Source: China Environment News, April 28, 2006.
All-China Federation of Environment
With the reform and development of China's socialist democratic politics, non-governmental organizations from all walks of life have flourished and become a third-party force outside the government and enterprises. The most active environmental NGOs have become an important force to promote the development and progress of environmental protection in China and the world.
In order to promote the healthy development of environmental NGOs, with the strong support of the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the China Environmental Protection Federation organized and carried out the "Investigation on the Status of Environmental NGOs in China" for the first time nationwide from July to June, 2005.
General situation of development
Environmental NGOs in China experienced three stages: from 1978 to the early 1990s, environmental NGOs in China experienced the birth and rise stage; From 1995 to the beginning of this century, they extended their environmental protection work to communities and grass-roots units and entered a development stage; At the beginning of this century, their activities gradually developed into organizing public participation in environmental protection, making suggestions for national environmental protection, carrying out social supervision and safeguarding public environmental rights and interests. Environmental NGOs have entered a mature stage.
Environmental non-governmental organizations are non-governmental organizations that aim at environmental protection, are not for profit, and have no administrative power to provide environmental public welfare services for the society.
The birth and rising stage of environmental NGOs in China: 1978 In May, the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences was established, which was the earliest environmental NGO initiated by government departments. Subsequently, 199 1, Panjin Black-billed Gull Protection Association of Liaoning Province was registered and established, 1994, and "Friends of Nature" was established in Beijing. Since then, environmental NGOs have been established in China.
Development stage of environmental NGOs in China: 1995, Friends of Nature launched the action to protect Yunnan golden monkey and Tibetan antelope, which was the first climax of the development of environmental NGOs in China. During this period, environmental NGOs launched a series of publicity activities from the perspective of species protection that the public cares about, and established a good public image of environmental NGOs. From 65438 to 0999, the "Beijing Global Village" cooperated with the Beijing Municipal Government to successfully carry out the green community pilot project, and China environmental protection NGOs began to enter the community, extending their environmental protection work to the grassroots level, which was gradually understood and accepted by the public.
The mature stage of environmental NGOs in China: the "Nujiang hydropower dispute" in 2003 and the "26-degree air conditioning" action in 2005 made many environmental NGOs start joint actions to achieve the consistent goals of environmental and economic development. Environmental NGOs in China have moved from the initial single organization to the era of mutual cooperation. The activities of environmental protection NGOs have gradually developed from early environmental propaganda and protection of specific species to organizing public participation in environmental protection, making suggestions for national environmental protection, carrying out social supervision, safeguarding public environmental rights and promoting sustainable development.
Basic situation
There are 2,768 environmental NGOs in China, with a total of 224,000 employees, including 69,000 full-time employees and 55,000 part-time employees/kloc-0. Environmental NGOs in China are characterized by many young people, high academic level, strong enterprising spirit and wide influence. About 80% are young people under the age of 30, more than 50% are college graduates or above, and 9 1.7% of the volunteers who participate in environmental protection activities are free of charge.
There are four types of environmental NGOs in China. First, environmental protection non-governmental organizations initiated by government departments, such as China Environmental Protection Federation, China Environmental Protection Foundation, China Association for the Promotion of Environmental Culture, local environmental science society, environmental protection industry association, wildlife protection association, etc. Second, environmental NGOs formed spontaneously by the people, such as Friends of Nature, Global Village and other NGOs engaged in environmental protection activities in a non-profit way; Third, the student environmental protection association and its consortium, including the environmental protection association of the school and the consortium of several schools; Fourthly, international environmental NGOs are in China.
By the end of 2005, there were 2,768 environmental NGOs in China. Among the existing organizations, there are 1382 environmental protection non-governmental organizations initiated by government departments, accounting for 49.9%; There are 202 environmental protection non-governmental organizations spontaneously formed by the people, accounting for 7.3%; Students' environmental protection associations and their consortia116, accounting for 40.3%; There are 68 international environmental NGOs in China, accounting for 2.5%.
Geographical distribution The distribution of environmental NGOs in China is mainly concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing and the eastern coastal areas. Followed by Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces rich in ecological resources; There are relatively few environmental NGOs in other regions.
