If the age is too young, the development of various parts of the mother is not yet mature, and the function of the neuroendocrine system is unstable, which is unfavorable to her own health and fetal development after pregnancy; If you are over 35 years old, your physical function, especially your reproductive function, will decline, your baby's deformity rate will increase, and there will be more chances of dystocia.
As the saying goes, "men should marry when they are older, and women should marry when they are older." The marriage law of China stipulates that the minimum age for marriage is 22 for men and 20 for women. This is based on the law of mature reproductive function of men and women. As early as more than 2000 years ago, it was clearly pointed out in the classic of traditional Chinese medicine Huangdi Neijing that women were about 14 years old. On the basis of abundant kidney-qi, Tiangui, a subtle substance that promotes human growth and reproduction, begins to mature and secrete, prompting menstruation to begin, and she can get pregnant. However, from 2/kloc-0 to 30 years old, the reproductive function is in a vigorous period, which is characterized by vigorous kidney qi. After the age of 35, due to the decline of kidney qi, Yangming qi and Sanyang pulse qi, the reproductive function gradually declined, and by the age of 49, there were no children.
It can be seen that according to the traditional theory of Chinese medicine, the best reproductive age for women is 2 1 to 28 years old, not more than 30 years old, especially between 25 and 29 years old.
pre-pregnancy preparation
1, folic acid and some micronutrients
Even if you have a balanced diet, it is difficult to ensure that you can get all the necessary nutrients from it. Folic acid deficiency is widespread among women of childbearing age in China and should be paid full attention to. You can buy folic acid supplements (or folic acid tablets) in pharmacies, and you can also take special multivitamins during pregnancy. However, it should be noted that if it is a multivitamin, it is necessary to ensure that its vitamin A content does not exceed the daily allowable retinol equivalent (RAE) of 0.77 mg (2,565 international units), unless it exists in the form of beta carotene, because excessive intake of vitamin A may lead to neonatal defects. If you are not sure which to eat, you must consult your doctor first.
According to your physical condition, increase the intake of some micronutrients: the lack of micronutrients such as calcium, iron and vitamin A not only affects women's health, but also directly affects the growth and development of the fetus, so women who plan to get pregnant should pay special attention to the supply of these nutrients. You can also ask a doctor to help you diagnose, fully understand your nutritional status, adjust your diet purposefully, and focus on increasing the intake of low-content nutrients in your body.
2. Say goodbye to alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
If you smoke or take drugs, please stop as soon as possible. A large number of studies show that smoking and drugs can lead to miscarriage, premature delivery and low birth weight. In addition, studies also show that smoking may affect reproductive capacity and male sperm count. In fact, even secondhand smoke can affect your chances of getting pregnant. Experts suggest that expectant mothers should avoid drinking alcohol during pregnancy, so it is best to reduce alcohol consumption before pregnancy, especially in the last two weeks of menstrual cycle, in case you get pregnant at this time.
Step 3 refuse caffeine
Studies have shown that excessive caffeine intake will hinder the absorption of iron and increase the risk of fetal death in utero. Therefore, it is best to quit caffeinated drinks such as coffee, tea and cola. But when you quit, you should pay attention to step by step, and don't quit completely at once to avoid a headache. If you are really addicted, limit yourself to only one drink a day, which is recognized as the safety limit by most experts.
Step 4 control your weight
If your weight is within the normal range, your chances of getting pregnant will be higher. Studies have shown that women with body mass index (BMI) below 20 or above 30 are less likely to get pregnant. Therefore, it is best to control your body mass index between 20 and 30 before pregnancy. Test your body mass index now.
Step 5 choose healthy food
Choosing healthy food from now on can reserve beneficial nutrition for the future baby's rearing environment. Eat as many fruits and vegetables as possible every day, lots of grains and foods rich in calcium, such as milk and yogurt. However, if you like eating fish very much, you should pay attention to the high mercury content in oily fish such as sharks, swordfish and mackerel (mercury usually exists in fish in the form of methylmercury), and intake of a large amount of methylmercury is harmful to the development of fetal brain. So, don't eat this fish more than twice a week.
6. Make and stick to a fitness plan.
According to the American Sports Medicine Association, a healthy fitness plan includes: 1) aerobic exercise for 20-60 minutes every day for 3-5 days a week, such as walking or cycling; 2) Muscle strengthening training, such as strength equipment training, 2-3 days a week; 3) Flexibility exercise for 2 ~ 3 days a week, such as daily stretching and yoga.
