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? Emil read through the essays.
? Rousseau was a great French enlightenment thinker in the18th century. Emile is his important work and the first novel-style educational masterpiece. Written in 1757, it was first published in Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1762, which caused a sensation in France and some bourgeois countries in western Europe and had a great influence. In this book, Rousseau opposed the feudal education system, and expounded his bourgeois education thought by educating Emile, the educational object he envisioned. After reading this book, I want to talk about my feelings and some comments after reading this book.
? Emile is a monograph on education, which briefly describes Rousseau's unique and free educational thought and is a classic work on children's education. Although Rousseau was criticized for this book when he was alive, his unique educational thought not only had a far-reaching impact on the later educational theory, but also became the driving force of the French Revolution. The full text embodies Rousseau's educational thought of conforming to nature, and conveys to readers his educational idea of respecting children and conforming to nature at all stages of education.
? I agree with Rousseau's view in Emile that children should develop naturally according to their own nature. Rousseau believes that education follows nature and conforms to children's nature, and should not interfere with children and impose adult thinking on them. Now young parents feel the increasingly fierce competition in society, and are afraid that their children will lose at the starting line and even be eliminated by society in the future. Therefore, they are eager for their children's success. They accompany their children to shuttle between different types of instrumental music, art, dance and English, and arbitrarily occupy their children's play time without considering their thoughts. Children should be allowed to grow freely. Any social interference with children will make them feel unfree, unequal and even sinful. Any way of education that goes against nature will lead to the abnormal development of children and have serious consequences. Children are not containers that can be shaped and filled at will, not whiteboards, but "natural beings" with their fixed laws. In our educational life, we should educate children as living people. Any teaching that violates the law of students' physical and mental development is inhuman and cannot exist for a long time. "Everything is good from the creator, but once it is held, it becomes bad." Therefore, Rousseau strongly advocated that children should be kept away from society, return to nature, see and listen in the natural environment and not accept secular influences before their understanding has developed. Let them run freely and laugh heartily. Return to nature, let children adopt the aura of heaven and earth, gather the essence of the sun and the moon, and cultivate children's spirituality and personality. Reflecting on our education, in the dead of night, I feel like I am training a machine to cope with exams.
? About Sex Education in Emile: Sex Education Because sexual arousal is the characteristic of adolescence, Rousseau pays more attention to sex education for teenagers than any educator in the history of education. He advocates proper education on sexual morality and knowledge during the sexual maturity of teenagers, so that teenagers can have a correct understanding of the natural development of "sex" and thus be able to "behave correctly". Rousseau opposed both asceticism and sensualism, and advocated conforming to the natural development, neither blindly restraining nor being overly excited. In order to prevent precocious puberty, Rousseau believes that teenagers should be kept away from improper temptations. Teachers should use appropriate work and activities to attract teenagers' attention and relax their energy. When talking about children's curiosity about sex, Rousseau stressed that they should not be given the opportunity to arouse, let alone stimulate his curiosity, and should try their best to avoid problems involving sexual life. But if such a question is raised, the teacher "would rather keep silent to the child than accuse him of lying." This will not surprise children, because the teacher never answers questions that he thinks are not suitable for children to understand. If you think it is necessary to answer, then "your answer must always be solemn, simple and clear;" Don't show hesitation. The content of the answer should be true, don't say it. " (Emile, page 177) Rousseau criticized the past education for deceiving children on sexual issues, thinking that it would encourage children to learn improper sexual knowledge. For the love between men and women, Rousseau believes that it should not be an obstacle to rational education, but a means of rational education. He believes that human beings should always look for suitable tools to control nature from nature itself, and can only use the power of desire to resist the tyranny of desire. He said, "I'm not afraid to let Emil have the love he craves. I want to describe love as the greatest happiness in life and make him feel contemptible for his lewd behavior. I want him to be both a lover and a good man. "These views have had a far-reaching impact on the implementation of correct sex education in later countries.
? In short, in Emily, the author's longing for "freedom" is expressed between the lines, so it is particularly emphasized that education should be based on nature, not people-oriented, and the object of education should be people created by nature, not people. From today's perspective, these thoughts inevitably have their limitations: "nature" is also bound. If people's body and mind are allowed to develop freely, children can't learn systematic scientific and cultural knowledge. Therefore, we can't unilaterally increase children's learning pressure, just like steel is hard and fragile. Anything beyond a certain limit will often have a negative impact. Our education system should strive to reform the nature of teachers in Rousseau's Emile, so as to make our education more reasonable. However, this defect cannot be concealed in. Rousseau educated his beloved son with equality and fraternity. This imaginary orphan lives happily in a free world that is not forced. I hope every student is a happy "Emily".
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? Emil read through the essays.
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? Emile is an unusual educational book. The first sentence at the beginning makes people feel that it is a cultural crystallization with profound philosophy and boiling feelings. "Everything that comes from the creator's hand is good, but when it comes to people's hands, it goes bad." Unabashedly expressed his belief that human nature is good, the purpose of education is to cultivate natural people, and the materials and methods of education should be reformed to conform to children's nature and let children develop physically and mentally freely.
