● Consumers should correctly understand the functions of credit cards, rationally overdraw their consumption, and do not "keep their cards with cards" or "repay their loans with loans", let alone "borrow for a long time", and give full play to the consumption support functions of credit cards and other consumer loan tools.
Under the influence of internet plus's new format, Internet consumer credit has risen rapidly. Some media reported that using online lending platform for daily consumption has become a common consumption mode for college students. During the epidemic, college students who used to rely on living expenses and part-time jobs to repay loans were in debt close to "thunder" because they had no "income".
Some experts believe that peer-to-peer lending is the most common financial consumption mode at present, and it is necessary to further strengthen the publicity on the advantages and disadvantages of peer-to-peer lending, so that financial consumption can become a compulsory course for college students; While cracking down on illegal online lending platforms, detailed rules should be issued as soon as possible to regulate the lending behavior of formal online platforms to college students, such as setting the maximum loan limit and avoiding multi-platform lending.
Balance of payments during the epidemic.
Rob Peter to pay Paul to repay the loan.
20 19, 1 1, The Research Report on Post-1995 Credit Card Consumption Scenarios released by Guangfa Bank shows that in recent years, under the influence of new formats in internet plus, Internet consumer credit has risen rapidly. Internet consumer financial products launched by major e-commerce companies emerge in an endless stream, such as flower buds and voluntary payment. Because of its low application threshold, simple procedures and convenient use, it is deeply loved by young people who love online shopping. It is a product used by many "post-95 s" when they first tried credit consumption.
"But during the epidemic, I lived at home and my parents didn't give me living expenses. Then Huayuan's repayment will not be received. Finally, I still rely on the pocket money given by my grandfather. " Liu Chang said, "In the past few months at home, I deliberately reduced some unnecessary online shopping, but when everything returns to normal life after school, I will continue to use flower beds."
Compared with Liu Chang's relaxed response, Yang Hai, who just graduated last year, was not so lucky. Yang Hai said that he just graduated and lives in Beijing, and the pressure on rent and living costs is relatively high. "Renting a house in Beijing is' one buy one, three buy one'. I usually use a credit card to swipe it in advance, and then pay my salary every month before returning the credit card. However, due to the epidemic, the small company's benefits were not good, so I was fired and my credit card could not be repaid on time. It costs money to find a job and live, and the economic pressure is too great. No way, I can only find several large lending platforms to borrow a little money and temporarily turn around. "
Speaking of online loans, Xiao Jiang, a senior student at a university in Guizhou, said that this made his college life worse and worse. "There are more than three thousand pieces left in the flower garden. Stay at home this year, no living expenses. I borrowed money from many classmates and relatives, and finally there was no thunder. " Xiao Jiang said that online loans can't be thrown away as soon as they are contacted, like a bottomless pit.
For such a repayment method, people in the industry believe that this move will treat the symptoms rather than the root cause, and the credit card debt of 65,438+100000 yuan has not been paid off. "Just put off this month's arrears until next month. In addition, the cardholder also needs to pay a certain handling fee to the payment platform, and 654.38+100000 yuan probably needs 75 yuan. " .
The Consumer Protection Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China has also issued a risk warning document, pointing out that consumers should correctly understand the functions of credit cards, rationally overdraw their consumption, and do not "keep cards with cards" or "repay loans with loans", let alone "borrow short and use long", and give full play to the consumption support functions of credit cards and other consumer loan tools.
Accurately push online loan advertisements
The loan amount keeps increasing.
According to the Insight Report on Retail Consumption in the Post-epidemic Era released by iResearch in June 2020, more than 50% netizens in China spend more than 2,000 yuan per month, and more than 20% netizens spend more than 3,000 yuan per month.