China's environmental NGOs are generally sound. 85.8% of environmental protection non-governmental organizations implement the membership system, and the member congress is the highest authority, and the Council, the standing Council and the chairman are elected through democratic elections. In 2005, 97.7% of environmental NGOs held at least one board meeting. 88.4% of environmental NGOs have written articles of association.
When there are differences of opinion in decision-making, most environmental NGOs initiated by government departments make the final decision by the board of directors, while voluntary NGOs, international environmental organizations in China and student environmental organizations prefer the core members to make the decision.
Registration China's current Regulations on the Registration of Social Organizations stipulates that non-governmental organizations "should be examined and approved by their competent business units" and "have more than 50 individual members or more than 30 unit members" before they can be registered in the civil affairs department. Restricted by the above conditions, the official registration rate of environmental NGOs in civil affairs departments at all levels in China is low, only 23.3%; 63.9% are registered in the company (the Student Environmental Protection Association is registered in the school) or are private non-enterprises in industrial and commercial registration; There are also some environmental NGOs that have not gone through any registration procedures.
Personnel There are 224,000 employees in environmental protection NGOs in China, including 69,000 full-time employees and 6,543,800 part-time employees. The scale of environmental NGOs in China is generally small, with an average of only about 25 full-time staff per environmental NGO. Nearly 30% of spontaneous environmental protection organizations have only part-time staff, but no full-time staff.
The most common source of funds for environmental NGOs is membership fees, followed by donations from organization members, enterprises, governments and competent units. 76. 1% environmental NGOs have no fixed funding sources. 45.5% of international environmental protection organizations in China and 32.9% of environmental protection non-governmental organizations initiated by government departments have relatively fixed funding sources, while only about 20% of non-governmental voluntary organizations and student environmental protection associations have fixed funding sources.
In 2005, 2,768 environmental NGOs raised 2.977 billion yuan, of which 22.5% basically failed to raise funds, and 8 1.5% raised funds below 50,000 yuan.
Except for student environmental protection organizations (the staff of student environmental protection organizations basically have no salary and welfare benefits), the average monthly salary of full-time staff of/kloc-0.4% environmental protection non-governmental organizations ranges from 500 yuan to 654.38+10,000 yuan; 2 1.5% of the full-time staff of environmental NGOs have an average monthly salary of 1000 to 2,000 yuan; 12.2% The average monthly salary of full-time environmental NGOs is slightly higher than 2,000 yuan. 43.9% full-time staff of environmental NGOs are unpaid. The salary standard of environmental protection NGO staff accounts for 44.4% locally, 3 1.7% for middle and lower classes, and 9.8% for middle and lower classes, accounting for 96% in total. More than half (56.3%) full-time staff of environmental NGOs have no welfare protection.
Project evaluation and annual report: 45.8% environmental NGOs evaluate the performance of environmental protection projects. 74.7% environmental NGOs have annual work reports. Among them, 47.6% submitted the report to the competent unit, 45.5% to the internal staff of the organization and 47.6% to the public.
Volunteers In the past year, 90.8% of student environmental protection organizations, 75.7% of non-governmental environmental protection organizations, 63.6% of international environmental protection organizations in China and 55.2% of environmental protection non-governmental organizations initiated by government departments all initiated or organized more than one environmental volunteer activity. When organizing environmental volunteer activities, 39.6% environmental NGOs do not provide compensation, 52. 1% will provide transportation expenses, and some organizations will provide accommodation and a small amount of compensation. Most environmental NGOs have given proper training to volunteers and taken protective measures for their personal safety.
In the relationship with the government, more than 95% environmental NGOs follow the principle of "helping without adding chaos, participating without interfering, supervising without replacing, and doing things without breaking the law" and seek cooperation with the government; 6 1.9% environmental NGOs think they have normal channels of direct communication with the government; 64.6% environmental NGOs choose to cooperate with the government, 32. 1% choose neither cooperation nor confrontation, and 3.3% think there are some contradictions.
In the relationship with enterprises, most environmental NGOs are willing to cooperate with enterprises with good environmental image. The activities of some environmental NGOs will conflict with the interests of polluting enterprises; 24.4% environmental NGOs believe that they occasionally conflict with corporate interests; 2.3% often conflicts with corporate interests. When negotiating with polluting enterprises, the most common way for environmental NGOs is to report to government departments, accounting for 68.6%; Followed by negotiation with enterprises, accounting for 40.0%; Few people resort to legal channels, such as litigation, assembly or protest.
