The first step is to read the full text and grasp the main idea.
The first is to clarify the thinking of the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually, we should learn to bid for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph and summarize the central idea. Often effective.
Second, we should find and understand the key words in the article. Especially those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the profound content of the article, have rich connotations and vivid images. In particular, the central idea of the article is often implied in the opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence and lyric discussion sentence.
Don't rush to do the problem, be sure to read the article twice before getting to the point. Read and browse quickly for the first time, absorb the general meaning of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? The second intensive reading, read every sentence carefully, try to figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article. Draw words, sentences and paragraphs that play a connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentence of each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words are often key words that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. (3) Have a sense of style in your heart and find out the sentences that make the dragon shine at the moment. As a philosophical prose, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in narration and description. When reading, we must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, and pay special attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the theme of the full text.
Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to read the article before doing the problem, and resolutely put an end to skimming.
The second step is to carefully examine the questions and conduct directional scanning.
The key to doing subjective questions in modern Chinese reading is to examine them accurately. If you grasp the key to the examination, you can find the key to the answer. The examination of modern text reading is to carefully analyze the stem and grasp the requirements of the topic, that is, to grasp all kinds of information related to the answer contained in the stem. This is the first and most critical step to answer the question. The stem of the question generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; At the same time, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, proposers often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem of the question, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, you can find out the points of each question according to the tips of the stem, and lock the answer interval, which is specific to paragraphs, sentences and words. As long as we find the relevant areas in the original text, carefully ponder the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key words and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answers, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text.
Remember: the stem prompts the answer range, specifies the answer angle, provides the answer idea, implies the answer information and embodies the answer law.
Thirdly, screening and combining, and directional expression.
Reading literary works is mostly subjective, and its stem can show both the answer area and the answer method. We should answer questions from the perspective of the "question" of the presenter, and answer any questions if there are any, so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, we must ensure the fluency of the text.
Please remember:
1, find out the attitude or tendency in the stem.
If the question you encounter is negative, you should use the answer method of reverse first and then correct to avoid missing the main points; If your question is in a positive form, use a positive answer.
2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form.
The structure of stem is an external form of expression, which implies what the meaning of a sentence is made of. The analysis structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions.
3. Find out the author's words and the proposer's words in the stem.
The author's sentences in the topic are generally the objects for students to understand and analyze, while the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions.
4. Change implication into directness and differentiation into generalization.
Modern Chinese reading materials in NMET are mostly prose, and the language is not only rich in connotation, but also attaches great importance to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are specific. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text to find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and summarized languages, which is the mandatory answer.
5. Select, refine and integrate sentences from the original text.
The purpose of modern text reading is to master and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the work according to the author's thinking and find the answer from the original text. But it is not extracted directly, sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is necessary to consider the whole text and extract relevant information from each paragraph for integration. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination.
In addition, we should also find out the common noun terms in the test questions.
Expressions, commonly used expressions are narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and so on.
Writing skills, candidates should be clear, the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense refers to all writing skills, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, expressing ambition and so on.
Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical questions and so on.
Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, vivid image and emotional literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric.
Feeling refers to feeling, understanding and comprehension from the heart.
Explanatory text of types, things and reasons (content perspective); Simple and vivid explanatory text (language expression angle).
Explaining methods generally include examples, classification, data list, comparison, definition, explanation, analogy, drawing charts, imitation, etc. (generally three words).
Descriptive order, chronological order (program order), spatial order, logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc. ), logical order (results first, reasons later, step by step, etc. ).
The object of explanation refers to the main person or thing explained in the article (generally there is no need to answer the characteristics of people or things).
Demonstration methods, reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation and reduction to absurdity required by middle schools.
Demonstration mode, demonstration and refutation.
Theoretical arguments, including famous sayings, proverbs, formula laws, etc.
Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc.
Concise and concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words.
Decent, civilized, polite and humanized.
