From the 20th year of Daoguang to the 10th year of Xianfeng (1840- 1860), Peking Opera was formed by the confluence of Hui Opera, Qin Opera and Han Opera, absorbing the strengths of Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera. One of its signs: the tune is complete and rich, surpassing any of the three major operas of Hui, Qin and Han. Singing is a mixture of banqiang and Qupai styles. The vocal cavity is mainly Huang Er and Xipi; Second, the business is generally complete; Third, a number of Peking Opera plays have been formed. Fourthly, Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng and Zhang Erkui are the representative figures in the early stage of Peking Opera, and they are called "old pedant, three outstanding figures" and "three Ding Jia", namely Zhang Erkui, Cheng Changgeng and Yu Sansheng.
Henan Opera has been continuously inherited, reformed and innovated on the basis of Henan Bangzi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Henan was called Henan Opera for short. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Henan Opera has formed five major tunes, namely, Xiangfu tune (centered on Kaifeng), Eastern Henan tune (centered on Shangqiu), Western Henan tune (centered on Luoyang), Shahe tune (centered on Shahe Valley, namely, southeast Henan and northern Anhui) and high-key tune (centered on Heze).
Yue Opera originated in Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, originated in Shanghai, flourished in the whole country and spread all over the world. During its development, it absorbed the achievements of Kunqu opera, traditional Chinese opera and Shao opera, and experienced the historical evolution from men's Shaoxing opera to women's Shaoxing opera. Yue Opera is good at expressing emotion, focusing on singing, with beautiful voice, real and moving performance, beautiful and elegant, and full of Jiangnan spirit; Most of them are dramas with the theme of "gifted scholars and beautiful women", and there are many artistic schools, among which 13 are recognized. On March 27th, 1906, in front of the Xiangting Hall in Dongwang Village, Shengxian County, singers from Yuan, Li Maozheng, Gao, Gao and others borrowed four rice buckets from the building, fitted them with door panels, and performed the short play "Ten Pieces", "Lost Tea" and the drama "Double Golden Flowers" (the second half). This is the first audition of China Yue Opera, and Yue Opera (formerly known as "Xiao Ge Ban") was born, which is called the birth day of Yue Opera.
Huangmei opera originated from the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area at the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was introduced to Huaining County, Anhui Province and other surrounding areas, and combined with local folk arts, it was sung and sung in Anqing dialect, which gradually developed into a new kind of drama. It was once called "Huai Opera" and "Hui Opera". Huangmei Opera is simple and fluent in singing, good at lively lyricism and rich in expressive force. The performance is simple and meticulous, and it is famous for its truthfulness and vividness.
Pingju is a traditional opera that spreads in northern China. It was formed on the basis of the ditty Duiluo in Luanxian County, Hebei Province in the late Qing Dynasty. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei province, and then entered Tangshan, and was called "Tangshan Xiazi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, the performance of Pingju became more and more mature, and schools such as "Bai", "Bai", "Picking Lotus" and "Ai Lianjun" appeared.
In the past half century, there are five kinds of operas that have been widely circulated and have the largest audience, namely, Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Henan Opera, Yue Opera and Huangmei Opera, which are also called "the five major operas".
1 Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic tones, Xipi and Huang Er, and also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Drum Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. 1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". It is still a big drama with national influence. It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum.
Characters: "Old Student Three Masters": Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng and Zhang Erkui.
Tan Xinpei, Wang Qiufen and Sun Juxian: "Old Students, New Three Masters"
"Four Famous Dan": Mei Lanfang, Gou Huisheng, Cheng and Shang Xiaoyun.
Representative works: Dragon and Phoenix, Cheng Xiang, Ten Old Friends, Liu Shirang, Visiting Mother, etc.
2, Pingju, Luanxian County, Hebei Province, in the late Qing Dynasty, was based on the ditty "Lotus Falling to the Opposite Side", which was first popular in rural areas of Hebei Province and later introduced to Tangshan, and was called "Tangshan Luozi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, Pingju became more and more mature, and schools such as Bai, Cailian and Ai Lianjun appeared. After 1950, Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Yang Sanjie's Complaints, Qin Xianglian and other plays had a great influence throughout the country, with new, famous and famous actors appearing. Pingju is still very popular in Hebei and Beijing.
3. Henan Opera, also known as "Henan Bangzi". Shaanxi Bangzi, which was introduced to Henan in the late Ming Dynasty, was developed by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. At first, there were four schools, namely Eastern Henan, Western Henan, Xiangfu and Sha Hetiao. At present, eastern Henan and western Henan are the main areas. Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin and other famous actresses appeared in succession. The repertoires include Mu in Command, Matchmaker, Hua Da Chao, Hua Zhuan Gun and modern drama Chaoyanggou.
4. Yue Opera, a local opera popular in Zhejiang. Originated in "Duban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, it entered Shanghai around 19 16 and performed in the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". First it was dominated by actors, then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, use the name "Yue Opera". During the period of 1942, the actors of Yue Opera, led by Yuan Xuefen, reformed their performance and singing, absorbed the advantages of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. There are many artistic schools, such as Yuan (Xuefen) School, Yin () School, Fan (Ruijuan) School, Fu (Quanxiang) School and Xu (Yulan) School. Yue operas include Xianglinsao, butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, Five Birthday Women, The West Chamber and so on.
Huangmei Opera originated in Anhui and is popular in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. Its predecessor was the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, a folk opera called "Huangmei tune" was formed, which was sung in Anqing dialect. In 1950s, under the reform of Yan Fengying and others, Anhui Opera became more and more mature and developed into an Anhui local opera. Famous plays include Fairy Couple, Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Ma Xu, among which Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong and Malan are famous actors in Huangmei Opera.