In the relationship with the media and the public, it has become the knowledge of environmental NGOs in China to expand their influence and gain public support with the help of the media. 79.4% environmental NGOs have been reported and publicized by the media. More than 90% environmental NGOs often organize the public to participate in environmental protection activities; 63.4% environmental NGOs have cooperative relations with schools; 4 1.7% cooperated with research institutions; The public support rate of environmental NGOs in China reached 69.5%.
The main characteristics of environmental NGOs in China are many young people, high academic level, strong enterprising spirit and wide influence.
Of the 224,000 employees of environmental NGOs, about 80% are young people under the age of 30, and 70% of the leaders of environmental NGOs are under the age of 40.
—— More than 50% of the staff of environmental NGOs have college degree or above, 13.7% have overseas study experience, and 90.7% of the heads of environmental NGOs have college degree or above.
-More than 95% employees choose to work in environmental NGOs for environmental protection rather than making a living. 9 1.7% volunteers who participate in environmental protection activities are not paid at all. Zhu Zaibao, Hunan Yueyang Environmental Protection Volunteers Association, Fan Liangzhen, Wuhan Green Environmental Protection Service Center, Wu and Chongqing Green Volunteers Association and many other environmental protection non-governmental organizations have concentrated their efforts on contributing to the development of environmental protection in China.
-80% environmental NGOs organize a large-scale environmental public welfare activity every year on average, and put forward some decision-making opinions and suggestions to the central government and local governments through various channels. In 2005, 2,768 environmental non-governmental organizations mobilized 8.57 million volunteers to participate in various environmental protection activities.
Generally speaking, China's environmental NGOs started late, grew rapidly and played an obvious role, but their development was uneven and there were few key talents. The number of environmental NGOs initiated by the government is large, with standardized management and strong ability, but their independence is not enough; Some organizations below the provincial level rarely carry out activities; Students' environmental protection associations are numerous and enthusiastic, but their organizations are unstable and their leaders change frequently. The number of environmental NGOs spontaneously established by the people is small, and their organizations are loose and active, but there are some problems such as imperfect internal organization construction and random work. The number of international environmental protection organizations in China is small and the working conditions are good, but there are generally problems such as lack of legal registration status.
Formal social gathering
/kloc-in the past 0/0 years, environmental NGOs in China have become an indispensable force to promote the development of environmental protection in China. They carried out environmental publicity and education by organizing environmental public welfare activities, publishing books, distributing publicity materials, holding lectures, organizing training and media reports, and made outstanding contributions to improving the public's environmental awareness in China.
/kloc-since 0/0, environmental NGOs have played an active role in the environmental protection process in China. Environmental NGOs have become an indispensable force to promote the development of environmental protection in China.
Advocating environmental protection, raising the environmental awareness of the whole society, carrying out environmental publicity and education, advocating public participation in environmental protection and raising the environmental awareness of the whole people are the most common tasks carried out by environmental NGOs in China. Environmental NGOs have made outstanding contributions to improving the public's environmental awareness in China by organizing environmental public welfare activities, publishing books, distributing publicity materials, holding lectures, organizing training and strengthening media coverage.
In 2000, "Friends of Nature" started the first mobile teaching vehicle for environmental education in China-"Antelope Vehicle". In recent years, the mobile teaching vehicle for environmental education has penetrated into more than 200 schools, sharing the feelings of nature with more than 20,000 primary and secondary school students and caring for the environment.
In recent years, organizing volunteers to carry out environmental voluntary service activities and actively advocating the public to participate in environmental protection with practical actions have become the focus of environmental publicity and education of environmental NGOs. The "26-degree air conditioning" campaign initiated by a number of environmental non-governmental organizations has also been recognized and supported by government departments, enterprises and society. In 2005, 79% of environmental NGOs launched voluntary activities, and * * * mobilized 8.57 million volunteers, with an average of more than 2,500 volunteers per environmental NGO. "Mother River Protection Action", "Sonam Dajie Tibetan Antelope Nature Reserve Service" and "Beijing Zoo Volunteer Tour Guide" have become well-known brands of environmental volunteer service.
Carry out social supervision and make suggestions for the national environmental cause. Environmental NGOs advocate environmental friendliness, which is consistent with the fundamental interests of the country and the people. As a non-governmental force, social supervision over the environmental responsibility of the government and enterprises, participation in environmental decision-making and active suggestions have played a positive role in promoting the realization of national environmental goals.
