Since the 1990s, from the central government to local governments, from government to enterprises, a lot of money has been invested in the construction of information engineering, including the construction of various information infrastructures and information systems, as well as the construction of intelligent buildings. However, less than 20% of these projects are really completed according to the schedule, quality requirements and investment budget, and are satisfied by users (owners). Most of these projects have problems in varying degrees, and many projects cannot be accepted or abandoned after acceptance, resulting in great waste of funds.
In order to minimize the risk of the project, the competent departments of some provinces and cities have also begun to implement the supervision of project quality management in the construction of information systems.
1 Brief introduction of traditional construction project supervision
Broadly speaking, supervision refers to the supervision and management of certain behaviors according to a certain code of conduct, so that these behaviors meet the requirements of the code and help the actors achieve their behavioral goals.
Foreign construction supervision refers to the project management services provided by consultants for the owners of construction projects.
The concept of construction project supervision in China is basically the same as that in foreign countries, but it also has its own characteristics. According to the Regulations on Construction Engineering Supervision formulated by the Ministry of Construction and the State Planning Commission, construction engineering supervision refers to the micro-supervision and management activities of socialized and professional construction engineering supervision units, which are entrusted and authorized by the owners, and based on the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, construction engineering supervision contracts and other construction contracts, in order to achieve the purpose of engineering investment.
2 Introduction to Information Engineering Supervision
According to the Interim Provisions on Information System Engineering Supervision issued by the Ministry of Information Industry, information system engineering supervision refers to the supervision and management of information system engineering project implementation by legally established and qualified information system engineering supervision units entrusted by the owner units in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, technical standards and information system engineering supervision contracts. The main business scope of information system supervision includes the construction, upgrading and transformation of information network system, information resource system and information application system. According to the practice of information system supervision in China, it covers computer engineering, network engineering, communication engineering, structured wiring engineering, intelligent building engineering, software engineering, system integration engineering and projects related to computer and information construction. The central task of supervision is to scientifically plan and control the investment, progress and quality of the project to ensure the smooth progress and quality of the project.
The implementation of information system supervision will help users solve the problems in the process of information system engineering construction, from demand analysis, scheme optimization, equipment selection to engineering supervision, quality control, organization and management, dispute mediation, etc., and effectively protect the interests of both parties in information system engineering construction.
Three similarities
There are many similarities between information engineering supervision and traditional construction engineering supervision:
3. 1 Two tasks are the same.
Engineering supervision is to effectively coordinate and control the objectives of engineering construction projects. Specifically, it is to carry out three controls (quality control, schedule control and investment control), two management (contract management and information management) and one coordination (overall organization and coordination) on the projects or projects determined by scientific planning.
3.2 Both have the same purpose.
Engineering supervision is to "strive" to achieve the goal of engineering construction projects. This is because the supervision unit and its supervision engineer can not directly achieve the project objectives. It is the common goal of all parties involved in the construction project to realize the construction project within the predetermined investment, construction period and quality objectives.
3.3 In the process of supervision, the basis of work is generally the same.
The basis of engineering supervision is the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts.
4 differences
There are also differences between information engineering supervision and construction engineering supervision:
4. 1 supervision unit intervention time and end time
The intervention time and end time of supervision units are different.
Traditional construction projects sometimes need preliminary feasibility demonstration, but the supervision companies of these traditional construction projects often intervene in the supervision work after the construction design of the projects is completed. Therefore, in traditional construction projects, the bidding of engineering supervision companies is often carried out after the bidding of construction units, while information engineering projects can only be started with the intervention of supervision institutions, which assist owners in organizing the bidding of construction and development units. Sometimes, after the project acceptance, the owner also requires the supervision unit to continue to assist in formulating the operation management system of information facilities. Therefore, the scope of information engineering supervision goes far beyond the scope of traditional construction engineering supervision, covering the whole process of information engineering projects from "feasibility study" to even from project approval to operation acceptance.
4.2 Project intermediate supervision content
In the middle of the project, the supervision content is also different.
In the middle of the project, the supervision of information system includes three parts: the supervision of construction and development (that is, integrated wiring, network system integration and application software development), and the supervision in the later stage of the project is mainly the supervision of trial operation and acceptance.
Compared with traditional construction engineering, information engineering has more contents of "software development", and the supervision of this content is also the biggest difficulty of information engineering supervision, which involves the supervision of intangible product design and development process, which is absolutely not available in traditional construction engineering supervision, and this is also the most essential difference between information engineering supervision and traditional construction engineering supervision.
4.3 Industry technical quality standards and specifications on which supervision work is based
There are differences between the two in the technical quality standards and norms of the industry on which the supervision work is based.
Traditional building projects use relatively mature building technology and art to build different buildings; Information engineering is to use the ever-changing information technology to "develop" different information systems.
Compared with traditional construction projects, there are no complete national quality standards and monitoring methods in the field of information engineering at present, but only some local data references, such as integrated wiring, software engineering and other local links with international and national standards and norms for reference. Therefore, in the process of construction supervision, it is often necessary to ask experts to recommend a manufacturer's enterprise standard or take a standard put forward in a technical forum as the quality standard of a specific project, and write it into the project contract with the consent of the owner and the developer, or negotiate with the developer to recommend a standard, which is considered feasible after research and established as a contract clause in writing.
4.4 Whether design supervision and construction supervision are separated
There are also differences on whether design supervision and construction supervision are separated.
The design and construction of traditional architectural engineering are separated. Generally, the architectural design institute is responsible for the design and the construction company is responsible for the construction. Therefore, the design supervision and engineering supervision of traditional building projects can be separated, and the center of supervision work is in the construction stage. The design, construction, system integration and development of information engineering are inseparable. Therefore, the supervision of information engineering is best to supervise the whole process of design, construction, system integration and development.
5 abstract
The traditional construction project supervision has been implemented for many years and accumulated rich and mature experience, which provides a reference model for the information technology industry to implement computer information engineering supervision. By comparing the similarities and differences between information engineering supervision and traditional construction engineering supervision, the development of information engineering supervision can be further promoted.
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