The career development process is divided into five stages:
1, the growth stage (birth-14 years old) is a fantasy, focusing on interest, to choose and evaluate the career you understand;
2. In the exploration stage (15-24 years old), gradually consider your own interests, abilities, social value of your occupation and employment opportunities, and start to enter the labor market or engage in a certain occupation;
3. In the establishment stage (25-44 years old), try the chosen occupation and change jobs until it is gradually stable;
4. In the maintenance stage (45-64 years old), workers have made some achievements in their work, maintained the status quo and improved their social status;
5, the recession stage (after the age of 60), career is coming to an end or quit the field of work. Chinese experts have also put forward a similar division method, that is, germination period, inheritance period, creation period, maturity period and old age period.
Career design refers to the combination of individuals and organizations. On the basis of measuring, analyzing and summarizing the subjective and objective conditions of a person's career, it determines the best career goal and makes effective arrangements for achieving this goal. The purpose of career design is not only to help individuals find jobs according to their own economic conditions and achieve their personal goals, but more importantly, to help individuals truly understand themselves, make career plans for themselves, plan their future, draw up the direction of life, further evaluate the advantages and limitations of the internal and external environment in detail, and design their own reasonable and feasible career development direction under the condition of "weighing external conditions and measuring their own strength". Career design can be basically divided into five stages: setting goals, evaluating self and environment, choosing career, career strategy, evaluation and feedback.
Professional design and four links:
Career design consists of four links: self-examination, goal setting, career strategy and career evaluation.
First of all, an effective career design must be based on a full and correct understanding of its own conditions and related environment. The more thoroughly you know yourself and your environment, the better you can design your career.
Secondly, effective career design needs practical goals, so as to eliminate unnecessary hesitation and interference and commit to the realization of the goals. Without practical goals as the driving force, people can easily compromise with the status quo.
Third, effective career design needs implementable career strategies. These concrete and feasible action plans will help you to succeed step by step and achieve your goals.
Finally, effective career design should constantly reflect on whether the revision of career goals and strategic planning are appropriate to adapt to the changes in the environment, and can also be used as a reference for the next round of career design.
How to define your career orientation?
The gifted professor at MIT pointed out that career orientation can be divided into the following five categories:
Technology: People who hold this professional orientation are often unwilling to engage in management work because of their own personality and hobbies, but are willing to develop in their own professional and technical fields. In the past, when China didn't train professional managers, top-notch technicians were often promoted to leadership positions, but they often didn't like the job themselves, and they wanted to continue studying their major.
Management type: These people have a strong desire to be managers, and experience tells them that they have the ability to reach senior leadership positions, so they set their career goals as management positions with considerable responsibilities. The ability to become a senior manager includes three aspects:
1, analytical ability: the ability to judge, analyze and solve problems under the condition of insufficient information or uncertain situation;
2. Interpersonal communication ability: the ability to influence, supervise, lead, cope with and control people at all levels;
3. Emotional control: I have the ability not to be depressed or discouraged in the face of key events, and I have the ability to take on major responsibilities without being overwhelmed by them.
Creative: This kind of people need to build their own things, or products or processes named after themselves, or their own companies, or private property that can reflect their personal achievements. They think that only these tangible things can show their talents.
Freedom and independence: some people like to be alone, rather than relying on each other as they do in big companies. Many people with this career orientation also have a fairly high technical career orientation. But it is different from the pure technical orientation. They don't want to develop in the organization, but prefer to be consultants, or work independently, or partner with others. Other free and independent people often become freelance writers or open small retail stores.
Security type: Some people are most concerned about the long-term stability and security of their jobs, and strive for a stable job, considerable income, superior welfare and pension system. At present, most people in our country choose this career orientation. Many times, this is determined by the level of social development, not entirely by one's own will. I believe that with the progress of society, people will no longer be forced to choose this type.
Each of the above descriptions may have a specious feeling. In order to better define your career orientation, you can try the following methods: first, take out a piece of paper, think carefully about the following questions, and record the main points on the paper:
1. When you were in middle school and college, what did you put the most energy into?
2. What is your first job after graduation and what do you hope to get from it?
What is your long-term goal when you start working? Have you changed? Why?
4. Did you change your job later? Why?
5. What do you like and dislike most about your work?
6. Have you ever refused a transfer or promotion? Why? Then, according to the explanation of the above five types of career orientation, determine your dominant career orientation.
Like many classifications, there is no good or bad classification above. The reason why it is put forward is to help people better understand themselves, rethink their career, and set practical goals accordingly.
