① Taking behavior as the research object of psychology eliminates the subjectivity of traditional psychology and adheres to the objective principle of general science.
(2) The objective observation method has been developed, which makes psychology better and better in methods. Watson's viewpoint of predicting and controlling behavior has promoted the development of applied psychology, and his viewpoint of environmental determinism has influenced American psychology for 30 years.
American psychologist, the main representative of new behaviorism. 1904 was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, USA, and was interested in animal and human behavior since childhood. 1922 majoring in literature, Hamilton College, new york, with a bachelor's degree in English. After that, he went to Harvard University to specialize in psychology and studied under the famous psychologist E G Brin at that time. He received a master's degree in psychology and a doctor's degree in philosophy at 1930 and193, respectively. After that, he worked as a researcher at Harvard University for five years. 1936 ——1944 lecturer and associate professor of the university of Minnesota. During World War II, he participated in the secret combat plan of the US military, and trained pigeons to control missiles and torpedoes through combat conditioning. 1945 became the head of the Department of Psychology at Indiana University. 1948 returned to Harvard University as a tenured professor of psychology. 1990 died in Boston on August 8, 2008. His major works in his life are Organism Behavior (1938), Science and Human Behavior (1953), Speech Act (1957), Intensive Program (1957) and Teaching Technology.
His main contribution is to develop Pavlov's classical conditioning theory and put forward the principle of operational conditioning. The "program teaching" and "teaching machine" designed and invented by him were all the rage in the 1960s, which had a far-reaching impact on the western education field. He has made outstanding contributions in the field of psychotherapy and children's behavior correction, and is one of the founders of behavior correction technology.
Pan Wei (1897 ~ 1988)
China psychologist. Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1897 was born in Yixing, Jiangsu province on July 3rd, and1988 died in Beijing on March 26th. 1920 graduated from philosophy department of Peking University. 192 1 ~ 1927 studied in the United States and obtained a master's degree from Indiana University and a doctorate from the University of Chicago. After returning to China, he has served as professor and head of the Department of Psychology of the School of Science of Central University, professor, president and head of the Department of Psychology of Nanjing University, researcher, director and honorary director of the Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, chairman of the Chinese Psychological Society, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Psychology, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society, and member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Engaged in psychology teaching and research for more than 60 years, he is one of the main founders of modern psychology in China. He has taught general psychology, experimental psychology, social psychology and theoretical psychology successively, and trained a large number of talents for the development of psychology in China. In his early years, he engaged in experimental research on memory, illusion and Chinese character perception; Later, he mainly devoted himself to the study of the basic theory of psychology, and proposed that psychology is different from natural science and social science, but an intermediate science with duality. He divides psychological activities into intentional activities and cognitive activities, which is different from the traditional three-part system of knowledge, emotion and meaning. He put forward profound and original opinions on important issues in psychology, such as consciousness, the relationship between body and mind, personality and so on, and formed his own theoretical system. He is the author of Introduction to Psychology, Basis of Social Psychology, Application of Psychology, Educational Psychology, Human Intelligence, Psychological Notes, etc.
Chen Heqin, a modern educator in China. 1892 was born on March 5th. People from Guanbai Town, Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province. He lost his father at the age of six and entered a private school at the age of eight. 15 years old, was sponsored by her brother-in-law to enter Hangzhou Huilan Middle School. 19 1 1 He entered Shanghai St. John's University in February of the third year and transferred to Beijing Tsinghua School in the autumn of the same year (1928 was renamed Tsinghua). 19 14 (3 years of the Republic of China) graduated in August. In the same year, accompanied by Tao Xingzhi, he was admitted to the United States to study abroad at public expense ("Geng Kuan"), studied at Johns Hopkins University and Columbia University successively, and obtained a master's degree in education from Teachers College of Columbia University.
1965438+returned to China in August 2009. After returning to China, he became a professor at Nanjing Normal University. 192 1 published the method of intelligence test edited by Chen Heqin and Liao Shicheng, and introduced the intelligence test in detail. Chen Heqin is a scholar who knows, acts, writes and speaks, that is, combines research, practice or publication with each other. At the same time, study children, run kindergartens, implement early childhood education in their own homes, and preach child psychology and early childhood education. 1922 published "Stylistic and Applied Vocabulary", which was the first Chinese character frequency search material and initiated the scientific research on the number of Chinese characters in China. It promoted the compilation of primary school textbooks and the popularization of education, and also provided a written basis for Tao Xingzhi and Zhu Jingnong to compile the textbook A Thousand Words for Shu Ren. From 65438 to 0923, he served as professor and dean of educational affairs of Southeast University, and founded Nanjing Gulou Kindergarten. From 65438 to 0925, based on the materials accumulated in teaching, research, observation and experiment, he wrote Research on Children's Psychology (Volume I and Volume II), which was published by the Commercial Press. The first chapter "Looking at a Child's Development with Photography" published 86 photos of his son Chen Yiming from one and a half months to two years and seven months, which showed the baby's development process and aroused great interest of readers. This was an advanced research method at that time. The test research of children's psychology was introduced to China earlier. During his teaching in Southeast University from 65438 to 0927, he was concurrently the dean of the Second Hospital of Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School founded by Tao Xingzhi and the head of the school education department of Nanjing Special City Education Bureau, and established the system of Nanjing Education Experimental Zone. Together with Tao Xingzhi, he founded Sakura Village Kindergarten and opened up a rural naive education base. Co-published the article "Our Proposition" with Zhang Zonglin, and put forward the suggestion of 15 on establishing kindergartens suitable for China's national conditions and children's characteristics. He also initiated the establishment of the China Early Childhood Education Research Association, and founded the monthly magazine "Early Childhood Education" which specializes in early childhood education.