What's the role? The function or benefit of answering something in the article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively.
Ideological nature basically refers to the central idea or theme of an article.
Thoughts and feelings, the ideological tendency shown by the author or characters in his works, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc.
The above-mentioned "common terms" secretly examine students' language foundation and are also the points for assigning topics. Candidates can understand it, which can cure the problem of "answering irrelevant questions" well.
I. Narrative reading rules
1. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central meaning.
2. The function of description method: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work.
3. The role of metaphor, personification and other rhetoric: the rhetoric of … is used to write …
4. The role of parallelism: enhance the expressive force of language and vivid writing. ...
5. The role of rhetorical questions: strengthen the tone, cause the following, connecting the preceding with the following.
6. The role of rhetorical questions: arouse the reader's attention and thinking, lead to the following, connecting the preceding with the following.
7. The function of the topic: summarize the content; Reveal the theme; Hint clue
8. The role of the first paragraph:
1. environmental description: point out the location and environment where the story takes place, lead to the following, and pave the way for the development of the following plot.
2. Others: start with the topic and lay the emotional tone of the full text; Cite the full text or cause the following, paving the way for the development of the following plot.
9. The role of the middle sentence: the excessive role of connecting the preceding with the following.
10. The function of concluding argumentative sentences: summarize the full text, take care of the beginning, point out the center and deepen the theme.
1 1. Narrative order: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
12. The advantages of the writer: the first person is authentic; The second person said, kind and natural; The third person can be described from many angles, not limited by time and space.
13. The form of narrative clues: physical objects; Characters; Changes in thoughts and feelings; Time; Change of position; Central event
14. Method of finding clues: title; A recurring word or thing; Lyrical argument sentence
15. sentence paragraph appreciation is considered from three aspects: content (what is written and what is unique in material selection); Form (writing method, language features, rhetoric); Emotion (social value, meaning, function, etc. (of the article)
Five steps of poetry appreciation
first step
Let's take a look at what poetry is like (divided into realism and romanticism in expression: pastoral poetry, frontier poetry and so on). By content)
Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties are generally used in ancient poetry, with lyric poems as the majority. Lyric poetry can be divided into scenery description and lyric, ancient lyric and lyric. Writing lyric poems about scenery is mainly to grasp the relationship between scenery and emotion; Generally speaking, to grasp the relationship between the ancient and the present, it can be used to describe the present or satirize it; The first step is to understand the relationship between things and ambitions, and express ambitions by what things are.
Second step
Go to the second half of the poem to find the center of the poem (the author wants to express his feelings and heartfelt wishes).
Third step
Look at the first half of the poem and think about what images are written, what pictures these images constitute, what characteristics these pictures have, and what role they play in the center of the poem (this is actually the blending of scenes, that is, the grasp of artistic conception).
Fourth step
Do five must-see things:
(1) Be sure to look at the topic (the topic is often the eye of the poem, or the central event, which helps to understand the content of the poem);
(2) Be sure to meet the author (know the world and the author's style);
3 must-read notes (you can understand the emotional tone of poetry, difficult knowledge allusions, and sometimes the answers are among them);
4 must-see famous sentences (central sentences and poetic eyes are often here. Poetry appreciation is often the appreciation of famous sentences);
(5) Be sure to look at the stem of the question (the stem of the question is very directional, so be sure to look at the requirements clearly, and be sure to answer with the content and stem of the original poem, and not explain the concept in an empty way. Answers must be targeted and directional, and it is very important to ask, answer, ask and give.
Step five
Take a look at the techniques used in poetry, so that it is easy to appreciate ancient poetry. Generally, the expression program can be used when organizing writing: what kind of poem is this, what kind of scenery the poet absorbed to form what kind of picture scroll (or what kind of image description), and what kind of thoughts and feelings the poet contains from it. In terms of artistic characteristics, what expression techniques are mainly used and what performance effect is achieved. Or put it this way: this poem uses the technique of (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes the characteristics of (image), and shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, which has played a role.
