't argue, lest it sound. Wise men see it in the dark and look for it in unformed things; Wise men listen to silence; Those who are worried about it should quit before they succeed. The world is muddy, am I alone? #9 1; Everyone was drunk and I woke up alone. -"Talking about the Garden" 39◎ Yan Hui will travel to the west and ask Confucius: "Why is it a body? Confucius said, "Courtesy, respect, loyalty and faith can be the body. Etiquette does not conform to the crowd, respect is loved by others, loyalty is shared by others, and trust is believed by others. What people love, what people own and what people rely on will be freed from suffering. Can be close to the country, not to mention the body? So, it's not as sparse as counting, is it not far away? Can't you fix it outside without fixing it in the middle? If you don't think things through first, it's not too late to get into trouble. " -"Shuo Wen jing yuan Shen 30" King Wu asked Yu Taigong, "What is the way to govern the country? Taigong said to him: "The way to govern the country lies in loving the people. Holmium: "What about loving the people? Holmium: profit does not hurt, success does not lose, life does not kill, death does not take away, joy does not suffer, and joy does not anger. This way of governing the country makes the people benevolent and love others. -"Shuo Yuan". 13 On Yuan (Chapter 5) ◎ The fate of life depends on the body. The sages attached great importance to the precepts, but carefully ignored them. -"Jing Shen". 1"◎ As the saying goes," It is not shameful to remonstrate and think ". It is also difficult for husbands to stay at home without thinking about it. The poem says, "Fear is treading on thin ice." This is also called. -"Jingshen.1"is broad and respected; Those who are rich and frugal are safe; Respecting the position of Lu, keeping its humble, is also expensive; The people are strong and the soldiers are strong, and they are not afraid of danger and win every battle; Smart and wise, those who keep fools will benefit from it; Those who learn more, remember more and remain shallow are broad. These six defenders are all modest gentlemen. -"Jingshen.2" ◎ Yi said: "There is one thing, which is as big as defending the world, as big as defending the country, and as small as defending its body." Modesty is also called. -"Clean Body.2" ◎ Confucius said: "High and capable, full and vain, rich and frugal, expensive and humble, intelligent and stupid, brave and fearful, stupid in argument, shallow in knowledge, bright and dark, that is, the loss is not extreme. If you can do this, only the most virtuous people can do it. -"Jingshen.4" ◎ Huan Gong said: "King Kong is broken, the leather is rigid, and the country is destroyed. When a person is just, he will make friends. "Husband just disharmony, not available. Therefore, the four horses are not harmonious, and the road is not long; If father and son are not in harmony, their world will be broken; Brothers can't be together for a long time without harmony; Husband and wife are not harmonious, and the family is fierce. " "Yi" said: "If two people get together, they will break off. "Not also just. -"Jing Shen". 7 "◎ People are kind, and there are blessings in the sky; If people are bad, it will be a disaster. Therefore, "misfortune depends on happiness, and happiness lies in misfortune." "Be careful. -"Jingshen.8" ◎ If you know the sky above, you lose time, and if you know the land below, you lose money. It won't do any harm if you are careful day and night. -"Jing Shen". 8 "◎ Happiness comes from obscurity, and misfortune comes from complacency. -"Jing Shen". 13 "the effect of great achievement lies in making good use of good deeds and immersing the chapter;" Failure lies in complacency and laziness, immersion and death. -"Jingshen.14" Those who are already proud, the people will go; Those who are already above are evil; Those who are already thick and dissatisfied will be affected. -"Jing Shen". 17" ◎ Honor the virtuous; Smart and wise, without poverty; Quick endowment, no ancestors; Strong and brave, no one can win. Ask if you don't know, and you won't learn. Although wisdom must be qualitative, then demonstrate it; Do your best and then do it. Therefore, although scholars are smart and wise, they have poor self-control and are stupid; Work is the world, self-defense; Be brave to stay away from the world, and be timid in self-defense; Sophisticated, self-controlled, honest. This so-called high but not dangerous, full but not overflowing. -"Jing Shen". 20 "◎ Happiness must be forbidden, and you will not regret it if you do it. Don't say anything about harm, the disaster will be long; If you don't say anything harmful, the disaster will be great; Don't call it why you are disabled, and the disaster will be natural; Don't say you don't smell it. The demons are waiting for someone. Ying Ying doesn't go out, but it is very hot; If you don't stop, you will become a river; Endless, it will become a net; If you don't cut green, find an axe. If you can't be careful, it will be a curse. -"Jingshen.24" I know what I know, and I don't talk about skills with others; Although I respect my height, people shouldn't hurt me. He who has a long river and a hundred valleys is humble. Heaven has no relatives, but often with good people. -"Jing Shen". 24 "◎ The tree wants to be quiet but the wind is uncertain, and the son wants to raise it. Those who go and don't come, the year is also; Those who can't see each other again, dear. -"Jing Shen". 