There are ten new design career plans that may apply to you:
1. No matter what occupation you are engaged in now or in the future, you must not forget that you are responsible for your occupation. In a word, just as a dentist is responsible for the patients he treats, you must be serious and dedicated to your career, shoulder heavy burdens bravely, be conscientious and abide by professional ethics.
2. Remember that harmonious interpersonal relationship is very important. Practice has proved that harmonious personnel relations with colleagues will double work efficiency.
3. Optimize your communication skills. Excellent communication skills can improve your chances of success in finding a job. For example, many high-tech companies in the Silicon Valley Science and Technology Park in the United States not only examine technology, but also examine the communication skills of employees. The successful employee's practice is to make a serious effort to understand the meaning of the other person's words when listening to them, and then explain his own views.
4. Be good at finding and adapting to changes. No matter what changes have taken place in the surrounding environment, at a certain stage of life, we should be good at discovering various opportunities and controlling them. For example, doing business on the Internet is a change of the times, and it may also be an opportunity for you. No matter you have never been engaged in online business, you should agree that it is the most effective thing in the world today, and it has a changing future trend. No matter whether this change is good or bad, you should carefully examine it and make a careful prediction, because your present or future career may be closely related to it, and all kinds of opportunities may be included.
5. Be flexible. In the future, workers may have to change their professional roles frequently, which means that you must change from one role to another flexibly and quickly to adapt to the changes of the times and environment.
These people, like their parents, must be good at playing different roles in enlightening children, raising children and educating children, and the transformation of these roles really requires great flexibility from parents to help them. Because the different roles you have to play need to be changed one by one, there is no "guide map" to "guide you". Parents often rely on an intuition to help themselves in this process, and it is absolutely necessary for you to learn to be flexible if you want to succeed in the repeated transformation of your future professional roles.
6. Be good at learning and applying new technologies. Maybe you want to be a writer, but in today's era, writers must constantly learn and master new technical skills if they want to succeed. For example, a writer must be a computer word processor, a typist and an online publisher at the same time to be successful.
7. Willing to spend money and time learning all kinds of introductory tour guide knowledge. At present, universities, social research institutions and other organizations provide a variety of practical knowledge introduction subjects, which can be completed in half a day, one day or two. You can try these subjects. If you feel good about yourself after trial and have great practical value after study, you may wish to study further. The trial of this course of introduction of tour guide knowledge may be the simplest way to explore the "water depth" in a new field.
8. Get rid of all kinds of misconceptions. When you consider a new occupation or new industry, you must update your ideas to avoid being misled by wrong thinking.
For example, considering the health care industry today, we should clearly realize that it has moved towards marketization and value, which is completely different from the health care five years ago.
9. When choosing an employment unit, you should do more thorough research in advance. Before you want to join a company, it is very necessary and important to study the "style" and "behavior" of the company. You might as well go to the reception desk in this hall several times in advance to deal with the relevant receptionists in order to understand the company's norms, behaviors, guidelines and other matters. You can also read the public financial statements about the company; You can also go to the hotel near the company to learn something about the employees of the company (such as what kind of personality and type of people these employees belong to).
10, keep forging ahead and constantly develop new skills. A compound society needs not only professional knowledge, but also general skills and flexible skills.
Particle physics can be called a specialized knowledge, while research ability, communication ability and insight into things are universal and flexible skills. If a professional worker can arm himself with professional knowledge and general skills, he can better adapt to future challenges and competition.
In other words, for your future career, don't just "bow your head and pull the cart" and concentrate on learning a certain kind of professional knowledge. At the same time, you should "look up at the road" and see if this kind of professional knowledge will be needed in the future society. Generally speaking, in the long run, mastering more skills is more promising than mastering only one narrow professional knowledge.
Basic steps:
Everyone is eager for success, but not everyone can succeed. Only by knowing yourself, having a firm goal and adjusting your plan in time according to the changes of the situation can you realize your desire for success. This requires career self-planning. The steps of career planning are:
1, self-assessment
Self-assessment includes the understanding of one's interests, specialties and personality, the test of one's knowledge, skills, IQ and EQ, and the evaluation of one's thinking mode, thinking method and moral standard. The purpose of self-assessment is to know yourself and yourself, so as to make a reasonable choice for your suitable career and career goals.
2. Career opportunity assessment
The evaluation of career opportunities is mainly to evaluate the influence of various surrounding environmental factors on their career development. When making personal career planning, we should fully understand the characteristics of the environment, grasp the development and changes of the professional environment, and clarify our position in this environment, as well as the requirements and conditions created by the environment. Only by fully understanding and grasping environmental factors can we seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in a complex environment and make our career planning have practical significance. The evaluation of environmental factors mainly includes organizational environment, political environment, social environment and economic environment.