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion).
Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.
Three narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback and insertion. Supplementary narrative is an interpolation.
the third part
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
part four
Five argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation, contrast argumentation and quotation argumentation.
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Five usages of quotation marks: ① quotation; (2) to express irony or negation.
③ table specific appellation ④ table emphasizes or emphatically points out ⑤ specific meaning.
Five uses of dashes: ① annotation, ② interpolation, ③ interruption of sound, ④ change of topic, and ⑤ progressive expression of meaning.
The fifth part
Six logical sequences: ① General → Individual ② Phenomenon → Essence ③ Cause → Result ④ Generalization → Specific ⑤ Part → Whole ⑤ Major → Minor.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the table contents; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking in progress.
Part VI
Seven interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification, definition and quotation.
Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, word-removed phrases and object-object phrases.
Part VII
Eight types of complex sentences: ① coordinate complex sentences; ② turning complex sentences; ③ Conditional complex sentences; ④ Progressive complex sentences; ⑤ Choose complex sentences; 8 Causal complex sentences; 8 assume complex sentences and accept complex sentences.
Eight common rhetorical methods:
(1) Metaphor-makes the language vivid and adds color to the language.
2 personification-writing things into adults makes the language vivid.
3 exaggeration-highlight something or emphasize a feeling.
4 parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect.
⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat.
⑥ Quote-enhance the persuasiveness of language.
⑦ Ask questions-arouse readers' attention and thinking.
⑧ rhetorical question-plays an emphasis role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.
Ten commonly used writing techniques: symbol, contrast, foil, contrast, foreshadowing, reference (echo), direct (indirect) description, promotion and suppression (if you want to promote it, then suppress it first), lyricism with scenery, and metaphor with things.
Symbol expresses the essential characteristics of a person and a social phenomenon through the concrete image of a certain feature.
A summary of the basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese in Another
first part
Two language types: spoken and written.
Two ways of argumentation: argumentation and refutation.
Two explanatory languages: plain and vivid.
There are two types of expositions: expositions about things and expositions about things.
Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-contrast the emotions of characters and render the atmosphere.
Description of social environment-explain the background of the times.
Two types of argumentation: factual argumentation and rational argumentation.
the second part
Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.
The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters depend on whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). )
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion).
Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.
the third part
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Four argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation and contrast argumentation.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Four narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback, insertion and supplementary narrative.
Four uses of quotation marks: ① quotation; (2) to express irony or negation.
③ Specific appellation ④ Emphasis or emphasis.
part four
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Five uses of dashes: ① annotation, ② interpolation, ③ interruption of sound, ④ change of topic, and ⑤ progressive expression of meaning.
The fifth part
Six interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification and definition.
Six logical sequences: ① the whole → the phenomenon → the essence → the cause → the result → the generality → the specific part → the whole → the main → the secondary.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the table contents; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking in progress.
Six common writing skills: symbol, contrast, setting off (paving the way), caring (echoing), direct (indirect) description, promotion and inhibition.
Part VI
Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, word-removed phrases and object-object phrases.
Seven types of complex sentences: ① coordinate complex sentences; ② turning complex sentences; ③ Conditional complex sentences; ④ Progressive complex sentences; ⑤ Choose complex sentences; ⑤ Causal complex sentences; ⑥ Hypothetical complex sentences.
Part VII
Eight common rhetorical methods:
(1) Metaphor-makes the language vivid and adds color to the language.
2 personification-writing things into adults makes the language vivid.
3 exaggeration-highlight something or emphasize a feeling.
4 parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect.
⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat.
⑥ Quote-enhance the persuasiveness of language.
⑦ Ask questions-arouse readers' attention and thinking.