26 "◎ Confucius said to his disciples," A gentleman who is cautious will be caught. " -"Jing Shen. 28 "◎ Hatred is never reported, and disaster is a great blessing; Security exists in its own place; Not sleepy is to prepare early; Survival lies in getting people; Caution always exists. -"Jing Shen". 29 "Shuo Yuan Cui Ying" (Chapter 6) ◎ Confucius said: "I don't know my son, I regard my friend; I don't know who it is, but what it does. He also said: "Living with goodwill is like entering Lan Zhi's room. If you don't smell its fragrance for a long time, you will blend with it. " Living with the wicked is like entering the land of abalone. If you don't smell it for a long time, you will be integrated with it. Therefore, Dan hides it as red, Musashi as black, and a gentleman hides it cautiously. -"Talking about Garden Miscellaneous Words 45" Zi Gong asked: "A gentleman must look at water when he sees water. Why? Confucius said, "A gentleman is rich in water, so he is not as profitable as a gentleman. "... dedication, selflessness, virtue; The great is born like benevolence; Its flow is modest, and every sentence is based on its logic; Shallow people's hearts, deep people are unpredictable, like wisdom; There is no doubt that he went to the valley of one hundred miles and looked very brave; It is weak and micro-reaching, which seems to be observable; If you are not allowed by evil, it seems to be covered; Unknown, fresh and clean, such as good; The quantity must be flat and positive; The income is not approximate, but similar; Its ten thousand fold must be the east, which seems to mean something. This is a gentleman's view of water. "-"Shuo Yuan Zahua 46 "Why does the husband wise man enjoy water? Yue: the spring source collapses, and it seems to be powerful day and night; Follow the principle, not leaving a small room, seemingly dull; Under the move, it seems polite; Go a thousand miles without doubt, like a brave man; The obstacles are clear, which is like knowing life; Unexplained entry, fresh and clean, seems not bad; Everyone is equal, the category is positive, if you get it, you will live, if you lose it, you will die. Seemingly virtuous; Shu Shu is deep and unfathomable. It is like a saint. The harmony between heaven and earth makes the country successful. It's nice to know that you are with water. "Poetry" said: "I think of music and water, but I take it lightly. Lu Hou stopped drinking in Pan. " Music water is also called. -"Shuo Yuan". Miscellaneous words 47 "◎ Why is Leshan benevolent? Yue: The beauty of Fu Shan is the envy of the world. Plants grow, many things stand, birds gather, animals rest, treasures live, people rest, and things work tirelessly, and there is no limit to the four directions. Out of the clouds, the air between heaven and earth is smooth, and the country is successful. It is a benevolent person, so Leshan is also. "Poetry" says: "Mount Tai rocks, Lu Hou is far-sighted. Leshan is called Yi. -"Shuo Yuan Miscellaneous Words" 47 said that Yuan Cui Ying (Chapter 7) ◎ The scheming has two ends: first seek know life, then seek the governor. Knowing life foresees the source of survival and misfortune, knows the beginning of ups and downs, and takes refuge in the invisible before things happen. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 1) ◎ Machiavelli is divided into good and evil, the gentleman's Machiavelli is right, and the villain's Machiavelli is evil. Husband's sincerity is for the public to seek power, so it is sincere for the people; Others are selfish, so they cheat for the people. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 1) ◎ Honest people will prosper to future generations, and liars will die if they live. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 1) ◎ When a wise man does something, he is worried about overflow, peace is worried about danger, security is worried about straightness, and he is afraid of being impossible, so he is never caught in the trap. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 1) ◎ Yu Tu said: "I heard that the country is prosperous, and I am a saint left behind by Heaven, and I am extremely remonstrated with it; If the country dies, Heaven will help others and be kind to others. " -"Shuo Yuan". Machiavelli 6) ◎ Those who can talk may not do it, and those who can walk may not talk. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 12) ◎ Confucius said: "There are no luxuries. "If you don't feel inferior, you will be humiliated, humiliated, and reversed. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli (20) ◎ Confucius said: "A saint turns a disaster into a blessing and returns evil with good." -"Shuo Yuan". Machiavelli 2 1) ◎ burning forests and fields, although there are many beasts, there will be no recovery next year; If you dry up, you will get more fish, but there will be no recovery next year; Cheating can also steal profits, and then there is no reward. -(Shuo yuan. Machiavelli 3 1) Cui Ying (Chapter 8) Confucius said: "A gentleman is born by his own way. "If the husband is irregular, he will eventually die. If he is not prosperous at the beginning, he will eventually decline. -(Jian Ben.1) Yi said: "Building its foundation and making everything tangible is a drop in the ocean, but it is a thousand miles away. "So, the gentleman should lay a good foundation and start again. -(sword book. 1) ◎ A man's way is nothing more than the love between father and son, and the righteousness of the monarch and the minister. Father, son and son; You are moral and I am loyal. Moral father and son are in the child, and they are good at teaching. Repair its meaning, hide its falsehood, and be frugal and cautious. -(Ben 4) When the