Take a takeaway client as an example. On its payment page, multiple payment methods will be allowed. The top ranking is "ICBC credit card reduces 6.6 yuan", and the client's own brand Meituan "monthly supply: 2.5 yuan can be reduced, and the highest can be randomly reduced by 88 yuan"; On the "My" page of another take-away client, the "My Wallet" option also supports the function of "borrowing money", with a maximum loan of 6,543,800 yuan, and the "high amount" is framed in red, which is very eye-catching in the whole page.
"When using Alipay to pay, you will be reminded to give priority to the payment of flower beds, or tell you that there is a red envelope for the payment of flower beds to attract users to open the flower bed function." Chang Lu said that even in some mainstream online consumer loan platforms, they will actively push some information about loan preferences or consumption preferences to users. "If you use it frequently, the loan amount will continue to increase. Some of my classmates have increased the loan amount in the past two years."
Yin Zhentao, director of the Financial Science and Technology Research Office of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that platforms such as Flower Shop and Borrowing Shop all support installment business, which is relatively formal. "At the same time, the amount of approval for college students is also small, which will not cause too much risk and repayment pressure, and we should pay more attention to those illegal peer-to-peer lending platforms."
It is understood that some online lending platforms are loosely approved, and the loan amount exceeds the individual repayment ability, which has laid a hidden danger for college students' loans. According to experts, many online loan products in the market claim that the daily interest rate is lower than 0.05%, which makes people think that the interest rate is very low, but in fact this daily interest rate corresponds to a high annual interest rate of 18%.
In this regard, many interviewees said that in order to make a profit, the online lending platform deliberately cultivated users' consumption habits in advance and guided users, especially young users, to overdraw their personal accounts with credit as a guarantee. These formal and large-scale consumer online lending platforms have infiltrated the campus in the form of "boiling frogs in warm water", overdrawing the vitality of young people.
"High registration per second, loans with ID cards per second" is the main slogan of many online lending platforms. "In such a big environment, it gives you the feeling that if you want to borrow money, you don't need to ask anyone at all. You just need to download an App and you will have money to spend. " Liu Chang said.
Advanced consumption is becoming more and more popular.
Online lending platform needs to be standardized
The so-called "campus loan" is simply a small loan for college students. On the campus online loan platform, college students can easily apply for credit loans as long as they submit materials online, pass the examination and pay a certain handling fee.
Generally speaking, the online loan channels on campus can be divided into three categories: one is the local P2P loan platform, which is used for college students' education and entrepreneurship, such as the loan services provided by "famous school loan" and "I come to lend"; Second, staged shopping platforms specifically for college students, such as "fun staging", "arbitrary staging" and "pineapple bag", some of which also provide lower withdrawal quotas; The third is the credit business provided by the traditional e-commerce platform.
Objectively speaking, campus loans have solved the capital needs of some college students to some extent, such as starting a business or reasonable consumption. However, some campus online lending platforms are not standardized, and individual college students' consumption is out of control, which leads to violent dunning by online lending institutions, and individual students' inability to repay leads to tragedy.
"It is the problem of students with very high debts that leads to the negative impression of campus loans. Judging from the actual situation, such students have strong vanity, unrestrained spending, and weak sense of responsibility of parents. " Yang Mei said, "Some students don't know enough about personal credit reporting, and they don't care that there may be a large number of overdue records, which will lead to poor credit reporting and affect their financial life in the future. "
In the face of frequent campus loans, the regulatory authorities are constantly strengthening supervision. The rectification of online loans such as campus loans and related clean-up work have been promoted from the central government to the local government. But why such a problem still exists, Yin Zhentao thinks there are two main reasons:
On the one hand, although China's regulatory provisions are relatively clear, there is such a demand in the market at present, and "there will be supply if there is demand". Some borrowers, including students, do not have enough financial knowledge to identify the risks of these lending platforms, or for various reasons, although they may have a basic understanding of these lending platforms, they have no other way to obtain loans and can only borrow money through these lending platforms. Many students or young people who borrow money from these platforms may not be customers of traditional financial institutions at all, and even the purpose and spending direction of borrowing money may not be reasonable, compliant and legal;
On the other hand, the regulatory authorities have no ability to immediately find every bad lending platform, and many small platforms are very hidden on the Internet. At present, they can only deal with it after they know the relevant situation, which belongs to "after the fact".