3, determine the career development goals
As the saying goes: "Nothing is difficult in the world, I am afraid that there is a will." Ambition is the starting point of life, reflecting a person's ideals, mind, interests and values. Only after accurately evaluating yourself and the environment can you determine the career development goals that are suitable for you and may be realized. When determining the career development goals, we should pay attention to the matching of our personality, interests and specialties with the chosen occupation. More importantly, we should examine whether our internal and external environment is compatible with our career goals, and we should not underestimate ourselves or aim too high. The establishment of reasonable and feasible career goals determines the behavior and results of career development and is the key to making career plans.
4. Choose a career development route
After the career goal is determined, which route to take, such as technical route or management route, technology+management is technical management route, or technical route first, then management route and so on. At this time, you should make a choice. Due to different development routes, the requirements for career development are also different. Therefore, in career planning, we must make a choice on the development route, so as to adjust our study, work and various action measures in time and move forward in the predetermined direction.
5. Formulate career action plans and measures.
After determining the ultimate goal of career and choosing the route of career development, action becomes the key link. The actions mentioned here refer to specific measures to achieve the goal, mainly including measures in work, training, education, job rotation and so on. According to your action plan, you can break down your career goals into short-term, medium-term and long-term goals. Short-term goals can be divided into daily goals, weekly goals, monthly goals and annual goals, and medium-term goals are generally three to five years. The long-term goal is five to ten years. The decomposed objectives are conducive to the follow-up inspection, and at the same time, short-term action plans can be formulated and adjusted according to environmental changes, and effective measures can be taken for specific planned objectives. Occupational measures mainly refer to the methods chosen in improving work efficiency, learning knowledge, mastering skills and developing potential in order to achieve the established goals. The action plan should correspond to the corresponding measures and be decomposed and implemented at different levels. Detailed plans and measures are convenient for regular inspection and timely adjustment.
6. Assessment and feedback
There are many factors that affect career planning, some of which are predictable and some are unpredictable. In this state, in order to make career planning effective, it is necessary to constantly evaluate the implementation of career planning. First of all, we should summarize the implementation of the annual goals and determine which goals have been completed as planned and which goals have not been completed. Then, analyze the unfinished goals, find out the unfinished reasons and development obstacles, and formulate corresponding countermeasures and methods to solve the obstacles. Finally, according to the evaluation results, the plan for next year will be revised and improved. If necessary, you can also consider revising your career goals and routes, but you must consider them carefully.
Function value:
1, based on the existing achievements, establish the direction of life and provide struggle strategies.
2. Break through the grid line of life and create a fresh and full self.
3. Accurately assess personal characteristics and advantages.
4. Assess the gap between personal goals and the status quo.
5. accurately locate the career direction.
6. Re-recognize your own value and add value to it.
7. Discover new career opportunities.
8. Enhance professional competitiveness.
9. Connect individuals, careers and families.
10, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and give full play to professional competitiveness;
1 1. Understand the job market and choose industries and occupations scientifically and reasonably;
12, enhance personal strength and gain long-term career development advantages;
13, speed up adaptation, improve job satisfaction and maximize career success.
Basic explanation of five stages of career.
The concept of career planning was introduced from western countries, which is a new term for most of us. Although we know little about this theory, the career development process of most of us still follows this theory.
Without the guidance of theory, practice often takes many detours, while practice with theoretical guidance often gets twice the result with half the effort. Today, I'm going to talk about Schuber's five-stage theory of career development.
Schuber divides a person's career development from birth to death into five stages, namely, growth stage, exploration stage, establishment stage, maintenance stage and decline stage.
Every stage of career development has its own characteristics and tasks. If the task of the previous stage is not completed well, it will inevitably affect the development of the next stage, thus hindering your career development. Let's talk about these five stages respectively.
First, the growth stage
Growth stage refers to the period from birth to 14 years old. If you start school at the age of 7, 14 is the second grade of junior high school. The growth stage is the preparation stage of a person's career. Although this stage seems to have nothing to do with occupation, it is the most important stage.
Because by the age of 14, a person's brain development is basically completed, self-concept is basically formed, behavior habits are also formed, and learning ability is reflected. Self-concept, behavior habit and learning ability are very important for a person's future development.
The main task at this stage is to grow physically and mentally, establish self-concept and form good behavior habits.
The growth stage is the preparation stage of a person's career. Although this stage seems to have nothing to do with occupation, it is the most important stage.
This stage is also an important stage for a person's talent display and interest development, especially for talents in art and sports. People who have made achievements in these fields are discovered and cultivated at this stage. Such as Jay Chou, Lang Lang and Ding Junhui.
