The equipment configuration of VTS varies with the level of VTS system. A complete VTS system shall be equipped with the following main equipment.
(1) radar monitoring system. According to the different tasks of VTS, the resolution and detection distance of radar are different, and the equipped radars range from the simplest marine radar to complex and specially designed shore-based radar. The area covered by a large-scale VTS system usually consists of several scattered radar stations. Radar signals are transmitted to VTS center through coaxial cable, microwave relay or optical fiber. Radar data processing includes automatic acquisition and tracking of radar targets and data processing in the process of multi-radar tracking.
(2) communication system. There are many communication modes in VTS and many frequencies of voice communication, but most VTS are based on VHF.
(3) Computer system. The computers in VTS are connected into a network, and the computers are mainly used for non-real-time off-line operations such as radar data processing, VHF direction finding data processing, ship data processing and remote sensing data processing. Ship data can be divided into three categories: ① fixed data, which often refers to data that will not change during the ship's life cycle, such as ship name, call sign and ship scale. ② Change data refers to valid data within a voyage, such as departure port, destination port, cargo, draft, etc. ③ Dynamic data refers to constantly changing data, such as ship speed and course. In addition, there are VHF direction finding, data recording equipment, closed-circuit television, remote sensing devices and navigation equipment.
3.VTS's service and supervision of ships
According to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization, all ships using VTS should meet the requirements of SOLAS. Before arriving at the port where VTS is implemented, we should pay attention to the following points: ① Read the publications issued by the VTS authorities carefully to understand the local water traffic rules and other relevant regulations; (2) Ensure that the ship's navigation AIDS and communication equipment are in normal working condition; ③ Pay attention to relevant news released by VTS Center according to regulations; (four) according to the provisions of the competent VTS authorities, correct and timely report the relevant information to the VTS center; ⑤ Under normal circumstances, the navigation plan agreed by both the ship and VTS Center will not change; ⑥ Report the accident to VTS center quickly and accurately; ⑦ When arriving or leaving the VTS area, the arrival and final report shall be made to the VTS center.
(3) Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is a global communication network that conforms to the provisions of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (1979). It should be able to meet the requirements of reliable alarm, identification and positioning of ships in distress, coordinated communication between rescue units, rescue site communication, reliable and timely preventive measures and daily communication.
1. Call the police.
Ship-shore alarm means that the ship in distress sends an alarm to the rescue coordination center (RCC) on the shore; Ship-to-ship alarm, that is, an alarm sent by a ship in distress to a nearby ship; Shore-to-ship alarm means that the shore station gives an alarm to the ship near the ship in distress. The alarm information should include the identification code of the ship in distress (internationally unified nine-digit decimal number identification code), the location of distress, the nature of distress and other information that is helpful for search and rescue.
Step 2 communicate
Communication includes two-way communication between the search and rescue coordination center and search and rescue units such as ships, ships and planes in distress through shore platforms or shore platforms. Communication between ships and planes participating in the rescue at the search and rescue site. GMDSS system can also carry out communication between ships that meet during normal navigation and related business communication.
Find a location
Ships or lifeboats in distress send out radio signals through emergency positioning radio beacon (EPIRB) or other equipment, which is convenient for rescue ships and aircraft to find.
4. Broadcast maritime safety information
GMDSS system can provide the means to issue navigation warnings, weather forecasts and other emergency information to ensure navigation safety. In order to realize the above functions, GMDSS system adopts two systems: one is satellite communication system and the other is ground communication system.
(four) special goods and dangerous goods transportation management.
1. Transportation management of heavy goods
Heavy goods refer to goods with excessive quality, volume or size. According to China's regulations, in ocean transportation, any single cargo with a mass of more than 5t or a length of more than 9m; In coastal transportation, a single cargo with a mass exceeding 3t or a length exceeding 12m is an important cargo. According to international standards, all goods that are super high or super wide, such as vehicles, large complete sets of equipment, containers, speedboats, etc. An important cargo is one whose single mass exceeds 40t, or whose length exceeds 12m, or whose height and width exceed 3m. Due to the large volume and mass of heavy goods, there are special requirements for stability calculation, local strength calculation and reinforcement and binding during shipment. Before shipment, on the one hand, we should carefully review the quantity, single piece quality, center of gravity position, shape, size, packaging, lifting point position and shipping requirements of important goods. Then, according to the lifting weight of the ship, hull structure, cargo space, the local strength of the stern or hatch cover, whether large cargo can be loaded is examined, and finally, the stowage diagram and lifting diagram (including the estimated heeling angle, etc.) are given. ), preparation of padding plan and steel binding plan. In order to ensure the safety of ships and cargo during transportation, it is necessary to calculate the influence of heavy cargo on the stability of ships and the local stress of ships. The heavy goods loaded on board, the heaving of the ship caused by pitching, rolling and waves, the wind force on the heavy goods loaded on the deck, and the deviation of the center of gravity of the goods caused by the inclined surface of the ship all make the goods suffer additional forces. In order to avoid the movement of goods during navigation, it is necessary to reinforce and bind the goods to overcome the above-mentioned forces on the goods when the ship is moving.