Today, we will look at the symptoms, causes and prevention methods of abnormal results of tomatoes.
First, the symptoms of deformed fruit
Abnormal fruit is habitually called "abnormal fruit" by vegetable farmers here, and it is one of the main physiological diseases of tomato cultivation in protected areas. It directly affects the yield and quality of tomatoes.
The deformed fruit of tomato has various shapes, such as peach shape, chrysanthemum shape, pointed shape, eccentric shape, tumor shape, finger shape and so on.
The abnormal fruit of tomato appears more or less every year, some years are heavy and some years are light. Last year, the abnormal fruit rate of tomato here was extremely high. In the year with serious abnormal fruit, the abnormal fruit rate can reach more than 50%, mainly occurring in the first and second panicles, especially in the thirtieth panicle.
If carefully observed, all tomato plants with abnormal fruits generally grow vigorously, with dark green leaves and stout stems, which are higher than normal plants. The sepals of fruit are fat and long, and there are more sepals than normal tomatoes. Abnormal petals, less pollen, normal and abnormal ovary morphology.
Vegetable farmers are also puzzled, and sometimes they can't figure out what factors are related to the law. Because of work, I also summed up the reasons. I summed up the following reasons.
Second, the three reasons of tomato deformity
The first reason is that there is not enough light at low temperature.
Last year, tomatoes in our greenhouse showed abnormal fruit in a large area, mainly because the winter temperature was lower than normal, and there was a wide range of rain and snow weather, which led to low temperature and few photos.
At this time, the tomatoes here are in the stage of flower bud differentiation. Continuous low temperature, high humidity and low light for many days lead to the futile growth of seedlings, and most nutrients are transported to the growth point, which leads to the differentiation of many deformed flowers and the formation of a large number of deformed fruits. The longer the exposure time at low temperature, the higher the probability of fruit abnormality.
The second reason is improper management of water and fertilizer.
If there is insufficient water and fertilizer or excessive nitrogen fertilizer in the flower bud differentiation stage of tomato seedlings, it is easy to produce pointed tomato fruits or multi-cavity chrysanthemum-shaped fruits. Too much fertilizer and water at seedling stage will form oval fruit or tumor-like fruit with many carpels.
When tomato plants are deficient in calcium and boron, the abnormal fruit rate of tomato increases.
The third reason is improper use of hormones.
The phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits is common in tomatoes. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, vegetable farmers will use some growth regulators, such as anti-falling agent and tomato essence. For these chemicals, there must be a very strict concentration during use. If the concentration is too high, abnormal fruit is easy to appear.
Then it is sprayed too early, or it is not suitable. If sprayed on young flowers that have not yet germinated, it is easy to cause deformed fruits.
My conclusion is that the abnormal tomato fruit is caused by the above three reasons. There are also many vegetable farmers who ask how to reduce the occurrence of deformed fruits and what medicine to spray. To tell the truth, whenever crops suffer from physiological diseases, there is generally no cure. Only by strengthening field management, avoiding low temperature and strengthening light management can we create a comfortable environment conducive to crop growth. You can start with the following points.
Three, six measures to prevent the occurrence of abnormal fruit of tomato
1, select varieties with strong resistance.
According to the planting experience in recent years, under the same cultivation conditions, some tomato varieties are more resistant to low temperature and weak light, such as Sufen 9, FA 189 and so on. These varieties of tomato have thick skin, low temperature tolerance and strong stress resistance, because the number of rooms changes little and the incidence of abnormal fruit is low.
2. Strengthen temperature management at seedling stage.
In the process of tomato seedling raising, we must pay attention to strengthening seedling management to avoid low temperature at seedling stage. Generally speaking, it is strict to control the temperature at night at seedling stage at 12. 16℃, maintained at 25℃ during the day? 28℃ can meet the temperature required for flower bud differentiation of tomato plants. Be careful not to let tomato seedlings stay in the low temperature environment below 5℃ for many days or a long time.
3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management at seedling stage.
Cultivating high-quality strong seedlings can effectively avoid the occurrence of deformed fruits. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used together in tomato seedling stage, and it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer in a partial way to prevent the development of deformed flowers such as carpels or flat flowers. At the same time, pay attention to the supply of trace elements such as calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer. Tomato seedlings are sensitive to water demand, so they need to be watered at the right time and sprayed with water several times to replenish water.
4. Increase the light intensity
Adequate light is beneficial to the differentiation of tomato flower buds. Therefore, tomatoes cultivated in greenhouse must pay attention to cleaning the greenhouse film, uncovering the grass early and covering it late, increasing the illumination time, making the plants fully exposed to light and promoting flower bud differentiation.
On rainy days, it is best to equip with fill light to provide light.
5. Rational use of growth regulators
Plant growth regulators, such as tomato essence and anti-shedding hormone, are often used in tomato cultivation. But when using these things, it should be noted that the amount of medicine dipped in flowers should not be too much, and flowers with incomplete buds should not be dipped. After dipping the flowers, topdressing and watering should be done in time to ensure the normal development of tomato fruits. Flexible use of concentration according to temperature, high temperature and low concentration, low temperature and high concentration.
Step 6 remove the irregular flowers
In the process of dipping tomatoes in flowers, as well as in daily management, it is necessary to remove the deformed flowers on each inflorescence at any time, especially the first flower of each ear is most likely to be deformed, so as to avoid absorbing too much nutrition and not forming normal fruits.
In a word, the abnormal fruit of tomatoes is very common, and there are many reasons, mainly environmental factors. Therefore, in the daily management of tomatoes, how to create a normal environment suitable for tomato growth is the most effective measure to prevent the occurrence of abnormal fruit of tomatoes. At present, there is no drug to prevent abnormal fruit of tomatoes.