child is seven years old, his father chooses a mentor and a good friend for him. Don't let him see evil, let him get better gradually, so as to make him early. -(Ben 4) ◎ Xianzi's business is close, words must be done, and the response is not unreasonable; Interest advances and retreats, which is not contradictory to the eyes; A humble body does not go against the heart. A gentleman's business is to accumulate virtue. Children, parents also, do not push and do not follow, but also harm parents. Therefore, the relatives are safe and the children have landed. -(Ben 4) ◎ Confucius said: "A man's journey is greater than filial piety. "Filial piety, Jia Hao is outside. It is said that it is based on this, glory and self-sufficiency. -(Ben 4) ◎ The monarch is based on the minister, the minister is based on the monarch, the father is based on the son, and the son is based on the father. Those who abandon their roots will be honored. -(Ben 4) ◎ Luz said: "The longevity of two parents is like a gap, a hundred herbs want to grow, frost does not make it, saints want to raise it, and two parents don't wait. -(Jian Ben. 5) ◎ The teaching of the university is also: Time forbids making predictions before they are made, because it can be said that observation is good, and it is tame and eager to learn. -(jianben.9) ◎ If it is issued and then banned, it will be overwhelming; Learn after time, be diligent and unruly; Miscellaneous but not inferior, it is bad but not cured; Studying alone without friends is ignorance. -(Jian Ben. 9) ◎ When a person is naive, it is impossible to be complete without seeking the original teacher. -(Jian Ben. 10) ◎ Today's people are sincere in sharpening their knives, being sincere in the gods, seeing what things should be, being aware of the importance of communication, always dying, seeing the boundless territory, and being at ease, as if they were wandering outside the dust, being outstanding and independent, and wandering in this sanctuary, so they are the people of later generations. -(Jian Ben. 10) ◎ Living in seclusion, reading and drumming, looking back on ancient times, being friendly with wise doctors, learning and discussing the Tao, worrying about yourself every day; Stay away from the world, clearly distinguish between interests, plan gains and losses, view fortunes, establish righteousness, and think about law; Tracing back to the source and investigating the feelings of things; Death has a legacy, life has a reputation. This can be built by talents, but those who can't can take time off. -(Jian Ben. 10) ◎ Although Huiji is ill, he will not travel far without Bole; Although being a cadre is beneficial, you can't judge yourself without manpower; Although the black bow is good, it is not allowed to row and uncomfortable; Although talented people are high, they can't become saints without learning. -(Ben 10) ◎ Water accumulates into rivers and dragons grow; Only when the soil accumulates into mountains can it be healthy; If you learn to be a saint, you will become rich and respected. -(sword book. 10) ◎ Learn from sages, so be virtuous; About making friends with each other. Poetry Cloud: "If the argument is incisive, it will be polished." This is also called. -(Jian Ben. 10) ◎ When you know your relatives, you will know that you respect your husband; When there are differences between men and women inside and friends outside; The moral education of saints has been passed down by Confucian scholars to teach future generations. -(Ben 1 1) ◎ Zi Si said, "Learn to benefit talents and sharpen your knife. I have tasted secluded places, and I am deeply impressed, but I am not quick to learn; I look forward to it when I taste it, but I don't want to see it when I climb high. Therefore, it is called with the wind, and the sound is unheard of; Climbing the mountain, you can see far without lengthening your arms. So fish ride in the water, birds ride in the wind and plants ride in time. ◎—— (Jianben. 13) ◎ Confucius said: "Those who can be tireless with others all day can only learn! His weakness, his courage, his ancestors and his surname are not enough. However, those who can smell the world and show themselves to the princes can only learn! "Poetry" says: "Win without fighting, and be led by the old chapter without dying." Fu Xue is also called. -(Ben 14) ◎ Confucius said: "A gentleman must learn and show off when he sees people. Without ornament, there is no root, without root, it is unreasonable, unreasonable is disloyal, disloyalty is disrespectful, and rudeness is not established. -(Jian Ben. 15) ◎ People born with respect are proud, and those born with wealth are proud. People born without lessons and rich and complacent are rare! -(Jian Ben. 16) ◎ Shi Kuang said: "I heard that learning less is like sunrise; Strong and studious; Such as the light of Japan and China; Old and studious, bright as a candle. -(Jian Ben. 17) ◎ Only learning can broaden knowledge and wisdom. -(Ben 18) ◎ doers often achieve great things, and travelers often come. -(Jian Ben. 19) ◎ Confucius said, "If your wife doesn't admonish me, I will lose my government, and if a scholar doesn't have a church member, I will lose my morality. Crazy horse will not release strategy and will never return to the bow. Wood is straight with rope, and people are sacred with advice. Learn and ask again. What's wrong? And close to punishment. A gentleman must study. Confucius said that it is common to be careless about the former and regret the latter. -(Jian Ben. 23) ◎ Guan Zi said, "Honest and courteous; Rich in nutrition and well-educated. " -(sword book. 26)