From 1928 to 1939, he served as the director of Chinese Education Department of Shanghai Public Concession Ministry (1928.9) and founded many primary schools, kindergartens and middle schools. 1939 president of Ren Zhonghua children's education society. 1940, Jiangxi Provincial Preschool Normal School was established as the principal. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, under the call of the China Producers' Party's Anti-Japanese National United Front, he devoted himself to progressive cultural activities and the work of resisting Japan and saving the country, served as the director of the Shanghai Refugee Education Committee and the director of the Refugee Education Unit of the National Defense Relief Society, and founded the Relief Society Middle School, the Children's Nursery and the Newsboy School. The following year, the monthly magazine Life Education was published. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the director of the Education Bureau of Shanghai Supervision Office. 1945 returned to Shanghai as the director of the supervision office of the Education Bureau, took over the primary and secondary schools run by foreigners, founded Shanghai Naive Normal School, and later renamed Shanghai Women's Normal School). 1946 concurrently serves as the president of National Naive Teachers College and the chairman of Shanghai Branch of Life Education Society. He has served as the principal and chairman of the board of directors of Shanghai Wuzhong Middle School, Huamo Middle School and Newsboy Primary School founded by Zhong * * *. /kloc-0 went to the Philippines in April, 1948 to give a lecture at the Manila Summer School Teachers' Seminar. In August, I went to the Czech Republic to attend the World Conference on Children's Education. On the eve of liberation, he was arrested twice by Kuomintang agents. In the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), he was arrested twice by the national government authorities and released by the presidents of five universities in Shanghai. In August, he served as Dean of Teachers College of Central University. In September, he attended the first plenary meeting in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a member of the Culture and Education Committee of the State Council of the Central People's Government, the Culture and Education Committee of East China Military and Political Committee, and the Character Reform Committee. In the early days of liberation (1949— 1952), Chen Heqin was a principal in chunhui middle school. 195 1 year to join the Jiu San Society. He was elected member and vice-chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference for one to five sessions, member and deputy director of Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference, member and deputy director of Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress, member of the Central Committee of Jiu San Society, director of Nanjing Branch, honorary president of China Education Society and honorary president of National Early Childhood Education Research Association. President of Nanjing Normal University. Member of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Vice-Chairman of Jiangsu Province.
Since the early 1950s, due to the influence of "Left" ideological trend, his life education thought has been wrongly criticized. He himself was wrongly criticized in 1958, and his thoughts on children's education were completely denied. From 65438 to 0959, he had to leave his long-cherished preschool education. After the Cultural Revolution, Mr. Chen Heqin was rehabilitated. In addition to holding some important positions in society and government, he was also elected as honorary chairman of the National Early Childhood Education Research Association. 198 1 61 children's day, although he was seriously ill, he still did not forget his children and wrote an inscription for them: "All for children, all for education, all for the four modernizations." In 1982, he wrote the heartfelt words of "I love children, and children love me", even when it is very difficult to say. It can be seen that Mr. Chen Heqin devoted his whole life to the cause of children's education in the motherland and is worthy of being a famous early childhood educator. After 1979, he served as deputy director of the Standing Committee of Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress, honorary president of China Education Association and honorary chairman of the National Early Childhood Education Research Association. His main works include Research on Child Psychology, Family Education, My Half-life, etc. He co-authored "Intelligence Test Methods" and "Test Summary". And put them into Chen Heqin's educational anthology. Chen Heqin died in Nanjing. 9 1 year.
Chen Heqin put forward the theory of life education. Attach importance to scientific experiments and advocate that the development of children's education in China should suit the national conditions and conform to the laws of children's physical and mental development; Call for the establishment of a training system for children's education teachers. Write dozens of kindergarten and primary school textbooks and children's extracurricular reading materials, and design and promote toys, teaching AIDS and juvenile group equipment. Initiate and organize the Early Childhood Education Research Association, China Children's Education Society and other organizations to edit publications such as Early Childhood Education, Primary School Teachers, Life Education, Early Childhood Education and Essays on Early Childhood Education. I have been engaged in a series of pioneering research and practice of early childhood education all my life. In 9 years, the first child was born. From the first day, continuous observation and experiment were carried out, and detailed words and photos were recorded, which lasted for 808 days. /kloc-published "Research on Children's Psychology" in 0/4, which is the earliest monograph on the study of children's psychology by tracing method in China. In view of the bad habits of reading and teaching for thousands of years, it is of great influence to put forward the requirements of living reading and teaching. His major works include Family Education, Research on Child Psychology, Kindergarten Curriculum, The Road of Early Childhood Education in China, Introduction to the History of Education, etc. The complete works of Chen Heqin have been published.