In September 2004, the anti-seepage project at the bottom of Yuanmingyuan Lake started construction. The State Environmental Protection Administration held a hearing, and environmental NGOs such as Friends of Nature, Earth Survey, and Global Village spoke, suggesting the implementation of the anti-seepage renovation project of Yuanmingyuan. Finally, the Yuanmingyuan seepage control was rectified to restore the water surface.
Helping the poor and promoting the development of green economy In recent years, China's environmental NGOs have gone deep into rural areas, actively helping poor farmers to develop green economy, and realizing poverty alleviation and development while protecting the environment.
Yueyang Environmental Volunteers Association of Hunan Province organized farmers to plant trees after returning farmland to forests, and paid farmers a subsidy of 65.438 million yuan per mu. After the forest is completed, all the benefits will go to the farmers, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers returning farmland to forests.
Paying attention to vulnerable groups and safeguarding the public's environmental rights and interests are the basic environmental rights and interests endowed by law to the public, such as the right to know, participate, supervise and enjoy the environment.
1 999165438+1October1,the Legal Help Center for Pollution Victims of China University of Political Science and Law opened a legal consultation hotline for pollution victims to provide legal services for pollution victims free of charge. Since the hotline was opened, it has provided legal services to more than 10000 pollution victims, and helped more than 50 victims of environmental pollution cases to sue in court or solve them through administrative channels. In 2005, the Center supported "Fujian pingnan county 172 1 Farmer v. Fujian (Pingnan) Rongping Chemical Co., Ltd.", which saved more than 680,000 yuan for local residents. This case was rated as one of the top ten influential lawsuits in China in 2005, and it is the only environmental lawsuit among the top ten influential lawsuits.
Protect biodiversity and leave more space for future generations. Through unremitting efforts, environmental NGOs in China have made outstanding contributions to biodiversity protection in China.
During the period of 1995, "Friends of Nature" launched the protection action for Yunnan golden monkey, and reported the relevant situation to the State Council in time, and organized the media to make extensive, detailed and lasting reports on the plight of Yunnan golden monkey.
In 2002, Green Net, an environmental non-governmental organization, successfully blocked the business plan to develop a golf course in Shunyi Wetland, Beijing, and protected the only wetland in Beijing Plain.
exist problem
Cost is one of the main problems that plague the survival and development of environmental NGOs in China. 76.438+0% environmental NGOs in China have no fixed funding sources. In addition, due to the non-disclosure of environmental information, it is difficult for most public and environmental NGOs to participate in the formulation of environmental policies. Some government departments lack enthusiasm and support for the development of environmental NGOs.
Environmental NGOs have played an active role in the development of environmental protection and made outstanding contributions, but they also face many problems, which restrict the healthy and orderly development of environmental NGOs.
Understanding and understanding the problem is a lack of understanding of the important position and positive role of environmental NGOs in promoting the development of environmental protection in China, which is the primary problem faced by environmental NGOs in China. Some government departments lack enthusiasm and support for the development of environmental NGOs because they don't know enough about the types, quantity, functions, social impact, survival and activities of environmental NGOs, especially those spontaneously formed by the people. The concepts of "the government is in charge of everything" and "afraid of adding chaos" are important reasons that restrict the development of environmental NGOs. At present, the legal and policy environment to ensure the development of environmental NGOs in China is not perfect, and the participation of society and the public is not high. Therefore, environmental NGOs have encountered many difficulties and obstacles in carrying out activities, attracting talents, raising funds and recruiting volunteers.
The most basic feature of all kinds of non-governmental organizations is that they have no administrative power and all expenses are solved by themselves. Therefore, the lack of funds is the pressure and challenge faced by NGOs. China is in a period of economic transformation. Compared with developed countries with mature market economy, the government has little funding for NGOs, the state lacks necessary fiscal and tax incentives for public welfare donations, and the awareness of social public welfare donations is weak. The survival and development costs of environmental NGOs in China, whose main purpose is environmental public welfare, are particularly prominent. 76. 1% Environmental NGOs in China have no fixed funding sources. In the past year, 8 1.5% of environmental NGOs raised less than 50,000 yuan, and 22.5% basically failed to raise funds. Due to the lack of funds, more than 60% environmental NGOs do not have their own office space; 96% of full-time employees' wages are lower than the local average, of which 43.9% are basically unpaid; 72.5% of environmental NGOs can't provide employees with welfare protection such as unemployment, pension and medical care. Cost is one of the main problems that plague the survival and development of environmental NGOs in China.