? Rousseau asked Emile to learn games, planting and carpentry. What children at this stage need is the happiness brought by sensory experience, and games are the best means to achieve this happiness. Mr. Lu Xun, a great writer in China, said that games are the most legitimate but most legitimate behavior of children. I agree with Rousseau on this point. Rousseau also believes that a child should continue to maintain a lively character through games.
? However, in our current family education, many parents' desire of "children want to smoke their hearts and women want to smoke their hearts" is too urgent. They want their children to learn more knowledge than others in as little time as possible, which takes up most of their play time. Education in our school, whether it is high school education, junior high school education, primary school education or even kindergarten education, seems to meet the needs of exams and the temporary needs of society and parents.
? Rousseau's Emile can be regarded as an education of human nature. What is the purpose of human understanding education? I have always believed that people understand that the purpose of education is to get more happiness. Rousseau's view of education is "natural education", that is, education is based on children's natural nature. We might as well use Rousseau's "nature education" to make children obey the development of "nature". Don't let them know things that don't matter to them too early, but let them play to their fullest. Only in this way can we achieve a balance between supply and demand and develop naturally.
? I found that parents seem to think that academic performance is the only thing related to children at present. "Don't mind other things." But what do children really deserve? People only think about how to protect their children, which is not enough. We should teach him how to protect himself as an adult, how to bear the blow of fate, how to ignore luxury and poverty, and how to live in any environment.
? Life is not breathing, but activity, that is, using our organs, using our feelings, using our talents, using all the parts of us that make us feel our existence. The person who lives the most benefits is not the person who lives the oldest, but the person who feels the deepest about life. Although he died at the age of 100, it means that he died at birth. If he lived the most useless life until the moment of his death, he might as well go to the grave when he was young.
? Teach students to experience life, to think, to discover beauty, to examine ugliness, and to discover the value of living through thinking. As Suhomlinski said, even if you are a blacksmith in the future, you should be a blacksmith who can think rationally. I think this is the real value of our education. Every educator should start from me, and from today on, abandon traditional ideas, resist the pressure of "amateurs", break through the cage of judging people and employing people, put people first, fully tap the factors of each student's sustainable development, and let each student develop. Only in this way can education be truly successful and China's education be in an invincible position in the East.
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? Emil read through the essays.
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? Mr Rousseau is not a stranger. His masterpiece On Social Contract and Montesquieu's On the Spirit of Law are both required reading books for law colleagues. The theories of "equality, freedom" and "natural human rights" put forward by him in On Social Contract are also reflected in the educational book Emile.
? First, children should grow naturally, but they can't satisfy their desires without restraint.
? "Feeling is the only source of his knowledge, and he wants to touch and touch everything"; Therefore, nature is the origin of children, and children are naturally interested in everything and naturally imitate the words and deeds of adults; Therefore, the child itself does not need education, and he or she can naturally learn and educate himself or herself. Excessive adult intervention is the main reason why education deviates from its origin.
? "They want to rely on first, and then they want to guide others. However, this phenomenon is not natural. " At the same time, children are born extremely intelligent, or human beings are born extremely intelligent; If they find that they can do whatever they want, they can get benefits by crying, coquetry, complaining and accusing. Naturally, they will not realize their own interests through their own efforts, but will obviously maximize their own interests through other easier ways. Therefore, when he (she) understands that it is really painful, he (she) seeks help instead of using others as his crutches, which is doomed to be fast and not far away.
? The rules of the adult world should also follow this principle, otherwise strange things will happen, and more benefits can be obtained through extra-legal channels, which may lead to a vicious circle.
? In addition, parents should not worry. When it is time to walk, he (she) will naturally learn to walk. When it is time to speak, he or she will learn to speak; What parents can do is not to walk or talk for him (her), but to create opportunities for practice and let him (her) learn naturally, such as Rousseau's mask practice, for example, we slowly learned to skip rope when we were young.
? Anxiety about walking, skipping rope, performance, work and marriage. These anxieties are all the same problem, and concern is chaotic. The way of nature and the way of conforming to the trend are the original ways to solve problems.
? Second, children should be treated equally, although this is easier said than done.
? If a child grows naturally, he (she) should be able to take care of himself/herself independently and stand naturally without crutches. Then as an independent person, he or she deserves the respect of his or her parents. But objectively, it is difficult for most parents, including myself, to treat them equally, just as we are not treated equally by others in society or often cannot treat others equally.
? In contemporary society, the method of pursuing efficiency and achieving goals quickly is widely publicized and used, and with intentional or unintentional anxiety, everyone becomes eager for quick success and instant benefit. Whether it's class registration or homework time, whether it's taking care of ourselves or buying clothes, we always treat our children unfairly under the excuse of "I'm doing it for you" and force each other for quick success and instant benefit. And when a person cannot be treated equally, true independence will not fall from the sky; Real growth cannot be achieved by coercion; This is exactly what we want to practice. Only by doing this can we truly achieve the unity of knowing and doing!
? Emil will eventually grow up and live independently in this world. I hope he (she) is naturally independent, can treat others equally, and can be treated equally by others! What we can do is to create the above conditions as much as possible.