Therefore, as parents, we must pay attention to observe whether children have certain talents at this stage. If you find it, you must create conditions for your child and cultivate it well.
Of course, for most people, there is basically no talent in any aspect. We are all ordinary people. What parents need to do is to let their children develop physically and mentally healthily, form good study habits and form a sound personality.
Second, the exploration stage.
This stage is 15 to 24 years old, probably from the third grade to work. Among the five stages, this stage has the shortest time, but it is an extremely important stage of career.
If the growth stage is the fastest growing stage of a person's body, then this stage is the fastest growing stage of a person's ability.
24-year-old, for the average person, has graduated from college and just joined the work for two or three years. At this stage, you have to go through the two most important learning stages, namely, high school and college, and at the same time you have to go through the initial stage of work, and the first two or three years of work are the most critical period for a person's career development.
The main task at this stage is to choose a career that suits you, lay a good foundation for career development and improve your ability quickly.
From the perspective of career, this stage is the most confusing period in the process of a person's career development. Facing the end of the college entrance examination, the choice of major; When I graduated from college, I was faced with a career choice. These two choices have great influence on a person's career development.
Although some people will engage in jobs unrelated to their majors after graduating from college, most people will engage in jobs related to their majors all their lives.
Therefore, the choice of university major is very important for most people. However, because our country's career planning is not popular, everyone has no awareness of it at all, so there is often great blindness in choosing a major, which leads many people to find that they don't like their major at all after going to college or working, which has a great impact on their career development.
There are many ready-made career research theories in western countries, such as MBTI personality type test based on Jung personality type theory and Holland's career interest test.
These theories have been verified for many years and proved to be very applicable. In the first-tier cities of China, career planning has also been recognized by many people, which has been well developed and solved many people's career choices.
Therefore, it is not only necessary but also worthwhile to spend a little money to seek professional help for people who are confused about their major choice and career development.
Third, the establishment stage.
This stage, from the age of 25 to 44, is a stage when a person finally determines his career and develops steadily. This stage is divided into correction stage and stabilization stage.
The correction stage is 25 to 30 years old. This stage is generally just after joining the company, in a period of career instability and frequent job hopping. For most people who have no career planning, this stage is still in the career exploration period, and they can judge what career they are suitable for by constantly changing jobs.
The shorter this period, the better, because this period is the fastest and most critical period for a person's professional ability to develop. If you don't determine your career development direction by the age of 30, it will have a serious adverse impact on your future.
The stable stage is from 3 1 to about 45 years old. At this stage, the occupation has been basically determined, and what remains is how to give full play to one's abilities and achieve professional achievements.
The stable stage is the golden period of a person's career development. During this period, the physical function was in good condition and the professional ability reached a high level. Whether a person has achieved anything depends on this stage.
Fourth, the maintenance stage.
At this stage, from the age of 46 to 60, after more than 20 years of struggle, the average person has reached the peak of career development. The task at this stage is to maintain the achievements of career development and prepare for retirement.
At this stage, people's health has begun to decline, and their energy can no longer be compared with that of young people. In addition, they need to allocate more energy to take care of their parents and pay attention to their children's education.
The stage in which verbs (short for verb) decline.
After the age of 60, it is a recession. For most people, they have left their jobs, stopped their professional activities and started to enjoy their old age.
Although many people leave their jobs after the age of 60, with the extension of human life, most people have about 20 years left, which is still a long time for people's life. We can make good use of this time to make our life more meaningful.
After the age of 60, children are adults, don't worry; The pressure of work is gone, so you can arrange your own time. You can use this time to develop your hobbies and even realize your unfulfilled dreams.
Of course, the division of Schuber's five stages of his career is aimed at the general situation. In real life, everyone's career development is not necessarily limited to five stages, and the division of age is relative.
In real life, the trajectory of different occupations will be completely different. For example, athletes reach the peak of their career development in their twenties, while some professions such as doctors, scientists and investors are still in the golden stage of their career development at the age of 60. Some people have a successful career at the age of 30, and some people start their own businesses after 50. Such examples are also common in life.
When we study the theory of career development, we want to understand that a person has different tasks at different stages of life. Only by completing tasks at different stages can his career develop well and his life be meaningful.
For most of us, the most important stages in our career are the growth stage and the exploration stage. In the growth stage, parents should bear the main responsibility, and in the exploration stage, the children themselves are the main ones.
The best job is what you like, what your strengths can do, and what is consistent with your values.
To find such a career, you need to have a deep understanding of yourself, that is, know yourself. It is not easy to know yourself, so each of us needs to know something about career planning to avoid detours in career development.