The ability and effectiveness of China's participation in policy formulation and social supervision are strong in dedication and enthusiasm, and the environmental protection goal is clear. However, due to the limitations of some systems, mechanisms and their own capabilities, the ability and effectiveness of environmental NGOs to participate in national environmental policy formulation and social supervision needs to be strengthened.
It is very difficult for most of the public and environmental NGOs to participate in environmental policy-making because of the lack of understanding of relevant environmental information of government departments, unclear policy-making background and lack of mechanisms and channels to intervene in the preliminary work. Some departments and enterprises are skeptical and negative about the implementation of social supervision by environmental NGOs for their own interests.
At present, China's environmental NGOs participate in the formulation of environmental policies and the implementation of social supervision, and most of them put forward opinions and suggestions from a single angle, often lacking comprehensive information, professional theory and basic data support. Among the 224,000 employees of environmental NGOs, 26.8% have no professional background related to environmental protection, and nearly 50% of environmental NGOs have only 1 ~ 2 environmental professionals. Due to the lack of professional talents and weak foundation, environmental NGOs have insufficient ability to participate in environmental policy formulation and social supervision, and their effectiveness is not high.
The problem of insufficient public participation is different from the development process of environmental protection in developed countries. Environmental protection in China is first promoted by the government, not from the public. In the early days, most environmental protection non-governmental organizations initiated by government departments lacked vitality and were "obedient good children" rather than "capable good children". These non-governmental organizations have strong dependence on the government, weak independent activities, little communication with the public and lack of a broad mass base. The public is unable or unwilling to participate in environmental NGOs.
At the current level of social, political, economic and cultural development in China, there are many reasons for the lack of public participation. The government's advocacy is not strong enough, the public's environmental awareness and volunteer service spirit are not high, and they lack understanding of the status and role of environmental NGOs. The bad publicity of environmental NGOs themselves also leads to the low enthusiasm of the public to participate in the activities of environmental NGOs in China.
The ability of international non-governmental environmental exchange and cooperation In recent years, international non-governmental environmental exchange has been very active, which has attracted wide attention from all countries in the world. Although there are a large number of environmental NGOs in China, few of them are accredited by the United Nations. In addition, their professional ability and international exchange level are not high, so they can't make full use of the platform of international non-governmental environmental exchange and cooperation to publicize China government's environmental proposition, safeguard China's environmental image and strive for more practical environmental benefits.
development trends
The booming of non-governmental organizations in China will become an irreversible historical trend of social development. In the next 5 ~ 10 years, the number and employees of environmental NGOs in China will increase by about 10 ~ 15%, environmental NGOs in universities, communities and rural areas will develop rapidly, and the quality and participation ability of environmental NGOs will be further improved.
The report on the work of the United Nations in 2005 juxtaposed the rapid rise of non-governmental organizations with the reorganization of global political and economic structure after the end of the Cold War, the globalization of the world economy, the revolution of information technology, and the protection of the ecological environment, and held that the ecological environment was one of the important factors affecting the future global development.
Environmental NGOs in China have the following six basic characteristics: First, they are formal, most of them are registered or have other legal identities; Second, it is private and does not have any administrative power; Third, non-profit, not for profit; Fourth, autonomy, independent environmental protection activities within the scope of national laws; Fifth, voluntary, which fully embodies the principle of voluntary participation in the establishment, management and activities of organizations; Sixth, public welfare, providing environmental protection public welfare services for the public. Environmental NGOs reflect and give consideration to the environmental rights and interests of different social groups, ease social contradictions and maintain social stability by providing environmental public welfare and mutual assistance services, and play an active role as social "regulator" and "stabilizer" for implementing the national sustainable development strategy.
With the establishment and improvement of China's socialist market economic system, people's material and cultural living standards have generally improved, the public's awareness of democracy and legal system has been further enhanced, and the social organization structure in China has undergone significant changes. As the objective necessity of socialist democratic political reform, institutional innovation and organizational innovation, the vigorous rise of non-governmental organizations in China will become an irreversible historical trend of social development.