"It is worth noting that China's policies and regulations on campus loan platforms have actually been introduced, and now it is mainly a matter of implementation." Yin Zhentao believes that regulators need to "actively discover" these non-performing lending platforms, and after discovery, they can take some advanced scientific and technological means to investigate and deal with them through institutions such as industry and commerce and the China Banking Regulatory Commission; At the same time, we should also "passively discover". After discovering the clue, the borrower should actively report the complaint. After discovering illegal platforms, it is necessary to severely punish them to increase their illegal costs and thus deter these lawless elements.
A new scam came into being.
Induce cancellation of online loan account
An epidemic not only disrupted the normal social production order, but also gave birth to scams such as "cancellation of online loan accounts and telecom fraud". On July 8, 360 Financial Anti-Fraud Lab and 360 Mobile Guardian released the Analysis Report on Telecom Fraud in the First Half of 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Report), which showed that the online loan account cancellation fraud surged in the first half of 2020, and it increased by 178% in April. The victims expanded from the group that registered online loan accounts during college to office workers, of which 63% had not registered online loan accounts before, and about 50% were defrauded by multiple online loan platforms.
With the continuous crackdown and publicity of illegal campus loans by the state, some students and other groups have gradually realized the importance of personal financial credit, so some fraud gangs have set up so-called scams to cancel campus loans.
"On hearing all my information, I panicked. The other party said that my personal information may have been stolen and said that it would help me find out and let me add him QQ. " Sun Fang said that after QQ was added, the other party sent her a series of information, such as work permit, IOUs and so on.
"Seeing this information, I was more convinced, and then I carried out a series of operations according to the requirements of the other party." Sun Fang recalled that he finally downloaded a financial App and borrowed 5,000 yuan to transfer it to the other party's bank card account. "Later, I wanted to confirm to the other party whether there was no problem with my credit information, but I found that I had been blacked out by the other party, and I realized that I had been cheated."
Sun Fang said that many people were cheated like her. She joined a group with more than 65,438+10,000 victims, and the amount of fraud ranged from several thousand yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. Realizing that he had been cheated, Sun Fang immediately called the police, but after filing the case, the police said that it was difficult to recover such cases, and many cases in the same situation went away.
According to the Report, the information most used by scammers involves ID number, home address, school and major, telephone number, etc. As a result, many victims mistakenly think that they have registered online loan accounts and are eager to clear the relationship, thus falling into the trap. According to the report, 63% of the victims have never registered an online loan account before. Such small white users know little about the online loan account cancellation process and are more likely to be deceived.
Some insiders have analyzed that the difficulty of safeguarding rights after such campus loans are fraudulently cancelled is that criminals trick victims into lending on the online lending platform and then transfer them to designated accounts. Although fraud can be identified, the victims' loans are all obtained in their own names. If you don't repay or handle it in time, the victim's personal credit will be affected and even bear legal responsibility. How to prove that the loan was cheated by fraudsters, not their own subjective will, is also a difficult problem. At the same time, if the legal responsibility of fraud crime is investigated, especially some cases involving a wide range and a large amount of money, the judicial procedure is relatively long, and it is unknown whether the cheated money can be recovered.
In this regard, the 360 Financial Anti-Fraud Lab reminded that personal credit information is a "credit file" established by the People's Bank of China for individuals, in which credit information mainly records the behavior of individuals borrowing and repaying loans through commercial banks. The cancellation of online loan App accounts is not directly related to personal credit information, and any third party has no right to obtain credit information. The rhetoric of intimidating and inducing the cancellation of online loan accounts on the grounds of "college students' online loan accounts affect personal credit reporting" and "reducing the safety factor of credit reporting" belongs to fraud.