Orchid is one of the traditional ornamental flowers in China. Look at the flowers and enjoy the leaves, and enjoy both elegance and popularity without losing pleasure. The way to raise orchid and heart.
Although raising orchids has various benefits, it is difficult to raise them well. As the saying goes, "You won't know the orchid until it is difficult to plant." Now I will write down my own experience, hoping that You Lan will criticize and correct me.
One: Selecting seedlings
At present, the price of orchids is based on the number of seedlings. The price of the same variety varies greatly because of the strength of grass, the size of pseudobulb, the number of leaves and the ridges before and after. As the saying goes, "You get what you pay". I would rather spend more money to buy strong grass before long grass than old grass and weak grass.
Buying new grass and strong grass not only ensures the survival rate, but also makes flowers easy to come, and can also bear strong grass in early spring; Grow into 2-3 generations of grass after autumn; Flowering from August to September. Old grass and weak grass germinate in May-June in early summer, and grow slowly and weakly due to insufficient nutrition. In contrast, buying strong grass is cost-effective.
Experienced You Lan usually introduces native species, because the cultivated grass adapts to the environment and climate after going down the mountain. Although it is slightly different after buying it, the overall environment is the same, and it is easy to maintain the pot after buying it.
However, there are too many people who need traditional grass, which is often driven by interests, so that immature grass is prematurely divided into plants to pursue seedling rate, which increases the difficulty of planting, but the price is several times that of selling grass.
The grass sold back is very popular with orchid friends because of its moderate price. But the undeniable fact is that they changed the physiological rhythm of orchids through high temperature, high humidity and rapid seedling raising. Without the original environment, it is difficult to restore the basin.
But the problem is not very big. As long as it is cleaned for a period of time, the anti-marketing grass can adapt to the local environment. Like the resale Jiyuan bought by Mali moderator from Mr. Qiu, the flowers are no worse than the original species in terms of opening, fragrance and chromaticity. Even better than some native species.
To buy orchids, we must first understand the grassiness of orchids, the character and credit of orchid friends or orchid merchants, so as to avoid buying diseased weeds and virus weeds.
Two: choose the pot
In the past, in order to improve the overall appreciation effect of orchids, a lot of money was often spent on beautiful porcelain pots. These pots are very beautiful. Planting orchids in them and putting them in the hall can really set off the noble temperament of "the fragrance of kings". But from the point of view of orchid cultivation, its functionality is the worst. Through a period of observation, I feel that although this kind of pot looks beautiful, it is not suitable for orchid growth! If the water supply is improper, it is very easy to cause root rot. It is best to use clay pots, sweat sand pots and blue pots with good breathability.
Although the pores on the spray walls of clay pots and sweat pots are easy to block, they can be refreshed as long as they are soaked for one or two years.
In contrast, plastic pots made of inorganic substances are loved by large orchid gardens because of their light weight, easy handling, not easy to break and low price.
Three: Planting materials
There are many kinds of plant materials for orchid cultivation, which are different because of different idioms for orchid cultivation in different regions.
I live in the north and rarely see good orchid mud, so I choose granular planting materials.
Among the granular plant materials, the plant stone produced in Japan is the best. However, due to the high price, the burnt soil in Sichuan was chosen, which was slightly heavier in texture and lower in price.
Proportion of materials in my factory:
At the bottom is 50% medium-sized fairy soil and 50% scorched soil.
The foundation soil consists of 35% small granular lime soil and burnt soil, 65,438+00% peat, 65,438+00% active soil and 65,438+00% medium granular lime soil.
Additional carbon particles, due to the quality of orchid roots, are appropriately increased or decreased. Due to the characteristics of grass, the thickness of planting materials can be increased or decreased.
Its advantages are:
1. Easy to get and match.
2. The germination rate is high. Normal maintenance has two or three generations of seedlings. And strong.
3. Old roots have new roots.
4. Peat and peat soil (fairy soil) overcome the defects of small flowers, thin petals, astringent color and light fragrance when planted alone.
Four: planting
The key problem of using granular planting materials is how to make orchid roots fully contact with granular planting materials. There are many empty roots, but there is no problem of bad handling.
My practice is: buy back orchid plants and cut off empty roots, rotten roots and broken roots. After disinfection, the blue roots should be bleached, slightly soft and elastic, and must not be overdried.
When planting, mix the bottom materials first, then put them into the bottom of the pot for about one third, and put the orchids into the pot. After that, the mixed base soil is used to gently shake the pot while feeding, so that the roots of orchids are separated from each other and fully contacted with the particles. Make full contact with langen, fill it near the false bubble, and gently lay the basin flat on the ground with both hands, so that there is no gap around langen, and the false bubble is required to be flush with the mouth of the basin. Pseudobulbs are only covered with plant materials to make steamed bread. Wash the orchid leaves with clear water spray, water them and re-plant them in a cool and ventilated place. ：
Five: Lighting
Orchids like cool growth, shadows and astigmatism. Therefore, we should adjust the light according to the growth characteristics of orchids.