In the next 5 ~ 10 years, the number and employees of environmental NGOs in China will increase by about 10 ~ 15%, environmental NGOs in universities, communities and rural areas will develop rapidly, and their personnel quality and participation ability will be further improved. As a bridge and link between the Party and the government and the people, China environmental NGOs will become an important organizational carrier to promote the sustained economic development, overall environmental improvement, overall social progress and overall human development in China.
Development suggestion
It is necessary to provide a good legal and policy environment for the healthy development of environmental NGOs; Optimize the allocation of environmental public resources and create favorable material conditions and development space for environmental NGOs; Environmental NGOs should pay attention to establishing their own social integrity, credibility and popularity, and maintain and maintain a good social image of environmental NGOs; Strengthen supervision, management and guidance services to promote the all-round and healthy development of environmental protection NGOs in China.
In order to promote the healthy development of environmental NGOs in China, the following suggestions are put forward:
Change ideas, raise awareness, and provide a good legal and policy environment for the healthy development of environmental NGOs. On the basis of a correct understanding of the position and role of environmental NGOs in promoting the development of environmental protection in China, governments at all levels and their relevant functional departments should establish a general idea to promote the healthy development of environmental NGOs in China, and follow the "the State Council's Decision on Implementing Scientific Outlook on Development's Environmental Protection" on "perfecting the social supervision mechanism, creating conditions for public participation and giving full play to the role of social organizations". Adhere to the principle of "active guidance, strong support, strengthened management and healthy development", reform and improve the current registration management system of non-governmental organizations, study and formulate policy incentives conducive to public participation and charitable donations, and provide a good legal and policy environment for the healthy development of environmental protection non-governmental organizations in China.
Optimize the allocation of environmental public resources and create favorable material conditions and development space for environmental NGOs. Environmental public resources include national environmental laws, regulations, policies, standards and service facilities, various tangible and intangible investments by the government and the whole society in environmental undertakings, and social responsibilities of all sectors of society (especially enterprises) in the fields of production, life and consumption. Transforming government functions, on the basis of effectively mobilizing environmental public resources and increasing the total amount of environmental public resources, optimizing the allocation of environmental public resources by using market mechanism and realizing the socialization and capitalization of environmental public resources are effective ways to improve the utilization efficiency of environmental public resources and solve the contradiction between the growing environmental demand of Chinese people and the insufficient supply of environmental undertakings. It is suggested that government functions should be changed and some environmental public service functions should be entrusted to environmental NGOs. Environmental NGOs should be strongly supported and encouraged to obtain and effectively use environmental public resources, give full play to their social functions of providing environmental public services, and provide a solid financial and material foundation for the healthy development of environmental NGOs in China.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward that "to build a harmonious socialist society, we must strengthen social construction, improve the social management system, and improve the social management pattern of party committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination and public participation". The purpose, basic attributes, main functions, organizational structure, working principles and activities of environmental NGOs in China are completely consistent with the requirements of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and building a harmonious socialist society. In the process of realizing socialist modernization in an all-round way in China, environmental protection NGOs have emerged and flourished, which is the need of building a new pattern of social management in the new period and the inevitable requirement of all-round social progress. In order to conform to the historical development trend, we must pay equal attention to supervision, management and guidance services, establish new mechanisms and implement new measures to promote the all-round and healthy development of environmental protection NGOs in China, lay a solid social foundation and strengthen important social forces for implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and building a harmonious socialist society.
Clarify the purpose, improve the ability, and maintain and maintain the good social image of environmental NGOs in China. Practice has proved that adhering to the purpose of providing environmental public services to the society, improving the ability of organizations to mobilize public participation and winning the strong support of the government and its relevant departments are the inherent requirements for the healthy development of environmental NGOs in China. Environmental NGOs should do what the government wants to do, but they have no time to do it or have no energy to do it; It is necessary to help solve some practical problems that are widely concerned by the society, important and urgent, and related to the vital interests of the people; It is necessary to strengthen the ability training and strengthen their own political awareness, professional ability, management level and professional level; Actively carry out international non-governmental environmental exchanges and cooperation, learn from foreign useful experience, and attract necessary financial support; We should pay attention to establishing our own social integrity, reputation and popularity, establish brand awareness, and accumulate social resources conducive to our healthy development.