⑧ rhetorical question-plays an important role in strengthening the positive (negative) tone. In real life, we often need to express our attitude, express our views and explain our views on people, things, things or certain phenomena. This is a discussion. An article with discussion as its main expression is called argumentative paper, also called argumentative paper. This style has high practical value, such as editorials, comments and miscellaneous feelings in newspapers and magazines, as well as speeches and debates in life.
Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. An argumentative essay, whether it is an argument, a rebuttal or a combination of the two, has a clear argument. Argumentative writing includes two basic forms: fact and truth. Arguments and arguments are organized through argumentation. So, how to read argumentative essays?
First, finding the right argument is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. Some articles, the title is the central argument, such as "frugality and morality"; Some articles put forward arguments at the beginning, such as "Talking about backbone", which put forward that "we China people have backbone" at the beginning; The central argument of some articles appears at the end of the article; Some articles put forward central arguments in the process of discussion, such as "thinking and doing"; There are also some articles that are not very concentrated in the expression of arguments, which require readers to select and refine from a large number of materials and summarize them.
Second, the analysis and argumentation is guided by argumentation and serves for argumentation. There are two types of arguments commonly used-factual argument and rational argument.
Factual arguments: including representative and conclusive examples or historical facts.
Rationality demonstration: refers to the correct theory that has been tested by people's practice and recognized by the society, including social science theories, such as philosophical theory, as well as the principles, laws and formulas of natural science and widely circulated proverbs, famous sayings and aphorisms.
Third, clear argumentation methods There are various argumentation methods, and there are four common ones:
① Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument;
(2) Reasoning: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams of famous people at home and abroad, and accepted theorem formulas to prove the argument;
③ Comparative argument: compare positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove arguments in comparison;
4 Metaphorical argument: Use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument. Most argumentative papers use several methods comprehensively.
Fourth, analyze the structure of the article The structure of the argumentative article is generally to ask questions-analyze problems-solve problems (that is, introduction-this theory-conclusion). It is necessary to clarify the thinking of the article: first look at the questions raised at the beginning, analyze and demonstrate from several aspects, and focus on which aspect, and then further study the reasons for this arrangement.
Fifth, when analyzing the language of argumentative writing, we should pay attention to understanding the rich keywords. The language of argumentative essays is often general, and the rich content is expressed in abstract words. For example, "frugality and moral cultivation" in "frugality and moral cultivation" means living frugally to cultivate morality. Its connotation is rich, and the police instigate the people. Only by linking the background of the work with the content of the full text can we have a deeper understanding.
Narrative reading
(1) pays more attention to the excavation of humanistic spirit in the selection of proposition materials, and pays more attention to the educational significance contained in its content, which is related to the inner world of students.
(2) Narrative reading accounts for the largest proportion in modern reading of senior high school entrance examination. Grasp the narrative reading, and you will grasp the "half of the country" in the reading of the senior high school entrance examination.
(3) The proportion of extracurricular essays is increasing.
When reading and reviewing narratives in 2004, we should do the following: analyze the requirements, person and order of narratives; Analyze the description of appearance, language, action and psychology, and grasp the character characteristics; Understand the role of environmental description; Experience the vividness and vividness of language; Understand the function of narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyric and other expressions in the text; Understand the relationship between article details and expression center; Can summarize the central meaning of the article.
In short, the ability to examine is mainly the overall reading comprehension ability, analysis and application ability, summary and expression ability, and questioning and thinking ability.
Argumentative reading
Brief analysis of test sites;
In argumentative reading, as far as content is concerned, the focus of examination is to grasp the central argument and clarify the arguments used in the text and their functions; As far as form is concerned, the focus of the examination is the structural hierarchy analysis of the discussion. In argumentative reading, grasping the central argument is the most important and the key to reading the full text, so whether we can grasp the central argument of the full text quickly and accurately will directly affect the success or failure of the whole reading.