I'm Qian Chun and Chang Xia. Orchids enjoy the sunshine all day without any shelter. From long summer to autumnal equinox, it is only shaded at noon 1 1-3.
Enjoy flowers and shade 50%-70%.
Watch the leaves and shade 60%-80%.
The sun is strong in summer and autumn, and the temperature is too high. The purpose of shading is not to block the sun, but to cool down. Sunlight is not a factor to reduce orchid growth. Excessive temperature is the main factor to reduce the growth of orchids.
Adjusting the light will optimize the growth and development of orchids.
Six: temperature
The optimum temperature for the growth and development of orchids is between 18 and -28 degrees. If it is higher than 32 degrees, try to cool down; if it is lower than 10 degrees, keep warm. The greater the daily temperature difference, the faster the rooting. Low temperature at night can slow down the nutrient consumption of Cymbidium hybridum, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and make the pseudobulb thicker.
The formation and vernalization of flower buds need to be treated at low temperature of 0- 10 for at least half a month, so that orchids can enter a semi-dormant state and flower buds can be elongated. Otherwise, the flower scape is very short and sticks to the basin, losing its ornamental value. Orchids without buds should also be vernalized, which is conducive to strong buds in the coming year.
Seven: Humidity
High air humidity is beneficial to the growth of orchids, and the air humidity is about 60%-90%. Out of kindness.
But long-term high humidity makes orchids prone to diseases and insect pests. Orchids themselves have weak resistance, which is not conducive to rooting. Therefore, the daytime air humidity of orchids is about 60%. The air humidity at night is about 80%, which is the most suitable humidity for orchids. The air humidity during hibernation in winter is about 40%-60%.
Planting orchids with granular plants requires high air humidity, because there are many pores on the surface of granular plants, which absorb water and evaporate quickly. If the air humidity is low, the moisture in the particles in the basin will evaporate quickly. When the moisture content of granular plant material is low, it will not only provide water to orchid roots, but also absorb water from orchid roots. In this case, if it is not watered in time, it will be extremely unfavorable to the growth of Cymbidium hybridum. Therefore, the planting materials should be kept slightly wet and not too dry.
Eight: ventilation
Ventilation is the key to cultivate orchids and effectively prevent pests and diseases.
Theoretically speaking, planting orchids requires ventilation on all sides. This contradicts the humidity in the blue room. The key is the degree, so that both can basically meet the growth needs.
It is advisable that the basin surface particles do not turn white for three days after watering. In high temperature season, besides watering and spraying leaves, when the temperature is below 25 degrees, it is appropriate to increase ventilation appropriately and reduce ventilation.
Nine: Water and fertilizer
On Guo Lan's website, there are two articles, Mou Anxiang and Mou Lao's Water for Orchids and Guo Lan's Method of Using Fertilizer, which are written in great detail. There's no need to be wordy.
But let's talk briefly about our own plant materials.
1. Water quality
Let's talk about water quality first. The ancients thought "falling into the water" was wonderful. Followed by rivers, lakes, springs and wells. However, due to frequent human activities, environmental pollution is serious. A large part of this water is not drinkable recently, let alone watered with orchids. Besides, this water is not always available, and it needs to be stored for a long time. If it is too long, it is easy to form "chain water", which is often called "stagnant water". This water is not easily absorbed by the roots of Cymbidium hybridum.
Therefore, the best tap water is around us, and it is best to store it for a day or two to disperse chlorine.
water
As soon as the granules turn white in summer and autumn, they can be watered.
In winter and spring, water should be given 2-5 days after all the particles on the basin surface turn white.
Management of weak roots and poor stems of orchids.
2 fertilization
Fertilization is mainly based on base fertilizer, supplemented by foliar fertilizer.
Granular planting materials do not keep fertilizer, and nutrients lose quickly after each fertilization. Therefore, a proper amount of planting incense is put into the planting materials as the base fertilizer. Usually, organic fertilizer can be used as the main fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer). High crispness, orchid, Huabao, rooting powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. And dilute it a little at a time according to the proportion on the instructions. Apply it every 7- 10 days. Be thin, be fat and be diligent. Fertilization time is usually in the morning and evening of orchid growth period.
Downhill grass, weak grass, rotten grass. No fertilizer is applied in a growing period, and clearing is the main method.
These are my personal experiences in raising orchids in recent years, many of which are from books and You Lan. I have the cheek to post it today, hoping to get less bricks. Think of it as an assignment for Guizhou Orchid Network.