But if you don't like sports, you should start your fitness program step by step. Start with some relaxing activities, such as walking 10 ~ 20 minutes every day, or add some exercise in daily life, such as climbing stairs instead of taking the elevator, or get off one or two stops in advance and then walk.
Step 7 "date" with the dentist
While fully preparing for the future baby, don't forget your oral health care. More and more evidence shows that periodontal disease (bacterial infection affecting gum and periodontal bone tissue) may lead to premature delivery and low birth weight. In fact, a large study found that the probability of premature delivery of pregnant women with periodontal disease may increase by seven times. Another study shows that gum disease increases the risk of pregnant women suffering from preeclampsia, which is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension, water retention and proteinuria.
To make matters worse, hormonal changes during pregnancy can easily induce "gingivitis during pregnancy". After the levels of progesterone and estrogen increase, gums may react differently to bacterial stimulation in dental plaque, resulting in swelling, bleeding and pain. If you pay attention to dental health before pregnancy, you can effectively reduce the risk of dental disease during pregnancy.
Therefore, you should go to the dental department for a thorough oral examination and necessary treatment within 6 months before pregnancy, wash your teeth once, and receive health guidance from the dentist to ensure the health of your teeth during pregnancy, so as to avoid future troubles.
8. Check family health history
You and your husband can call their parents and other relatives to find out the situation. The key point is whether anyone in your family suffers from genetic or chromosomal variation diseases, such as Down syndrome, mental retardation, congenital birth defects and so on. When you go for a pre-pregnancy check-up, the doctor will also ask this question to determine whether you need a genetic test.
9. Do a pre-pregnancy check.
In the stage of pregnancy preparation, we must do a good job of pre-pregnancy examination first, which is the first step to decide whether to prepare for pregnancy or not, and also the key to ensure the baby's health in the future. Pre-pregnancy examination is generally recommended to start examination 3-6 months before pregnancy, including both husband and wife. The woman's pre-pregnancy examination is best carried out within 3-7 days after her menstruation is clean, and it is best not to share the same room before the examination. Once other problems are found in the pre-pregnancy examination, there is still time to intervene. Therefore, it is advisable to check before pregnancy at least 3 months in advance, and both husband and wife should do it at the same time.
Pre-pregnancy examination can help you find abnormalities before pregnancy, treat and avoid potential problems in time, adjust your body and mind to the best state, get pregnant in a planned way under the guidance of a doctor, reduce your baby's birth defects, and spend the pregnancy and delivery period safely.
If you don't have a pre-marital examination, the role of pre-pregnancy examination is even greater.
10, understand maternity insurance and maternity expenses.
Different regions have different maternity insurance policies. Taking Beijing as an example, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security stipulates that,
The Social Security Center officially implemented the maternity insurance policy from July 2005 1. As long as you have a Beijing work residence permit, you can enjoy Beijing maternity insurance benefits. Maternity insurance medical expenses payment standard is:
The limit of prenatal examination fee before the weekend of pregnancy 1 ~ 12 is 520 yuan; The limit of prenatal examination fee before the weekend of pregnancy 1 ~ 27 is 850 yuan; The limit of prenatal examination fee from pregnancy to delivery is 1400 yuan. The norm of medical expenses for natural delivery is 1900 yuan (a tertiary hospital), and that for caesarean section is 3,800 yuan (a tertiary hospital).
In addition, if you feel that there is a need for insurance during pregnancy, then the pregnancy preparation stage is the best stage for you to invest in insurance. Because the risk probability of pregnant women is much higher than that of normal people, the requirements of insurance companies for pregnant women are relatively strict at present. Generally, after 28 weeks of pregnancy, the insurance company will not accept it and ask for an extension to 8 weeks after delivery.
However, if you are insured at the stage of preparing for pregnancy, you can apply for female health insurance, which can protect the diseases during pregnancy and protect the risks during childbirth. However, it should be reminded that this kind of insurance generally has a waiting period of 90 ~ 180 days or even longer. If an insurance accident occurs during the waiting period, the insurance company will not settle the claim.
1 1, keep a healthy mind.
Experts point out that women's fertility is half lower than normal when they are depressed.
If you or your family members have a history of depression, or you feel that you have signs of depression, such as losing interest in what you used to like to do, loss of appetite, poor sleep and so on. , you can consult a psychologist or psychiatrist. If you need to take medicine, the doctor will help you choose antidepressants that can be taken safely before and during pregnancy. You can also try other ways to reduce stress, such as yoga and meditation. The survey shows that these methods are also beneficial to improve your mood.