In addition to structural analysis, the examination of arguments mainly focuses on two aspects: first, the logical relationship between arguments; The second is the logical relationship between paragraphs and sentences. These two tests are more difficult because they are abstract and thoughtful. This requires strengthening thinking training in peacetime and concentrating on strengthening training before the exam. Among them, the training of generalization ability is particularly important. To summarize the center of the full text, to summarize the meaning of the paragraph; To analyze the relationship between paragraphs, we also need to summarize the meaning of paragraphs. It is to clarify the relationship between sentences. It is difficult to grasp long sentences, and it is also necessary to summarize the meaning of sentences.
Throughout the argumentative reading in recent years, the trend of proposition is:
The selection of materials is mainly after class, and the content of materials is close to students' life; The ability to examine is mainly the ability to understand and summarize, which requires you to perceive its main content as a whole, grasp the arguments, arguments and arguments of the article, understand its basic ideas, understand the effect of language expression, and summarize and express it; On this basis, I can read creatively and complete open topics.
Explanatory reading
(1) Take the text as an example, and test it with unfamiliar explanations after class to get rid of the misunderstanding of rote memorization and ensure the efficiency of the test questions.
(2) The expository text covers a wide range, including both natural science and social science. Whether it is the usual training or the exam proposition, it can not be ignored. At the same time, it is a wise choice to strengthen the reading training of social science expository articles.
(3) The purpose of expository writing is to introduce knowledge, so the goal of expository reading test is to understand, including the understanding of words, sentences, interpretation centers, interpretation sequences and methods. Since the introduction of any knowledge is inseparable from concepts, and there are many new concepts in the articles introducing high-tech knowledge, answering the reading questions of explanatory articles is a key to accurately understand the meaning of concepts.
The fetter attitude of reading expository texts should be rational, not emotional.
First, you should have a wide range of knowledge, so that you can better understand the articles you see.
Second, skills, there is a skill that can be answered in the original sentence, just answer in the original text; Or answer with a sentence with similar meaning to the original. Therefore, we should pay attention to the connection between contexts. The answer to the question mentioned in this paragraph may be in the next paragraph. Another skill is to find the answer in the test questions. For example, sometimes there will be multiple-choice questions-"Which of the following statements about this article is wrong/correct?" Reading the options carefully will help you understand this article.
How to answer questions such as "Contact this article and talk about your understanding/views on some issues" and "Explain the meaning of this sentence"?
The so-called understanding here can come from the central sentence of the original text or "which of the following statements about this article is wrong/right?" Find the answer in the options. Generally speaking, it is a very formal cliche. When the rhetoric is finished, you can write more about your own views.
The meaning of a sentence can also be found from the context, which will help you understand the sentence, because the sentence you want to explain is usually a key sentence, so you must contact the context, and no article can't answer it. First, you can roughly explain the literal meaning of the sentence, and then answer the connotation or function of the sentence in the text in context (such as pointing out the main idea of the full text or connecting the preceding with the following)
The format can refer to the reference answers to the questions you have done.
As an important part of Chinese test questions, reading questions, especially in the college entrance examination, have been proved by the practice of Chinese college entrance examination over the years. I think we should pay attention to the following points in reading, in order to improve the reading comprehension ability of Chinese:
First, master the overall information skillfully.
The reading process itself is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured. When doing the topic, you can first look at the author of the article, the writing time and the comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic. If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative paper, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements. Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem.
Second, determine the outline of the regional circle.
Reading a long article mainly uses intensive reading, which requires word-for-word scrutiny. Therefore, we should cultivate the habit of drawing circles and making more marks in our daily practice. We can first look at which paragraphs or areas in the text are related to the topic and which sentences are related to it. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas. With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability. When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time.
Third, pay attention to extract the original text.
Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially for the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. For example:
Hearsay, Tao refers to the road; Like-minded, well-informed, and reasonable.
Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. These requirements are as follows:
This word is ambiguous. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; Stick to the policy, face the policy, the policy, the whip
In modern Chinese, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" is to be polite and to teach (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable".
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.